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Citrobacter rodentium: infection, inflammation and the microbiota

Citrobacter rodentium: infection, inflammation and the microbiota The mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium is a useful model to investigate important human intestinal diseases, including enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) infections, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and colon tumorigenesis. Whole-genome sequencing of multiple pathogenic attaching and effacing (A/E) bacteria has led to the identification of many genes that are involved in pathogenesis, including gene families that encode effector proteins of the type III secretion system (T3SS). The functions of many putative virulence genes have been evaluated in the C. rodentium model, which has improved our understanding of pathogenesis and the corresponding host responses. C. rodentium elicits robust inflammasome-dependent responses in a caspase 1- and caspase 11-dependent manner. Type I interferon signalling is a key factor that regulates inflammasome activation in C. rodentium infection. The intestinal microbiota is crucial for coordinating mucosal immune responses to C. rodentium infection, including the development of IgA+ plasma cells, group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s; also known as inducible T helper (iTH) cells), TH17 cells and TH22 cells. Defined dietary components, such as vitamin D, vitamin E, selenium, ligands from cruciferous vegetables and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), as well as the intestinal microbiota, directly modify mucosal immune responses and epithelial barrier function in response to C. rodentium infection. Future research using the C. rodentium model will focus on quantitative proteomics, metabolomics and four-dimensional (4D) imaging studies to unravel pathogen–host–microbiota interactions in unprecedented detail. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Nature Reviews Microbiology Springer Journals

Citrobacter rodentium: infection, inflammation and the microbiota

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References (135)

Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © 2014 by Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.
Subject
Life Sciences; Life Sciences, general; Microbiology; Medical Microbiology; Parasitology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
ISSN
1740-1526
eISSN
1740-1534
DOI
10.1038/nrmicro3315
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

The mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium is a useful model to investigate important human intestinal diseases, including enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) infections, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and colon tumorigenesis. Whole-genome sequencing of multiple pathogenic attaching and effacing (A/E) bacteria has led to the identification of many genes that are involved in pathogenesis, including gene families that encode effector proteins of the type III secretion system (T3SS). The functions of many putative virulence genes have been evaluated in the C. rodentium model, which has improved our understanding of pathogenesis and the corresponding host responses. C. rodentium elicits robust inflammasome-dependent responses in a caspase 1- and caspase 11-dependent manner. Type I interferon signalling is a key factor that regulates inflammasome activation in C. rodentium infection. The intestinal microbiota is crucial for coordinating mucosal immune responses to C. rodentium infection, including the development of IgA+ plasma cells, group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s; also known as inducible T helper (iTH) cells), TH17 cells and TH22 cells. Defined dietary components, such as vitamin D, vitamin E, selenium, ligands from cruciferous vegetables and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), as well as the intestinal microbiota, directly modify mucosal immune responses and epithelial barrier function in response to C. rodentium infection. Future research using the C. rodentium model will focus on quantitative proteomics, metabolomics and four-dimensional (4D) imaging studies to unravel pathogen–host–microbiota interactions in unprecedented detail.

Journal

Nature Reviews Microbiology – Springer Journals

Published: Aug 4, 2014

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