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Protein Involvement in Transmembrane Lipid Asymmetry

Protein Involvement in Transmembrane Lipid Asymmetry The evidence that phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed in bio­ logical membranes is compelling. This situation is possible because the transverse diffusion, or lipid flip-flop, is a slow process in phospholipid bilayers, as demonstrated for the first time in 1971 by Kornberg & McCon­ nell (76). These authors found, with spin-labeled lipids in sonicated vesicles, a half-time of passage of several hours, a value since confirmed using many other techniques. An asymmetrical lipid synthesis could explain lipid asymmetry. However, in the past six years, the existence of several proteins specially involved in the control of transmembrane lipid asymmetry has 1 Abbreviations used in this review are: PE, phoshpatidy1ethanolamine; PS, phos­ phatidylserine; PC, phosphatidylcholine; SM, sphingomyelin; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PIP, phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate; PIPz, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PA, phosphatidic acid; PG, phosphatidylglycerol; CL, cardiolipin; TNBS 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonate; ER, endoplasmic reticulum. 417 1056-8700/92/0610-0417$02.00 DEVAUX been demonstrated. Several authors have also proposed various mech­ anisms apart from asymmetrical synthesis by which lipid asymmetry could be induced or modified in membranes. Finally, many researchers have speculated about the biological functions associated with lipid asymmetry and lipid transport through membranes. Several reviews have already examined the subject of lipid asymmetry in biological and model mem­ branes (38,46,80,10 http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Annual Review of Biophysics Annual Reviews

Protein Involvement in Transmembrane Lipid Asymmetry

Devaux, P F
Annual Review of Biophysics , Volume 21 (1) – Jun 1, 1992
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Publisher
Annual Reviews
Copyright
Copyright 1992 Annual Reviews. All rights reserved
Subject
Review Articles
ISSN
1936-122X
eISSN
1936-1238
DOI
10.1146/annurev.bb.21.060192.002221
pmid
1525472
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

The evidence that phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed in bio­ logical membranes is compelling. This situation is possible because the transverse diffusion, or lipid flip-flop, is a slow process in phospholipid bilayers, as demonstrated for the first time in 1971 by Kornberg & McCon­ nell (76). These authors found, with spin-labeled lipids in sonicated vesicles, a half-time of passage of several hours, a value since confirmed using many other techniques. An asymmetrical lipid synthesis could explain lipid asymmetry. However, in the past six years, the existence of several proteins specially involved in the control of transmembrane lipid asymmetry has 1 Abbreviations used in this review are: PE, phoshpatidy1ethanolamine; PS, phos­ phatidylserine; PC, phosphatidylcholine; SM, sphingomyelin; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PIP, phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate; PIPz, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PA, phosphatidic acid; PG, phosphatidylglycerol; CL, cardiolipin; TNBS 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonate; ER, endoplasmic reticulum. 417 1056-8700/92/0610-0417$02.00 DEVAUX been demonstrated. Several authors have also proposed various mech­ anisms apart from asymmetrical synthesis by which lipid asymmetry could be induced or modified in membranes. Finally, many researchers have speculated about the biological functions associated with lipid asymmetry and lipid transport through membranes. Several reviews have already examined the subject of lipid asymmetry in biological and model mem­ branes (38,46,80,10

Journal

Annual Review of Biophysics – Annual Reviews

Published: Jun 1, 1992

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