Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
Loading next page...
/lp/sage/reading-a-smiling-face-messages-conveyed-by-various-forms-of-smiling-8rhchvtPm5
References (45)
-
P. Ekman (1972)
Universals and cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion., 1971
-
Emma Otta, S. Sarrá (1990)
Um estudo sobre o sorriso e o riso em crianças de quatro a cinco anosPsicologia Usp, 1
-
H. Reis, Ilona Wilson, Carla Monestere, S. Bernstein, K. Clark, Edward Seidl, M. Franco, E. Gioioso, L. Freeman, Kimberly Radoane (1990)
What is smiling is beautiful and goodEuropean Journal of Social Psychology, 20
-
J. Lockard, C. Fahrenbruch, J. Smith, C. Morgan (1977)
Smiling and laughter: Different phyletic origins?Bulletin of the psychonomic society, 10
-
(1987)
What is in a smile? P ~ y c h u l O ~ -
P. Ekman, W. Friesen (1971)
Constants across cultures in the face and emotion.Journal of personality and social psychology, 17 2
-
Susan Frances (1979)
Sex differences in nonverbal behaviorSex Roles, 5
-
C. Morse (1982)
College Yearbook Pictures: More Females Smile Than MalesThe Journal of Psychology, 110
-
(1994)
0 sorriso e seris sig,zt3cados [The smile and if.r meanings -
S. Lau (1982)
The Effect of Smiling on Person PerceptionJournal of Social Psychology, 117
-
(1972)
A comparative approach to the philo eny of laughter and smhng -
F. Deutsch (1990)
Status, Sex, and SmilingPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16
-
J. Ragan (1982)
Gender displays in portrait photographsSex Roles, 8
-
P. Berman, V. Smith (1984)
Gender and situational differences in children's smiles, touch, and proxemicsSex Roles, 10
-
C. Keating, A. Mazur, M. Segall, P. Cysneiros, Janet Kilbride, P. Leahy, W. Divale, S. Komin, B. Thurman, R. Wirsing (1981)
Culture and the perception of social dominance from facial expression.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40
-
F. Deutsch, D. LeBaron, Maury Fryer (1987)
What is in a Smile?Psychology of Women Quarterly, 11
-
(1972)
Human nonverbal behavior: a means of cornmunication -
(1977)
Bodily politics -
J. Cheyne (1976)
Development of Forms and Functions of Smiling in Preschoolers.Child Development, 47
-
A. Halberstadt, C. Hayes, K. Pike (1988)
Gender and gender role differences in smiling and communication consistencySex Roles, 19
-
R. Buck, R. Miller, W. Caul (1974)
Sex, personality, and physiological variables in the communication of affect via facial expression.Journal of personality and social psychology, 30 4
-
(1979)
Sex difference in nonverbal behavior -
(1990)
Status, sex, and smiling: the effect of role on smiling in Inen and women -
C. Whissell (1982)
Different Semantic Factors Representing Laughter and SmilesPerceptual and Motor Skills, 54
-
(1988)
Bodily commutrication -
D. Barash (1973)
Human EthologyEnvironment and Behavior, 5
-
(1974)
Biological bases ofhzrtnan social behavior -
G. Adams, T. Huston (1975)
Social Perception of Middle-Aged Persons Varying in Physical Attractiveness.Developmental Psychology, 11
-
D. Bugental, L. Love, R. Gianetto (1971)
Perfidious feminine faces.Journal of personality and social psychology, 17 3
-
(1975)
Unmasking /he face: a guide to recognizing emotionsfromJocia1 clues -
(1987)
What is in a smile? P~y c h u l O~ o f Wornen Quarterly -
(1977)
Smdlng .ind laughter: ddferent phyletic origins -
S. Sontag (2018)
double standard of aging -
R. Buck, V. Savin, Robert Miller, W. Caul (1972)
Communication of affect through facial expressions in humans.Journal of personality and social psychology, 23 3
-
(1976)
Development of forms and functions of s m h g in preschoolers -
J. Pereira, Maria Pinto (1993)
Hospitais psiquiátricos e perspectiva sistémicaPsicologica, 9
-
(1982)
D~fferent semantic factors representing laughter and smiles. Percepfual and Motor Skills -
(1972)
A comparative approach to the philo eny of laughter -
W. Mackey (1976)
Parameters of the Smile as a Social SignalJournal of Genetic Psychology, 129
-
W. Simpson, Sally Crandall (1972)
The perception of smilesPsychonomic Science, 29
-
(1982)
The effect of smhng on person perception -
E. Otta, Beatriz Lira, Nadia Delevati, Otávio Cesar, Carla Pires (1994)
The effect of smiling and of head tilting on person perception.The Journal of psychology, 128 3
-
S. Jones, Tarja Raag, Kimberly Collins (1990)
Smiling in older infants: Form and maternal responseInfant Behavior & Development, 13
-
(1990)
What is s m h g is beautiful and good -
A E ( 1 9 8 Express20 facial e tamanho da pupils [Facial expression and pupil size
- Publisher
- SAGE
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2019 by SAGE Publications
- ISSN
- 0031-5125
- eISSN
- 1558-688X
- DOI
- 10.2466/pms.1996.82.3c.1111
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of various forms of smiling (closed smile, upper smile, or broad smile) on person perception. Brazilian undergraduates (N = 330) judged a photograph of a male or female stimulus person in three age ranges (young, middle-aged, and old) and smiling or not. 7–point scales were used to measure respondents' perception of the stimulus persons on various attributes (attractiveness, happiness, extroversion, sympathy, kindness, submission, ambition, and intelligence). We found that a smile enhanced attractiveness and kindness ratings independently of its form, whereas the influence of the various forms on ratings of happiness was additive. As the neutral face changed to a closed smile and the closed smile became a broad smile, target stimuli were attributed greater rated happiness. We also found a contribution of perceivers' gender to the judgements of extroversion and sympathy, indicating a slightly greater discrimination of facial expressions among women than among men.
Journal
Perceptual and Motor Skills – SAGE
Published: Aug 31, 2016