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Chou (1996)
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C Wang, R Lehmann (1991)
Nanos is the localized posterior determinant in DrosophilaCell, 66
Irish (1989)
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Hülskamp (1989)
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K M Bhat (1999)
The posterior determinant gene nanos is required for the maintenance of the adult germline stem cells during Drosophila oogenesisGenetics, 151
Murata (1995)
747Cell, 80
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2303EMBO J., 11
R Lehmann, C Nüsslein-Volhard (1991)
The maternal gene nanos has a central role in posterior pattern formation of the Drosophila embryoDevelopment, 112
Gavis (1992)
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Nanos and Pumilio have critical roles in the development and function of Drosophila germline stem cellsDevelopment, 125
Kobayashi (1996)
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A Heller, M Steinmann-Zwicky (1998)
No premature gene expression in germ cells of embryos deriving from nos femalesMech. Dev., 72
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T B Chou, N Perrimon (1996)
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Smaug protein represses translation of unlocalized nanos mRNA in the Drosophila embryoGenes Dev., 10
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The Pumilio RNA-binding domain is also a translational regulatorMol. Cell, 1
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Curtis (1997)
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Maternal Nanos regulates zygotic gene expression in germline progenitors of Drosophila melanogasterMech. Dev., 78
Mosquera (1993)
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R P Wharton, G Struhl (1991)
RNA regulatory elements mediate control of Drosophila body pattern by the posterior morphogen nanosCell, 67
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Gavis (1996)
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The Drosophila posterior-group gene nanos functions by repressing hunchback activityNature, 338
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17Development, 104
C Wang, L K Dickinson, R Lehmann (1994)
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The central globular domain of the nucleocapsid protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is critical for virion structure and infectivityJ. Virol., 69
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Drosophila clipper/CPSF 30K is a post-transcriptionally regulated nuclear protein that binds RNA containing GC clustersNucleic Acids Res., 26
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A CCHC metal-binding domain in Nanos is essential for translational regulationEMBO J., 16
A Ephrussi, R Lehmann (1992)
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G Struhl (1989)
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K Subramaniam, G Seydoux (1999)
nos-1 and nos-2, two genes related to Drosophila nanos, regulate primordial germ cell migration and survival in C. elegansDevelopment, 126
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Rajavashisth (1989)
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679Development, 112
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nanos is an evolutionarily conserved organizer of anterior-posterior polarityDevelopment, 121
Bai (1998)
1597Nucleic Acids Res., 26
Ashburner (1989)
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Ephrussi (1991)
37Cell, 66
E R Gavis, D Curtis, R Lehmann (1996a)
Identification of cis-acting sequences that control nanos RNA localizationDev. Biol., 176
P M Macdonald (1992)
The Drosophila pumilio gene: an unusually long transcription unit and an unusual proteinDevelopment, 114
J Dannull, A Surovoy, G Jung, K Moelling (1994)
Specific binding of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein to PSI RNA in vitro requires N-terminal zinc finger and flanking basic amino acid residuesEMBO J., 13
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A conserved RNA-binding protein that regulates sexual fates in the C. elegans hermaphrodite germ lineNature, 390
Bhat (1999)
1479Genetics, 151
Pirrotta (1998)
437
A Ephrussi, L K Dickinson, R Lehmann (1991)
Oskar organizes the germ plasm and directs localization of the posterior determinant nanosCell, 66
Ephrussi (1992)
387Nature, 358
E R Gavis, L Lunsford, S E Bergsten, R Lehmann (1996b)
A conserved 90 nucleotide element mediates translational repression of nanos RNADevelopment, 122
Heller (1998)
169Mech. Dev., 72
M Pilon, D A Weisblat (1997)
A nanos homolog in leechDevelopment, 124
De Guzman (1998)
384Science, 279
Y Murata, R P Wharton (1995)
Binding of Pumilio to maternal hunchback mRNA is required for posterior patterning in Drosophila embryosCell, 80
J Ahringer, J Kimble (1991)
Control of the sperm-oocyte switch in Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites by the fem-3 3? untranslated regionNature, 349
D D Barker, C Wang, J Moore, L K Dickinson, R Lehmann (1992)
Pumilio is essential for function but not for distribution of the Drosophila abdominal determinant NanosGenes Dev., 6
J Ahringer, T A Rosenquist, D N Lawson, J Kimble (1992)
The Caenorhabditis elegans sex determining gene fem-3 is regulated post-transcriptionallyEMBO J., 11
E R Gavis, R Lehmann (1992)
Localization of nanos RNA controls embryonic polarityCell, 71
M Hülskamp, C Schroder, C Pfeifle, H Jackle, D Tautz (1989)
Posterior segmentation of the Drosophila embryo in the absence of a maternal posterior organizer geneNature, 338
R Lehmann, C Nüsslein-Volhard (1986)
Abdominal segmentation, pole cell formation, and embryonic polarity require the localized activity of oskar, a maternal gene in DrosophilaCell, 47
P D Zamore, J R Williamson, R Lehmann (1997)
The Pumilio protein binds RNA through a conserved domain that defines a new class of RNA-binding proteinsRNA, 3
The Drosophila protein Nanos encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein with two zinc finger motifs. In the embryo, Nanos protein function is required for establishment of the anterior-posterior body pattern and for the migration of primordial germ cells. During oogenesis, Nanos protein is involved in the establishment and maintenance of germ-line stem cells and the differentiation of oocyte precursor cells. To establish proper embryonic patterning, Nanos acts as a translational regulator of hunchback RNA. Nanos' targets for germ cell migration and development are not known. Here, we describe a selective genetic screen aimed at isolating new nanos alleles. The molecular and genetic analysis of 68 new alleles has allowed us to identify amino acids critical for nanos function. This analysis shows that the CCHC motifs, which coordinate two metal ions, are essential for all known functions of Nanos protein. Furthermore, a region C-terminal to the zinc fingers seems to constitute a novel functional domain within the Nanos protein. This “tail region” of Nanos is required for abdomen formation and germ cell migration, but not for oogenesis.
Genetics – Oxford University Press
Published: Dec 1, 1999
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