C. Cannon, R. Palmiter (2003)
Reward without DopamineThe Journal of Neuroscience, 23
V. Pidoplichko, J. Noguchi, Oluwasanmi Areola, Yong Liang, J. Peterson, Tianxiang Zhang, J. Dani (2004)
Nicotinic cholinergic synaptic mechanisms in the ventral tegmental area contribute to nicotine addiction.Learning & memory, 11 1
B. Hoebel, Anthony Monaco, L. Hernández, E. Aulisi, B. Stanley, L. Lénárd (2004)
Self-injection of amphetamine directly into the brainPsychopharmacology, 81
H. Yin, Sean Ostlund, B. Knowlton, B. Balleine (2005)
The role of the dorsomedial striatum in instrumental conditioningEuropean Journal of Neuroscience, 22
Laurie Sellings, P. Clarke (2003)
Segregation of Amphetamine Reward and Locomotor Stimulation between Nucleus Accumbens Medial Shell and CoreThe Journal of Neuroscience, 23
Brian Knutson, J. Burgdorf, J. Panksepp (2002)
Ultrasonic vocalizations as indices of affective states in rats.Psychological bulletin, 128 6
J. Salamone, M. Correa, S. Mingote, Suzanne Weber (2003)
Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine and the Regulation of Effort in Food-Seeking Behavior: Implications for Studies of Natural Motivation, Psychiatry, and Drug AbuseJournal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 305
J. Brog, Aimee Salyapongse, A. Deutch, D. Zahm (1993)
The patterns of afferent innervation of the core and shell in the “Accumbens” part of the rat ventral striatum: Immunohistochemical detection of retrogradely transported fluoro‐goldJournal of Comparative Neurology, 338
R. Rescorla, R. Solomon (1967)
Two-process learning theory: Relationships between Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental learning.Psychological review, 74 3
G. Gatto, W. Mcbride, J. Murphy, J. Murphy, L. Lumeng, L. Lumeng, Ting-kai Li, Ting-kai Li (1994)
Ethanol self-infusion into the ventral tegmental area by alcohol-preferring rats.Alcohol, 11 6
T. Hnasko, Bethany Sotak, R. Palmiter (2005)
Morphine reward in dopamine-deficient miceNature, 438
V. David, P. Cazala (1994)
Differentiation of intracranial morphine self-administration behavior among five brain regions in micePharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 48
A. Imperato, Angelina Mulas, G. Chiara (1986)
Nicotine preferentially stimulates dopamine release in the limbic system of freely moving rats.European journal of pharmacology, 132 2-3
D. Zahm (1999)
Functional‐anatomical Implications of the Nucleus Accumbens Core and Shell SubterritoriesAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 877
D. Bindra (1968)
Neuropsychological interpretation of the effects of drive and incentive-motivation on general activity and instrumental behavior.Psychological Review, 75
D. Zahm, L. Heimer (1990)
Two transpallidal pathways originating in the rat nucleus accumbensJournal of Comparative Neurology, 302
James Brown (1943)
The nuclear pattern of the non‐tectal portions of the midbrain and isthmus in the dog and catJournal of Comparative Neurology, 78
S. Johnson, R. North (1992)
Opioids excite dopamine neurons by hyperpolarization of local interneurons, 12
F. Del-Fava, R. Hasue, J. Ferreira, S. Shammah-Lagnado (2007)
Efferent connections of the rostral linear nucleus of the ventral tegmental area in the ratNeuroscience, 145
V. David, L. Ségu, M. Buhot, Marina Ichaye, P. Cazala (2004)
Rewarding effects elicited by cocaine microinjections into the ventral tegmental area of C57BL/6 mice: involvement of dopamine D1 and serotonin1B receptorsPsychopharmacology, 174
G. Nomikos, C. Spyraki (2004)
Cocaine-induced place conditioning: importance of route of administration and other procedural variablesPsychopharmacology, 94
G. Alexander, M. DeLong, P. Strick (1986)
Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex.Annual review of neuroscience, 9
Enrico Museo, R. Wise (1990)
Locomotion induced by ventral tegmental microinjections of a nicotinic agonistPharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 35
S. Peciña, Jay Schulkin, Kent Berridge (2006)
Nucleus accumbens corticotropin-releasing factor increases cue-triggered motivation for sucrose reward: paradoxical positive incentive effects in stress?BMC Biology, 4
G. Bower, N. Miller (1958)
Rewarding and punishing effects from stimulating the same place in the rat's brain.Journal of comparative and physiological psychology, 51 6
S. Laviolette, D. Kooy (2003)
Blockade of mesolimbic dopamine transmission dramatically increases sensitivity to the rewarding effects of nicotine in the ventral tegmental areaMolecular Psychiatry, 8
K. Kao, D. Powell (1988)
Lesions of the substantia nigra retard Pavlovian eye-blink but not heart rate conditioning in the rabbit.Behavioral neuroscience, 102 4
D. Rioch (1929)
Studies on the diencephalon of carnivora. Part II. Certain nuclear configurations and fiber connections of the subthalamus and midbrain of the dog and catJournal of Comparative Neurology, 49
A. Grace (1995)
The tonic/phasic model of dopamine system regulation: its relevance for understanding how stimulant abuse can alter basal ganglia function.Drug and alcohol dependence, 37 2
R. Oades, G. Halliday (1987)
Ventral tegmental (A10) system: neurobiology. 1. Anatomy and connectivityBrain Research Reviews, 12
S. Haber, J. Fudge, Nikolaus McFarland (2000)
Striatonigrostriatal Pathways in Primates Form an Ascending Spiral from the Shell to the Dorsolateral StriatumThe Journal of Neuroscience, 20
S. Ikemoto (2005)
The Supramammillary Nucleus Mediates Primary Reinforcement via GABAA ReceptorsNeuropsychopharmacology, 30
P. Somogyi, J. Bolam, S. Totterdell, A. Smith (1981)
Monosynaptic input from the nucleus accumbens-ventral striatum region to retrogradely labelled nigrostriatal neuronesBrain Research, 217
R. Wightman, J. Zimmerman (1990)
Control of dopamine extracellular concentration in rat striatum by impulse flow and uptakeBrain Research Reviews, 15
R. Nieuwenhuys (1996)
The greater limbic system, the emotional motor system and the brain.Progress in brain research, 107
R. Pierce, V. Kumaresan, V. Kumaresan (2006)
The mesolimbic dopamine system: The final common pathway for the reinforcing effect of drugs of abuse?Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 30
C. Spyraki, H. Fibiger, A. Phillips (1982)
Cocaine-induced place preference conditioning: Lack of effects of neuroleptics and 6-hydroxydopamine lesionsBrain Research, 253
G. Koob, M. Moal (2005)
Plasticity of reward neurocircuitry and the 'dark side' of drug addictionNature Neuroscience, 8
M. Heien, Amina Khan, J. Ariansen, J. Cheer, Paul Phillips, Paul Phillips, K. Wassum, R. Wightman (2005)
Real-time measurement of dopamine fluctuations after cocaine in the brain of behaving rats.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102 29
J. Dalley, Kristjan Lääne, D. Theobald, Hannah Armstrong, P. Corlett, Y. Chudasama, T. Robbins (2005)
Time-limited modulation of appetitive Pavlovian memory by D1 and NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbensProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102
D. Kooy, D. Coscina, T. Hattori (1981)
Is there a non-dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway?Neuroscience, 6
S. Anderson, Ausaf Bari, R. Pierce (2003)
Administration of the D1-like dopamine receptor antagonist SCH-23390 into the medial nucleus accumbens shell attenuates cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in ratsPsychopharmacology, 168
O. Phillipson (1979)
A Golgi study of the ventral tegmental area of Tsai and interfascicular nucleus in the ratJournal of Comparative Neurology, 187
N. Chaudhri, A. Caggiula, E. Donny, Sheri Booth, M. Gharib, Laure Craven, M. Palmatier, Xiu Liu, A. Sved (2006)
Operant responding for conditioned and unconditioned reinforcers in rats is differentially enhanced by the primary reinforcing and reinforcement-enhancing effects of nicotinePsychopharmacology, 189
W. Nauta (1958)
Hippocampal projections and related neural pathways to the midbrain in the cat.Brain : a journal of neurology, 81 3
N. Volkow, J. Fowler, G. Wang (2002)
Role of dopamine in drug reinforcement and addiction in humans: results from imaging studies.Behavioural pharmacology, 13 5-6
L. Swanson, W. Cowan (1975)
The efferent connections of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamusJournal of Comparative Neurology, 160
C. Stumpf
Hermann Von Helmholtz and the new psychology.Psychological Review, 2
O. Millhouse, L. Heimer (1984)
Cell configurations in the olfactory tubercle of the ratJournal of Comparative Neurology, 228
C. Leonard (1972)
The connections of the dorsomedial nuclei.Brain, behavior and evolution, 6 1
L. Swanson (1992)
Brain Maps: Structure of the Rat Brain
P. Voorn, L. Vanderschuren, H. Groenewegen, T. Robbins, C. Pennartz (2004)
Putting a spin on the dorsal–ventral divide of the striatumTrends in Neurosciences, 27
M. Szczypka, Keith Kwok, M. Brot, B. Marck, A. Matsumoto, B. Donahue, R. Palmiter (2001)
Dopamine Production in the Caudate Putamen Restores Feeding in Dopamine-Deficient MiceNeuron, 30
H. Groenewegen (1988)
Organization of the afferent connections of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus in the rat, related to the mediodorsal-prefrontal topographyNeuroscience, 24
T. Robbins (1976)
Relationship between reward-enhancing and stereotypical effects of psychomotor stimulant drugsNature, 264
G. Carr, N. White (2004)
Anatomical disassociation of amphetamine's rewarding and aversive effects: An intracranial microinjection studyPsychopharmacology, 89
G. Paxinos, Charles Watson (1983)
The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
K. Mcfarland, P. Kalivas (2001)
The Circuitry Mediating Cocaine-Induced Reinstatement of Drug-Seeking BehaviorThe Journal of Neuroscience, 21
A. Kelley (2004)
Ventral striatal control of appetitive motivation: role in ingestive behavior and reward-related learningNeuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 27
William Vaughan (1981)
Giving up the ghostBehavioral and Brain Sciences, 7
G. Mogenson, Michael Wu (1988)
Differential effects on locomotor activity of injections of procaine into mediodorsal thalamus and pedunculopontine nucleusBrain Research Bulletin, 20
R. Beckstead, V. Domesick, W. Nauta (1979)
Efferent connections of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area in the ratBrain Research, 175
J. Price, B. Slotnick, M. Revial (1991)
Olfactory projections to the hypothalamusJournal of Comparative Neurology, 306
L. Churchill, D. Zahm, P. Duffy, P. Kalivas (1996)
The mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in rats—II. Behavioral and neurochemical effects of GABA agonistsNeuroscience, 70
J. Scott, Brenda Chafin (1975)
Origin of olfactory projections to lateral hypothalamus and nuclei gemini of the ratBrain Research, 88
J. Stewart, H. Hurwitz (1958)
Studies in Light-Reinforced Behaviour III. the Effect of Continuous, Zero and Fixed-Ratio ReinforcementQuarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 10
R. Rescorla (1988)
Behavioral studies of Pavlovian conditioning.Annual review of neuroscience, 11
E. Gardner (2005)
Endocannabinoid signaling system and brain reward: Emphasis on dopaminePharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 81
S. Ikemoto, J. Panksepp (1999)
The role of nucleus accumbens dopamine in motivated behavior: a unifying interpretation with special reference to reward-seekingBrain Research Reviews, 31
R. Wightman, D. Robinson (2002)
Transient changes in mesolimbic dopamine and their association with ‘reward’Journal of Neurochemistry, 82
A. Dickinson, B. Balleine (1994)
Motivational control of goal-directed actionAnimal Learning & Behavior, 22
T. Robbins, B. Everitt (1982)
Functional studies of the central catecholamines.International review of neurobiology, 23
M. Joseph, K. Datla, A. Young (2003)
The interpretation of the measurement of nucleus accumbens dopamine by in vivo dialysis: the kick, the craving or the cognition?Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 27
R. Wise (2002)
Brain Reward Circuitry Insights from Unsensed IncentivesNeuron, 36
J. Trowill, J. Panksepp, R. Gandelman (1969)
An incentive model of rewarding brain stimulation.Psychological review, 76 3
P. Redgrave, T. Prescott, K. Gurney (1999)
Is the short-latency dopamine response too short to signal reward error?Trends in Neurosciences, 22
F. Russchen, J. Price (1984)
Amygdalostriatal projections in the rat. Topographical organization and fiber morphology shown using the lectin PHA-L as an anterograde tracerNeuroscience Letters, 47
N. Swerdlow, G. Koob (1984)
The neural substrates of apomorphine-stimulated locomotor activity following denervation of the nucleus accumbens.Life sciences, 35 25
D. Rye, C. Saper, Henry Lee, B. Wainer (1987)
Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus of the rat: Cytoarchitecture, cytochemistry, and some extrapyramidal connections of the mesopontine tegmentumJournal of Comparative Neurology, 259
D. McRitchie, C. Hardman, G. Halliday (1996)
Cytoarchitectural distribution of calcium binding proteins in midbrain dopaminergic regions of rats and humansJournal of Comparative Neurology, 364
C. Bolaños, L. Perrotti, Scott Edwards, A. Eisch, M. Barrot, V. Olson, D. Russell, R. Neve, E. Nestler (2003)
Phospholipase Cγ in Distinct Regions of the Ventral Tegmental Area Differentially Modulates Mood-Related BehaviorsThe Journal of Neuroscience, 23
R. Fuchs, K. Evans, Macon Parker, R. See (2004)
Differential involvement of the core and shell subregions of the nucleus accumbens in conditioned cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking in ratsPsychopharmacology, 176
S. Ikemoto, Brian Witkin (2003)
Locomotor inhibition induced by procaine injections into the nucleus accumbens core, but not the medial ventral striatum: Implication for cocaine‐induced locomotionSynapse, 47
Z. Rodd, R. Bell, Ying Zhang, James Murphy, A. Goldstein, A. Zaffaroni, Ting-kai Li, W. Mcbride (2005)
Regional Heterogeneity for the Intracranial Self-Administration of Ethanol and Acetaldehyde within the Ventral Tegmental Area of Alcohol-Preferring (P) Rats: Involvement of Dopamine and SerotoninNeuropsychopharmacology, 30
H. RAMN-MOLINERJ., Nauta Universiti, Bcok Ltrval, Qzrcbec Medccine (1966)
The isodendritic core of the brain stemJournal of Comparative Neurology, 126
Q. Zhou, R. Palmiter (1995)
Dopamine-deficient mice are severely hypoactive, adipsic, and aphagicCell, 83
R. Wise (1982)
Neuroleptics and operant behavior: The anhedonia hypothesisBehavioral and Brain Sciences, 5
G. Harris, M. Wimmer, G. Aston-Jones (2005)
A role for lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons in reward seekingNature, 437
S. Ikemoto, K. Donahue (2005)
A five‐minute, but not a fifteen‐minute, conditioning trial duration induces conditioned place preference for cocaine administration into the olfactory tubercleSynapse, 56
N. Hiroi, N. White (1991)
The amphetamine conditioned place preference: differential involvement of dopamine receptor subtypes and two dopaminergic terminal areasBrain Research, 552
C. Lupica, A. Riegel, A. Hoffman (2004)
Marijuana and cannabinoid regulation of brain reward circuitsBritish Journal of Pharmacology, 143
S. Ikemoto, L. Sharpe (2001)
A head-attachable device for injecting nanoliter volumes of drug solutions into brain sites of freely moving ratsJournal of Neuroscience Methods, 110
R. Bolles (1972)
Reinforcement, expectancy, and learning.Psychological Review, 79
H. Schmidt, S. Anderson, R. Pierce (2006)
Stimulation of D1‐like or D2 dopamine receptors in the shell, but not the core, of the nucleus accumbens reinstates cocaine‐seeking behaviour in the ratEuropean Journal of Neuroscience, 23
S. Ikemoto (2003)
Involvement of the Olfactory Tubercle in Cocaine Reward: Intracranial Self-Administration StudiesThe Journal of Neuroscience, 23
W. Pan, R. Schmidt, J. Wickens, B. Hyland (2005)
Dopamine Cells Respond to Predicted Events during Classical Conditioning: Evidence for Eligibility Traces in the Reward-Learning NetworkThe Journal of Neuroscience, 25
HW Berendse, H. Groenewegen, A. Lohman (1992)
Compartmental distribution of ventral striatal neurons projecting to the mesencephalon in the rat, 12
H. Yin, B. Knowlton, B. Balleine (2005)
Blockade of NMDA receptors in the dorsomedial striatum prevents action–outcome learning in instrumental conditioningEuropean Journal of Neuroscience, 22
J. Wooltorton, V. Pidoplichko, R. Broide, J. Dani (2003)
Differential Desensitization and Distribution of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtypes in Midbrain Dopamine AreasThe Journal of Neuroscience, 23
J. Parkinson, M. Olmstead, L. Burns, T. Robbins, B. Everitt (1999)
Dissociation in Effects of Lesions of the Nucleus Accumbens Core and Shell on Appetitive Pavlovian Approach Behavior and the Potentiation of Conditioned Reinforcement and Locomotor Activity byd-AmphetamineThe Journal of Neuroscience, 19
L. Heimer, L. Záborszky, D. Zahm, D. Zahm, G. Alheid (1987)
The ventral striatopallidothalamic projection: I. The striatopallidal link originating in the striatal parts of the olfactory tubercleJournal of Comparative Neurology, 255
S. Ikemoto (2004)
Unconditional hyperactivity and transient reinforcing effects of NMDA administration into the ventral tegmental area in ratsPsychopharmacology, 172
F. Gonon (1988)
Nonlinear relationship between impulse flow and dopamine released by rat midbrain dopaminergic neurons as studied by in vivo electrochemistryNeuroscience, 24
O. Phillipson, A. Griffiths (1985)
The topographic order of inputs to nucleus accumbens in the ratNeuroscience, 16
R. Sutton, A. Barto (1981)
Toward a modern theory of adaptive networks: expectation and prediction.Psychological review, 88 2
A. Roberts, G. Koob (1997)
The Neurobiology of AddictionAlcohol Health and Research World, 21
J. Liebman, S. Cooper (1989)
The Neuropharmacological basis of reward
D. McGehee, M. Heath, S. Gelber, P. Dévay, L. Role (1995)
Nicotine enhancement of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in CNS by presynaptic receptors.Science, 269 5231
M. Burgess, J. Davis, S. Wilson, T. Borg, W. Burgess, J. Buggy (1993)
Effects of intracranial self-stimulation on selected physiological variables in rats.The American journal of physiology, 264 1 Pt 2
G. Harris, G. Aston-Jones (2006)
Arousal and reward: a dichotomy in orexin functionTrends in Neurosciences, 29
N. Volkow, J. Fowler, Gene-Jack Wang (1999)
Imaging studies on the role of dopamine in cocaine reinforcement and addiction in humansJournal of Psychopharmacology, 13
L. Swanson (1982)
The projections of the ventral tegmental area and adjacent regions: A combined fluorescent retrograde tracer and immunofluorescence study in the ratBrain Research Bulletin, 9
JaneR Taylor, T. Robbins (2004)
6-Hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens, but not of the caudate nucleus, attenuate enhanced responding with reward-related stimuli produced by intra-accumbens d-amphetaminePsychopharmacology, 90
O. Lindvall, O. Lindvall, A. Björklund, A. Björklund, R. Moore, R. Moore, U. Stenevi, U. Stenevi (1974)
Mesencephalic dopamine neurons projecting to neocortex.Brain research, 81 2
H. Pettit, A. Ettenberg, F. Bloom, G. Koob (2004)
Destruction of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens selectively attenuates cocaine but not heroin self-administration in ratsPsychopharmacology, 84
P. Rozin, J. Kalat (1971)
Specific hungers and poison avoidance as adaptive specializations of learning.Psychological review, 78 6
E. Kiyatkin (1995)
Functional significance of mesolimbic dopamineNeuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 19
Y. Mateo, E. Budygin, D. Morgan, D. Roberts, S. Jones (2004)
Fast onset of dopamine uptake inhibition by intravenous cocaineEuropean Journal of Neuroscience, 20
G. Holstege (1991)
Descending motor pathways and the spinal motor system: limbic and non-limbic components.Progress in brain research, 87
J. Staddon, Virginia Simmelhag (1971)
The "supersitition" experiment: A reexamination of its implications for the principles of adaptive behavior.Psychological Review, 78
P. O’Donnell, A. Lavin, L. Enquist, A. Grace, J. Card (1997)
Interconnected Parallel Circuits between Rat Nucleus Accumbens and Thalamus Revealed by Retrograde Transynaptic Transport of Pseudorabies VirusThe Journal of Neuroscience, 17
C. Wyvell, K. Berridge (2001)
Incentive Sensitization by Previous Amphetamine Exposure: Increased Cue-Triggered “Wanting” for Sucrose RewardThe Journal of Neuroscience, 21
E. Tolman (1949)
There is more than one kind of learning.Psychological review, 56 3
L. Churchill, P. Kalivas (1999)
The involvement of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus and the midbrain extrapyramidal area in locomotion elicited from the ventral pallidumBehavioural Brain Research, 104
R. Bandler, P. Carrive, Shi Zhang (1991)
Integration of somatic and autonomic reactions within the midbrain periaqueductal grey: viscerotopic, somatotopic and functional organization.Progress in brain research, 87
B. Skinner (1948)
Superstition in the pigeon.Journal of experimental psychology, 38 2
Chiao Tsai (1925)
The optic tracts and centers of the opossum. Didelphis virginianaJournal of Comparative Neurology, 39
R. Ito, T. Robbins, B. Everitt (2004)
Differential control over cocaine-seeking behavior by nucleus accumbens core and shellNature Neuroscience, 7
M. Gerrits, J. Ree (1996)
Effect of nucleus accumbens dopamine depletion on motivational aspects involved in initiation of cocaine and heroin self-administration in ratsBrain Research, 713
David Williams, H. Williams (1969)
Auto-maintenance in the pigeon: sustained pecking despite contingent non-reinforcement.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 12 4
G. Hernández, Selma Hamdani, H. Rajabi, K. Conover, Jane Stewart, A. Arvanitogiannis, P. Shizgal (2006)
Prolonged rewarding stimulation of the rat medial forebrain bundle: neurochemical and behavioral consequences.Behavioral neuroscience, 120 4
H. Mansvelder, D. McGehee (2000)
Long-Term Potentiation of Excitatory Inputs to Brain Reward Areas by NicotineNeuron, 27
O. Lindvall, A. Björklund (1974)
The organization of the ascending catecholamine neuron systems in the rat brain as revealed by the glyoxylic acid fluorescence method.Acta physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 412
J. Salamone, M. Correa (2002)
Motivational views of reinforcement: implications for understanding the behavioral functions of nucleus accumbens dopamineBehavioural Brain Research, 137
D. Devine, R. Wise (1994)
Self-administration of morphine, DAMGO, and DPDPE into the ventral tegmental area of rats, 14
C. Swanson, S. Heath, T. Stratford, A. Kelley (1997)
Differential Behavioral Responses to Dopaminergic Stimulation of Nucleus Accumbens Subregions in the RatPharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 58
D. Zahm (1989)
The ventral striatopallidal parts of the basal ganglia in the rat—II. Compartmentation of ventral pallidal efferentsNeuroscience, 30
B. Everitt, J. Parkinson, M. Olmstead, M. Arroyo, P. Robledo, T. Robbins (1999)
Associative Processes in Addiction and Reward The Role of Amygdala‐Ventral Striatal SubsystemsAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 877
R. Rescorla, A. Wagner (1972)
A theory of Pavlovian conditioning : Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement
J. Cornish, M. Buuse (1994)
Pressor responses to electrical and chemical stimulation of the rat brain A10 dopaminergic systemNeuroscience Letters, 176
G. Halliday, I. Törk (1986)
Comparative anatomy of the ventromedial mesencephalic tegmentum in the rat, cat, monkey and humanJournal of Comparative Neurology, 252
B. Baldo, A. Kelley (2007)
Discrete neurochemical coding of distinguishable motivational processes: insights from nucleus accumbens control of feedingPsychopharmacology, 191
R. Wise, M. Bozarth (1987)
A psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction.Psychological review, 94 4
Masanaga Ikegami, Y. Ichitani, Tatsuhisa Takahashi, T. Iwasaki (2006)
Compensatory increase in extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of adult rats with neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment.Nihon shinkei seishin yakurigaku zasshi = Japanese journal of psychopharmacology, 26 3
L. Zhou, T. Furuta, T. Kaneko (2003)
Chemical organization of projection neurons in the rat accumbens nucleus and olfactory tubercleNeuroscience, 120
P. Hernandez, K. Sadeghian, A. Kelley (2002)
Early consolidation of instrumental learning requires protein synthesis in the nucleus accumbensNature Neuroscience, 5
W. Corrigall, K. Coen, K. Adamson (1994)
Self-administered nicotine activates the mesolimbic dopamine system through the ventral tegmental areaBrain Research, 653
N. Hiroi, N. White (1991)
The lateral nucleus of the amygdala mediates expression of the amphetamine-produced conditioned place preference, 11
S. Ikemoto, J. Panksepp (1996)
Dissociations between appetitive and consummatory responses by pharmacological manipulations of reward-relevant brain regions.Behavioral neuroscience, 110 2
A. Dahlstroem, K. Fuxe (1964)
EVIDENCE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF MONOAMINE-CONTAINING NEURONS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. I. DEMONSTRATION OF MONOAMINES IN THE CELL BODIES OF BRAIN STEM NEURONS.Acta physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum
S. Geisler, D. Zahm (2005)
Afferents of the ventral tegmental area in the rat‐anatomical substratum for integrative functionsJournal of Comparative Neurology, 490
M. Luskin, J. Price (1983)
The topographic organization of associational fibers of the olfactory system in the rat, including centrifugal fibers to the olfactory bulbJournal of Comparative Neurology, 216
G. Wolterink, G. Phillips, M. Cador, I. Donselaar-Wolterink, T. Robbins, B. Everitt (2005)
Relative roles of ventral striatal D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in responding with conditioned reinforcementPsychopharmacology, 110
H. Mansvelder, J. Keath, D. McGehee (2002)
Synaptic Mechanisms Underlie Nicotine-Induced Excitability of Brain Reward AreasNeuron, 33
L. Lecea, T. Kilduff, C. Peyron, Xiao-Bing Gao, P. Foye, P. Danielson, C. Fukuhara, E. Battenberg, V. Gautvik, F. Bartlett, W. Frankel, A. Pol, F. Bloom, K. Gautvik, J. Sutcliffe (1998)
The hypocretins: hypothalamus-specific peptides with neuroexcitatory activity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95 1
A. Phillips, H. Fibiger (1990)
Role of reward and enhancement of conditioned reward in persistence of responding for cocaine.Behavioural pharmacology, 1 4
C. Saper (2002)
The central autonomic nervous system: conscious visceral perception and autonomic pattern generation.Annual review of neuroscience, 25
J. Krettek, J. Price (1978)
Amygdaloid projections to subcortical structures within the basal forebrain and brainstem in the rat and catJournal of Comparative Neurology, 178
Yukiori Goto, A. Grace (2005)
Dopaminergic modulation of limbic and cortical drive of nucleus accumbens in goal-directed behaviorNature Neuroscience, 8
D. Hebb (1955)
Drives and the C.N.S. (conceptual nervous system).Psychological review, 62 4
K. Johnson, L. Churchill, M. Klitenick, M. Hooks, P. Kalivas (1996)
Involvement of the ventral tegmental area in locomotion elicited from the nucleus accumbens or ventral pallidum.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 277 2
H. Welzl, G. Kuhn, J. Huston (1989)
Self-administration of small amounts of morphine through glass micropipettes into the ventral tegmental area of the ratNeuropharmacology, 28
L. Vanderschuren, B. Everitt (2004)
Drug Seeking Becomes Compulsive After Prolonged Cocaine Self-AdministrationScience, 305
D. Zahm, E. Williams, Christopher Wohltmann (1996)
Ventral striatopallidothalamic projection: IV. Relative involvements of neurochemically distinct subterritories in the ventral pallidum and adjacent parts of the rostroventral forebrainJournal of Comparative Neurology, 364
C. Saper (1995)
The central autonomic system
K. Choi, B. Zarándi, K. Todd, A. Biondo, A. Greenshaw (2000)
Effects of AMPA/kainate receptor blockade on responses to dopamine receptor agonists in the core and shell of the rat nucleus accumbensPsychopharmacology, 150
Stephanie Smith-Roe, A. Kelley (2000)
Coincident Activation of NMDA and Dopamine D1Receptors within the Nucleus Accumbens Core Is Required for Appetitive Instrumental LearningThe Journal of Neuroscience, 20
S. Clarke, J. Trowill (1971)
Sniffing and motivated behavior in the rat.Physiology & behavior, 6 1
C. Heusner, T. Hnasko, M. Szczypka, Yuhong Liu, M. During, R. Palmiter (2003)
Viral restoration of dopamine to the nucleus accumbens is sufficient to induce a locomotor response to amphetamineBrain Research, 980
G. Halliday, I. Törk (1989)
Serotonin-like immunoreactive cells and fibres in the rat ventromedial mesencephalic tegmentumBrain Research Bulletin, 22
G. Meredith, P. Ypma, DS Zahm (1995)
Effects of dopamine depletion on the morphology of medium spiny neurons in the shell and core of the rat nucleus accumbens, 15
R. Moore, F. Bloom (1978)
Central catecholamine neuron systems: anatomy and physiology of the dopamine systems.Annual review of neuroscience, 1
M. Cador, Jane Taylor, Trevor Robbins (2005)
Potentiation of the effects of reward-related stimuli by dopaminergic-dependent mechanisms in the nucleus accumbensPsychopharmacology, 104
D. Zahm, J. Brog (1992)
On the significance of subterritories in the “accumbens” part of the rat ventral striatumNeuroscience, 50
J. Mink (1996)
THE BASAL GANGLIA: FOCUSED SELECTION AND INHIBITION OF COMPETING MOTOR PROGRAMSProgress in Neurobiology, 50
P. Kalivas, P. Duffy (1995)
Selective activation of dopamine transmission in the shell of the nucleus accumbens by stressBrain Research, 675
M. Bozarth, R. Wise (1981)
Intracranial self-administration of morphine into the ventral tegmental area in rats.Life sciences, 28 5
L. Heimer, D. Zahm, L. Schmued (1990)
The basal forebrain projection to the region of the nuclei gemini in the rat; A combined light and electron microscopic study employing horseradish peroxidase, fluorescent tracers and Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutininNeuroscience, 34
D. Zahm, L. Heimer (1987)
The ventral striatopallidothalamic projection. III. Striatal cells of the olfactory tubercle establish direct synaptic contact with ventral pallidal cells projecting to mediodorsal thalamusBrain Research, 404
K. Carr (2002)
Augmentation of drug reward by chronic food restriction Behavioral evidence and underlying mechanismsPhysiology & Behavior, 76
M. DeLong (1990)
Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia originTrends in Neurosciences, 13
S. Ikemoto, M. Qin, Zhong-hua Liu (2006)
Primary Reinforcing Effects of Nicotine Are Triggered from Multiple Regions Both Inside and Outside the Ventral Tegmental AreaThe Journal of Neuroscience, 26
D. Roberts, G. Koob (1982)
Disruption of cocaine self-administration following 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the ventral tegmental area in ratsPharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 17
V. David, M. Besson, J. Changeux, S. Granon, P. Cazala (2006)
Reinforcing effects of nicotine microinjections into the ventral tegmental area of mice: Dependence on cholinergic nicotinic and dopaminergic D1 receptorsNeuropharmacology, 50
C. Spyraki, G. Nomikos, D. Varonos (1987)
Intravenous cocaine-induced place preference: attenuation by haloperidolBehavioural Brain Research, 26
P. Willner (1983)
Dopamine and depression: A review of recent evidence. I. Empirical studiesBrain Research Reviews, 6
V. Pidoplichko, M. Debiasi, John Williams, J. Dani (1997)
Nicotine activates and desensitizes midbrain dopamine neuronsNature, 390
D. Roberts, G. Koob, P. Klonoff, H. Fibiger (1980)
Extinction and recovery of cocaine self-administration following 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbensPharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 12
W. Brown
Animal Intelligence: Experimental StudiesNature, 88
J. Fallon, R. Moore (1978)
Catecholamine innervation of the basal forebrain IV. Topography of the dopamine projection to the basal forebrain and neostriatumJournal of Comparative Neurology, 180
G. Carr, N. White (1983)
Conditioned place preference from intra-accumbens but not intra-caudate amphetamine injections.Life sciences, 33 25
Courtney Miller, J. Marshall (2005)
Molecular Substrates for Retrieval and Reconsolidation of Cocaine-Associated Contextual MemoryNeuron, 47
M. Barrot, M. Marinelli, D. Abrous, F. Rougé-Pont, M. Moal, P. Piazza (2000)
The dopaminergic hyper‐responsiveness of the shell of the nucleus accumbens is hormone‐dependentEuropean Journal of Neuroscience, 12
W. Carlezon, Darragh Devine, Roy Wise (1995)
Habit-forming actions of nomifensine in nucleus accumbensPsychopharmacology, 122
N. White, M. Packard, N. Hiroi (1991)
Place conditioning with dopamine D1 and D2 agonists injected peripherally or into nucleus accumbensPsychopharmacology, 103
A. Graybiel (1998)
The Basal Ganglia and Chunking of Action RepertoiresNeurobiology of Learning and Memory, 70
Beth Wiechman, T. Wood, G. Spratto (1981)
Locomotor activity in morphine-treated rats: Effects of and comparisons between cocaine, procaine, and lidocainePharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 15
Enrico Museo, R. Wise (1994)
Place preference conditioning with ventral tegmental injections of cytisine.Life sciences, 55 15
V. Olson, E. Nestler (2007)
Topographical organization of GABAergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area of the ratSynapse, 61
K. Gysling, Rex Wang (1983)
Morphine-induced activation of A10 dopamine neurons in the ratBrain Research, 277
Janice Janas, J. Stellar (1987)
Effects of knife-cut lesions of the medial forebrain bundle in self-stimulating rats.Behavioral neuroscience, 101 6
S. Ikemoto, J. Panksepp (1994)
The relationship between self-stimulation and sniffing in rats: does a common brain system mediate these behaviors?Behavioural Brain Research, 61
Esther Tan, A. Goodchild, R. Dampney (1983)
INTENSE VASOCONSTRICTION AND BRADYCARDIA EVOKED BY STIMULATION OF NEURONES WITHIN THE MIDBRAIN VENTRAL TEGMENTUM OF THE RABBITClinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 10
G. Mogenson, Douglas Jones, C. Yim (1980)
From motivation to action: Functional interface between the limbic system and the motor systemProgress in Neurobiology, 14
M. Moga, R. Weis, R. Moore (1995)
Efferent projections of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus in the ratJournal of Comparative Neurology, 359
T. Sakurai, A. Amemiya, M. Ishii, I. Matsuzaki, R. Chemelli, Hirokazu Tanaka, S. Williams, J. Richardson, G. Kozlowski, Shelagh Wilson, J. Arch, R. Buckingham, A. Haynes, S. Carr, R. Annan, D. Mcnulty, Wu-Schyong Liu, J. Terrett, N. Elshourbagy, D. Bergsma, M. Yanagisawa (1998)
Orexins and Orexin Receptors: A Family of Hypothalamic Neuropeptides and G Protein-Coupled Receptors that Regulate Feeding BehaviorCell, 92
L. Spina, S. Fenu, R. Longoni, E. Rivas, G. Chiara (2006)
Nicotine-conditioned single-trial place preference: selective role of nucleus accumbens shell dopamine D1 receptors in acquisitionPsychopharmacology, 184
M. Szczypka, Mark Rainey, Douglas Kim, W. Alaynick, B. Marck, Alvin Matsumoto, R. Palmiter (1999)
Feeding behavior in dopamine-deficient mice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96 21
R. Beninger (1983)
The role of dopamine in locomotor activity and learningBrain Research Reviews, 6
U. Ungerstedt (1971)
Stereotaxic mapping of the monoamine pathways in the rat brain.Acta physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 367
C. Darwin (1956)
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
S. Ikemoto, Brian Witkin, M. Morales (2003)
Rewarding injections of the cholinergic agonist carbachol into the ventral tegmental area induce locomotion and c-Fos expression in the retrosplenial area and supramammillary nucleusBrain Research, 969
J. Parkinson, J. Dalley, R. Cardinal, A. Bamford, B. Fehnert, G. Lachenal, N. Rudarakanchana, K. Halkerston, T. Robbins, B. Everitt (2002)
Nucleus accumbens dopamine depletion impairs both acquisition and performance of appetitive Pavlovian approach behaviour: implications for mesoaccumbens dopamine functionBehavioural Brain Research, 137
W. Mcbride, James Murphy, S. Ikemoto (1999)
Localization of brain reinforcement mechanisms: intracranial self-administration and intracranial place-conditioning studiesBehavioural Brain Research, 101
M. Marinelli, C. Rudick, X.-T. Hu, F. White (2006)
Excitability of dopamine neurons: modulation and physiological consequences.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets, 5 1
J. Lago, T. Kosten (1994)
Stimulant withdrawal : Withdrawal syndromeAddiction, 89
C. Spyraki, H. Fibiger, A. Phillips (1982)
Dopaminergic substrates of amphetamine-induced place preference conditioningBrain Research, 253
V. Olson, C. Zabetian, C. Bolaños, Scott Edwards, M. Barrot, A. Eisch, Thomas Hughes, D. Self, R. Neve, E. Nestler (2005)
Regulation of Drug Reward by cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein: Evidence for Two Functionally Distinct Subregions of the Ventral Tegmental AreaThe Journal of Neuroscience, 25
ß Federation of European Neuroscience Societies REVIEW ARTICLE Dopamine gating of forebrain neural ensembles
M. Cole (2003)
Amphetamine and Related Compounds
J. Panksepp (1998)
Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions
B. Knowlton, Jennifer Mangels, L. Squire (1996)
A Neostriatal Habit Learning System in HumansScience, 273
L. Corbit, J. Muir, B. Balleine (2001)
The Role of the Nucleus Accumbens in Instrumental Conditioning: Evidence of a Functional Dissociation between Accumbens Core and ShellThe Journal of Neuroscience, 21
T. Robbins (2004)
The potentiation of conditioned reinforcement by psychomotor stimulant drugs. A Test of Hill's HypothesisPsychopharmacologia, 45
J. Hall, J. Parkinson, Thomas Connor, A. Dickinson, B. Everitt (2001)
Involvement of the central nucleus of the amygdala and nucleus accumbens core in mediating Pavlovian influences on instrumental behaviourEuropean Journal of Neuroscience, 13
O. Phillipson (1979)
Afferent projections to the ventral tegmental area of Tsai and interfascicular nucleus: A horseradish peroxidase study in the ratJournal of Comparative Neurology, 187
G. Phillips, E. Setzu, P. Hitchcott (2003)
Facilitation of appetitive pavlovian conditioning by d-amphetamine in the shell, but not the core, of the nucleus accumbens.Behavioral neuroscience, 117 4
W. Schultz (2002)
Getting Formal with Dopamine and RewardNeuron, 36
M. Wallace, G. Singer, J. Finlay, S. Gibson (1983)
The effect of 6-OHDA lesions of the nucleus accumbens septum on schedule-induced drinking, wheelrunning and corticosterone levels in the ratPharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 18
R. Hasue, S. Shammah-Lagnado (2002)
Origin of the dopaminergic innervation of the central extended amygdala and accumbens shell: A combined retrograde tracing and immunohistochemical study in the ratJournal of Comparative Neurology, 454
U. Maskos, B. Molles, S. Pons, M. Besson, M. Besson, B. Guiard, J. Guilloux, A. Evrard, P. Cazala, A. Cormier, M. Mameli-Engvall, N. Dufour, I. Cloëz-Tayarani, A. Bemelmans, Jacques Mallet, A. Gardier, V. David, P. Faure, S. Granon, J. Changeux (2005)
Nicotine reinforcement and cognition restored by targeted expression of nicotinic receptorsNature, 436
S. Anderson, H. Schmidt, R. Pierce (2006)
Administration of the D2 Dopamine Receptor Antagonist Sulpiride into the Shell, but not the Core, of the Nucleus Accumbens Attenuates Cocaine Priming-Induced Reinstatement of Drug SeekingNeuropsychopharmacology, 31
M. Pezze, J. Feldon, (2004)
Mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways in fear conditioningProgress in Neurobiology, 74
Satoshi Ikemoto, James Murphy, W. McBride (1997)
Self-infusion of GABA(A) antagonists directly into the ventral tegmental area and adjacent regions.Behavioral neuroscience, 111 2
J. Parkinson, Pamela Willoughby, T. Robbins, B. Everitt (2000)
Disconnection of the anterior cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens core impairs Pavlovian approach behavior: further evidence for limbic cortical-ventral striatopallidal systems.Behavioral neuroscience, 114 1
J. Cornish, M. Buuse (1995)
Stimulation of the rat mesolimbic dopaminergic system produces a pressor response which is mediated by dopamine D-1 and D-2 receptor activation and the release of vasopressinBrain Research, 701
Stefan Brudzyn´ski, G. Mogenson (1985)
Association of the mesencephalic locomotor region with locomotor activity induced by injections of amphetamine into the nucleus accumbensBrain Research, 334
J. Scott, C. Leonard (1971)
The olfactory connections of the lateral hypothalamus in the rat, mouse and hamsterJournal of Comparative Neurology, 141
C. Peyron, Devin Tighe, A. Pol, A. Pol, L. Lecea, H. Heller, J. Sutcliffe, T. Kilduff (1998)
Neurons Containing Hypocretin (Orexin) Project to Multiple Neuronal SystemsThe Journal of Neuroscience, 18
P. Voorn, G. Docter (1992)
A rostrocaudal gradient in the synthesis of enkephalin in nucleus accumbensNeuroReport, 3
J. Blackburn, J. Pfaus, A. Phillips (1992)
Dopamine functions in appetitive and defensive behavioursProgress in Neurobiology, 39
S. Glickman, B. Schiff (1967)
A biological theory of reinforcement.Psychological review, 74 2
J. Büttner-Ennever, Anja Horn (1955)
Cytoarchitecture of the Human Brain StemJournal of Anatomy, 89
Okihide Hikosaka (1998)
Neural systems for control of voluntary action--a hypothesis.Advances in biophysics, 35
Richard Newman, S. Winans (1980)
An experimental study of the ventral striatum of the golden hamster. II. Neuronal connections of the olfactory tubercleJournal of Comparative Neurology, 191
J. Cheer, M. Heien, P. Garris, R. Carelli, R. Wightman (2005)
Simultaneous dopamine and single-unit recordings reveal accumbens GABAergic responses: implications for intracranial self-stimulation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102 52
J. Arnt, J. Scheel‐Krüger (1979)
GABA in the ventral tegmental area: differential regional effects on locomotion, aggression and food intake after microinjection of GABA agonists and antagonists.Life sciences, 25 15
G. Paxinos (1985)
The Rat nervous system
Sheila Reynolds, K. Berridge (2002)
Positive and Negative Motivation in Nucleus Accumbens Shell: Bivalent Rostrocaudal Gradients for GABA-Elicited Eating, Taste “Liking”/“Disliking” Reactions, Place Preference/Avoidance, and FearThe Journal of Neuroscience, 22
S. Ikemoto, N. Goeders (1998)
Microinjections of dopamine agonists and cocaine elevate plasma corticosterone: dissociation effects among the ventral and dorsal striatum and medial prefrontal cortexBrain Research, 814
A. Spring, W. Winkelmüller (1975)
Ventral midbrain stimulation, blood pressure responses and their relation to the dopaminergic nigro-striatal pathwaysPflügers Archiv, 358
S. Ikemoto (2002)
Ventral striatal anatomy of locomotor activity induced by cocaine, D-amphetamine, dopamine and D1/D2 agonists 1 1 Part of the present results was presented at the 29th meeting of the Society for Neuroscience at Miami Beach, FL, USA, 1999.Neuroscience, 113
A. Zangen, S. Ikemoto, J. Zadina, R. Wise (2002)
Rewarding and Psychomotor Stimulant Effects of Endomorphin-1: Anteroposterior Differences within the Ventral Tegmental Area and Lack of Effect in Nucleus AccumbensThe Journal of Neuroscience, 22
H. Yin, B. Knowlton (2002)
Reinforcer devaluation abolishes conditioned cue preference: evidence for stimulus-stimulus associations.Behavioral neuroscience, 116 1
Z. Rodd, R. Bell, K. Kuc, Ying Zhang, James Murphy, W. Mcbride (2005)
Intracranial Self-Administration of Cocaine within the Posterior Ventral Tegmental Area of Wistar Rats: Evidence for Involvement of Serotonin-3 Receptors and Dopamine NeuronsJournal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 313
H. Berendse, H. Groenewegen (1990)
Organization of the thalamostriatal projections in the rat, with special emphasis on the ventral striatumJournal of Comparative Neurology, 299
Iwao Usuda, Koichii Tanaka, T. Chiba (1998)
Efferent projections of the nucleus accumbens in the rat with special reference to subdivision of the nucleus: biotinylated dextran amine studyBrain Research, 797
S. Nicola, D. Surmeier, R. Malenka (2000)
Dopaminergic modulation of neuronal excitability in the striatum and nucleus accumbens.Annual review of neuroscience, 23
Briar Thompson, Kevin Leonard, S. Brudzyński (2006)
Amphetamine-induced 50kHz calls from rat nucleus accumbens: A quantitative mapping study and acoustic analysisBehavioural Brain Research, 168
P. Young (1959)
The role of affective processes in learning and motivation.Psychological review, 66 2
P. Garris, M. Kilpatrick, M. Bunin, D. Michael, Q. Walker, R. Wightman (1999)
Dissociation of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens from intracranial self-stimulationNature, 398
S. Floresco, J. Seamans, A. Phillips (1996)
A selective role for dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of the rat in random foraging but not delayed spatial win-shift-based foragingBehavioural Brain Research, 80
Z. Sarnyai, Y. Shaham, S. Heinrichs (2001)
The role of corticotropin-releasing factor in drug addiction.Pharmacological reviews, 53 2
M. Marinelli, P. Piazza (2002)
Interaction between glucocorticoid hormones, stress and psychostimulant drugs *European Journal of Neuroscience, 16
Sue Perks, P. Clifton (1997)
Reinforcer revaluation and conditioned place preferencePhysiology & Behavior, 61
S. Ikemoto, B. Glazier, James Murphy, W. Mcbride (1997)
Role of Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptors in the Nucleus Accumbens in Mediating RewardThe Journal of Neuroscience, 17
D. Fiorino, A. Coury, H. Fibiger, A. Phillips (1993)
Electrical stimulation of reward sites in the ventral tegmental area increases dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens of the ratBehavioural Brain Research, 55
L. Swanson, L. Swanson, G. Mogenson, G. Mogenson, C. Gerfen, C. Gerfen, P. Robinson, P. Robinson (1984)
Evidence for a projection from the lateral preoptic area and substantia innominata to the ‘mesencephalic locomotor region’ in the ratBrain Research, 295
Brown (1968)
Autoshaping of the pigeon's keypeckJ. Exp. Anal. Psychol., 11
C. Saper, T. Scammell, Jun Lu (2005)
Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythmsNature, 437
H. Yin, B. Knowlton (2006)
The role of the basal ganglia in habit formationNature Reviews Neuroscience, 7
C. Hubner, G. Koob (1990)
The ventral pallidum plays a role in mediating cocaine and heroin self-administration in the ratBrain Research, 508
S. Haber (2003)
The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networksJournal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 26
T. Robbins, G. Koob (1980)
Selective disruption of displacement behaviour by lesions of the mesolimbic dopamine systemNature, 285
W. Carlezon, C. Haile, R. Coppersmith, Y. Hayashi, R. Malinow, R. Neve, E. Nestler (2000)
Distinct Sites of Opiate Reward and Aversion within the Midbrain Identified Using a Herpes Simplex Virus Vector Expressing GluR1The Journal of Neuroscience, 20
A. Kelley, V. Domesick (1982)
The distribution of the projection from the hippocampal formation to the nucleus accumbens in the rat: An anterograde and retrograde-horseradish peroxidase studyNeuroscience, 7
G. Koob, M. Moal (1997)
Drug abuse: hedonic homeostatic dysregulation.Science, 278 5335
H. Berendse, Y. Graaf, H. Groenewegen (1992)
Topographical organization and relationship with ventral striatal compartments of prefrontal corticostriatal projections in the ratJournal of Comparative Neurology, 316
A. Kelley, J. Delfs (2005)
Dopamine and conditioned reinforcementPsychopharmacology, 103
V. David, P. Cazala (1994)
A comparative study of self-administration of morphine into the amygdala and the ventral tegmental area in miceBehavioural Brain Research, 65
G. Chiara (2002)
Nucleus accumbens shell and core dopamine: differential role in behavior and addictionBehavioural Brain Research, 137
D. Joel, I. Weiner (1994)
The organization of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: Open interconnected rather than closed segregatedNeuroscience, 63
Neal Swerdlow, George Koob (1987)
Lesions of the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus, medial prefrontal cortex and pedunculopontine nucleus: effects on locomotor activity mediated by nucleus accumbens-ventral pallidal circuitryBrain Research, 412
S. Ikemoto, James Murphy, W. Mcbride (1998)
Regional Differences Within the Rat Ventral Tegmental Area for Muscimol Self-InfusionsPharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 61
N. Swerdlow, L. Swanson, G. Koob (1984)
Substantia innominata: Critical link in the behavioral expression of mesolimbic dopamine stimulation in the ratNeuroscience Letters, 50
L. Heimer, G. Alheid, de Js, H. Groenewegen, Suzanne Haber, Richard Harlan, D. Zahm (1997)
The accumbens: beyond the core-shell dichotomy.The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 9 3
H. Steinbusch (1981)
Distribution of serotonin-immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat—Cell bodies and terminalsNeuroscience, 6
N. White (1989)
Reward or reinforcement: What's the difference?Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 13
H. Groenewegen, C. Wright, ARNO Beijer, P. Voorn (1999)
Convergence and Segregation of Ventral Striatal Inputs and OutputsAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 877
D. Zahm, L. Záborszky, G. Alheid, L. Heimer (1987)
The ventral striatopallidothalamic projection: II. The ventral pallidothalamic linkJournal of Comparative Neurology, 255
Bindra (1972)
A unified account of classical conditioning and operant training
A. Cools (1980)
Role of the neostriatal dopaminergic activity in sequencing and selecting behavioural strategies: Facilitation of processes involved in selecting the best strategy in a stressful situationBehavioural Brain Research, 1
E. Thorndike (1898)
“Animal Intelligence”Nature, 58
S. Ikemoto, R. Wise (2002)
Rewarding Effects of the Cholinergic Agents Carbachol and Neostigmine in the Posterior Ventral Tegmental AreaThe Journal of Neuroscience, 22
S. Ikemoto, M. Qin, Zhong-hua Liu (2005)
The Functional Divide for Primary Reinforcement of D-Amphetamine Lies between the Medial and Lateral Ventral Striatum: Is the Division of the Accumbens Core, Shell, and Olfactory Tubercle Valid?The Journal of Neuroscience, 25
G. Phillips, T. Robbins, B. Everitt (1994)
Bilateral intra-accumbens self-administration ofd-amphetamine: Antagonism with intra-accumbens SCH-23390 and sulpiridePsychopharmacology, 114
H. Groenewegen, H. Berendse, S. Haber (1993)
Organization of the output of the ventral striatopallidal system in the rat: Ventral pallidal efferentsNeuroscience, 57
E. Kiaytkin (1988)
Functional properties of presumed dopamine-containing and other ventral tegmental area neurons in conscious rats.The International journal of neuroscience, 42 1-2
Laurie Sellings, Lindsey McQuade, P. Clarke (2006)
Characterization of dopamine-dependent rewarding and locomotor stimulant effects of intravenously-administered methylphenidate in ratsNeuroscience, 141
E. Donny, N. Chaudhri, A. Caggiula, F. Evans-Martin, Sheri Booth, M. Gharib, Laure Clements, A. Sved (2003)
Operant responding for a visual reinforcer in rats is enhanced by noncontingent nicotine: implications for nicotine self-administration and reinforcementPsychopharmacology, 169
D. Jones, G. Mogenson (1980)
Nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus GABA projection subserving ambulatory activity.The American journal of physiology, 238 1
A. Zangen, M. Solinas, S. Ikemoto, S. Goldberg, R. Wise (2006)
Two Brain Sites for Cannabinoid RewardThe Journal of Neuroscience, 26
J. Burgdorf, Brian Knutson, J. Panksepp, S. Ikemoto (2001)
Nucleus accumbens amphetamine microinjections unconditionally elicit 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in rats.Behavioral neuroscience, 115 4
W. Lyness, N. Friedle, K. Moore (1979)
Destruction of dopaminergic nerve terminals in nucleus accumbens: Effect on d-amphetamine self-administrationPharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 11
(1998)
What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?
M. Klitenick, P. Kalivas (1994)
Behavioral and neurochemical studies of opioid effects in the pedunculopontine nucleus and mediodorsal thalamus.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 269 1
G. Stuber, M. Roitman, P. Phillips, R. Carelli, R. Wightman (2005)
Rapid Dopamine Signaling in the Nucleus Accumbens during Contingent and Noncontingent Cocaine AdministrationNeuropsychopharmacology, 30
L. McCullough, J. Salamone (1992)
Involvement of nucleus accumbens dopamine in the motor activity induced by periodic food presentation: a microdialysis and behavioral studyBrain Research, 592
S. Haber, J. Fudge (1997)
The primate substantia nigra and VTA: integrative circuitry and function.Critical reviews in neurobiology, 11 4
C. Yardley, S. Hilton (1986)
The hypothalamic and brainstem areas from which the cardiovascular and behavioural components of the defence reaction are elicited in the rat.Journal of the autonomic nervous system, 15 3
J. Siegel (2004)
Hypocretin (orexin): role in normal behavior and neuropathology.Annual review of psychology, 55
G. Phillips, S. Howes, R. Whitelaw, T. Robbins, B. Everitt (1994)
Isolation rearing impairs the reinforcing efficacy of intravenous cocaine or intra-accumbensd-amphetamine: impaired response to intra-accumbens D1 and D2/D3 dopamine receptor antagonistsPsychopharmacology, 115
L. Heimer, D. Zahm, L. Churchill, P. Kalivas, C. Wohltmann (1991)
Specificity in the projection patterns of accumbal core and shell in the ratNeuroscience, 41
JaneR Taylor, T. Robbins (2004)
Enhanced behavioural control by conditioned reinforcers following microinjections of d-amphetamine into the nucleus accumbensPsychopharmacology, 84
Eileen Joyce, George Koob, Robert Strecker, S. Iversen, F. Bloom (1981)
The behavioural effects of enkephalin analogues injected into the ventral tegmental area and globus pallidusBrain Research, 221
N. Goeders (2002)
The HPA axis and cocaine reinforcementPsychoneuroendocrinology, 27
S. Miller, J. Konorski (1969)
On a particular form of conditioned reflex.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 12 1
James Ray, J. Price (1992)
The organization of the thalamocortical connections of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus in the rat, related to the ventral forebrain–prefrontal cortex topographyJournal of Comparative Neurology, 323
Z. Rodd-Henricks, D. McKinzie, Robert Crile, James Murphy, W. Mcbride (2000)
Regional heterogeneity for the intracranial self-administration of ethanol within the ventral tegmental area of female Wistar ratsPsychopharmacology, 149
W. Schultz (1998)
Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons.Journal of neurophysiology, 80 1
T. Leontovich, G. Zhukova (1963)
The specificity of the neuronal structure and topography of the reticular formation in the brain and spinal cord of carnivoraJournal of Comparative Neurology, 121
W. Nauta (1956)
An experimental study of the fornix system in the ratJournal of Comparative Neurology, 104
C. Clemedson, Arne Junsson (1964)
DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF CHEST WALL AND LUNG INJURIES IN RABBITS EXPOSED TO AIR SHOCK WAVES OF SHORT DURATION.Acta physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum
J. Papez (1932)
The thalamic nuclei of the nine‐banded armadillo (tatusia novemcincta)Journal of Comparative Neurology, 56
L. Heimer (1978)
The Olfactory Cortex and the Ventral Striatum
S. Hilton (1982)
The defence-arousal system and its relevance for circulatory and respiratory control.The Journal of experimental biology, 100
T. Robinson, K. Berridge (1993)
The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addictionBrain Research Reviews, 18
K. Breland, M. Breland (1961)
The misbehavior of organisms.American Psychologist, 16
K. Mcfarland, A. Ettenberg (1995)
Haloperidol differentially affects reinforcement and motivational processes in rats running an alley for intravenous heroinPsychopharmacology, 122
V. Deroche-Gamonet, D. Belin, P. Piazza (2004)
Evidence for Addiction-like Behavior in the RatScience, 305
G. Stuber, R. Wightman, R. Carelli (2005)
Extinction of Cocaine Self-Administration Reveals Functionally and Temporally Distinct Dopaminergic Signals in the Nucleus AccumbensNeuron, 46
G. Koob, M. Moal (2001)
Drug Addiction, Dysregulation of Reward, and AllostasisNeuropsychopharmacology, 24
W. Craig (1917)
Appetites and Aversions as Constituents of Instincts.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 3 12
N. White (1997)
Mnemonic functions of the basal gangliaCurrent Opinion in Neurobiology, 7
M. Suaud-Chagny, K. Chergui, Guy Chouvet, F. Gonon (1992)
Relationship between dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens and the discharge activity of dopaminergic neurons during local in vivo application of amino acids in the ventral tegmental areaNeuroscience, 49
E. Taber (1961)
The cytoarchitecture of the brain stem of the cat. I. Brain stem nuclei of catJournal of Comparative Neurology, 116
A. Markou, T. Kosten, G. Koob (1998)
Neurobiological Similarities in Depression and Drug Dependence: A Self-Medication HypothesisNeuropsychopharmacology, 18
H. Groenewegen, E. Zee, A. Kortschot, M. Witter (1987)
Organization of the projections from the subiculum to the ventral striatum in the rat. A study using anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutininNeuroscience, 23
U. Shalev, Jeffrey Grimm, Y. Shaham (2002)
Neurobiology of Relapse to Heroin and Cocaine Seeking: A ReviewPharmacological Reviews, 54
M. Klitenick, D. Wirtshafter (1988)
Comparative studies of the ingestive behaviors produced by microinjections of muscimol into the midbrain raphe nuclei of the ventral tegmental area of the rat.Life sciences, 42 7
R. Bachtell, Kim Whisler, D. Karanian, D. Self (2005)
Effects of intranucleus accumbens shell administration of dopamine agonists and antagonists on cocaine-taking and cocaine-seeking behaviors in the ratPsychopharmacology, 183
J. Panksepp (1982)
Toward a general psychobiological theory of emotionsBehavioral and Brain Sciences, 5
J. Salamone (1994)
The involvement of nucleus accumbens dopamine in appetitive and aversive motivationBehavioural Brain Research, 61
T. Sharp, T. Zetterström, T. Ljungberg, U. Ungerstedt (1987)
A direct comparison of amphetamine-induced behaviours and regional brain dopamine release in the rat using intracerebral dialysisBrain Research, 401
P. Shepard, G. Mihailoff, D. German (1988)
Anatomical and electrophysiological characterization of presumed dopamine-containing neurons within the supramammillary region of the ratBrain Research Bulletin, 20
W. Nauta, W. Nauta, G. Smith, R. Faull, V. Domesick, V. Domesick (1978)
Efferent connections and nigral afferents of the nucleus accumbens septi in the ratNeuroscience, 3
G. Carr, H. Fibiger, A. Phillips (1989)
Conditioned place preference as a measure of drug reward.
D. Carter, H. Fibiger (1977)
Ascending projections of presumed dopamine-containing neurons in the ventral tegmentum of the rat as demonstrated by horseradish peroxidaseNeuroscience, 2
L. Swanson, B. Hartman (1975)
The central adrenergic system. An immunofluorescence study of the location of cell bodies and their efferent connections in the rat utilizing dopamine‐B‐hydroxylase as a markerJournal of Comparative Neurology, 163
S. Caine, G. Koob (1994)
Effects of mesolimbic dopamine depletion on responding maintained by cocaine and food.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 61 2
M. Reith, B. Meisler, A. Lajtha (1985)
Locomotor effects of cocaine, cocaine congeners, and local anesthetics in micePharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 23
S. Boye, R. Grant, P. Clarke (2001)
Disruption of dopaminergic neurotransmission in nucleus accumbens core inhibits the locomotor stimulant effects of nicotine and d-amphetamine in ratsNeuropharmacology, 40
Ausaf Bari, R. Pierce (2005)
D1-like and D2 dopamine receptor antagonists administered into the shell subregion of the rat nucleus accumbens decrease cocaine, but not food, reinforcementNeuroscience, 135
L. Swanson (1976)
An autoradiographic study of the efferent connections of the preoptic region in the ratJournal of Comparative Neurology, 167
A. Black, W. Prokasy (1972)
Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory.
Neal Swerdlow, L. Swanson, George Koob (1984)
Electrolytic lesions of the substantia innominata and lateral preoptic area attenuate the ‘supersensitive’ locomotor response to apomorphine resulting from denervation of the nucleus accumbensBrain Research, 306
Z. Rodd-Henricks, D. McKinzie, Ting-kai Li, James Murphy, W. Mcbride (2002)
Cocaine Is Self-Administered into the Shell but Not the Core of the Nucleus Accumbens of Wistar RatsJournal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 303
O. Phillipson (1979)
The cytoarchitecture of the interfascicular nucleus and ventral tegmental area of tsai in the ratJournal of Comparative Neurology, 187
W. Nauta (1960)
Limbic system and hypothalamus: anatomical aspects.Physiological reviews. Supplement, 4
C. Wyvell, K. Berridge (2000)
Intra-Accumbens Amphetamine Increases the Conditioned Incentive Salience of Sucrose Reward: Enhancement of Reward “Wanting” without Enhanced “Liking” or Response ReinforcementThe Journal of Neuroscience, 20
C. Stern (1986)
Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy Methods in Chemical Neuroanatomy. Edited by A. Bjorklund and T. Hokfelt. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1983. Cloth bound, 548 pp. UK £140. (Volume 1 in the series).Neurochemistry International, 8
R. Steinpreis, J. Salamone (1993)
The role of nucleus accumbens dopamine in the neurochemical and behavioral effects of phencyclidine: a microdialysis and behavioral studyBrain Research, 612
Gloria Meredith, R. Agolia, M. Arts, H. Groenewegen, D. Zahm (1992)
Morphological differences between projection neurons of the core and shell in the nucleus accumbens of the ratNeuroscience, 50
J. Stewart, H. Wit, R. Eikelboom (1984)
Role of unconditioned and conditioned drug effects in the self-administration of opiates and stimulants.Psychological review, 91 2
B. Everitt, T. Robbins (2005)
Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsionNature Neuroscience, 8
Paolo Calabresi, M. Lacey, R. North (1989)
Nicotinic excitation of rat ventral tegmental neurones in vitro studied by intracellular recordingBritish Journal of Pharmacology, 98
R. Matthews, D. German (1984)
Electrophysiological evidence for excitation of rat ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons by morphineNeuroscience, 11
W. Riffee, T. Ludden, R. Wilcox, M. Gerald (1978)
Brain and plasma concentrations of amphetamine isomers in mice.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 206 3
S. Fenu, L. Spina, E. Rivas, R. Longoni, G. Chiara (2006)
Morphine-conditioned single-trial place preference: role of nucleus accumbens shell dopamine receptors in acquisition, but not expressionPsychopharmacology, 187
S. Ikemoto, R. Wise (2004)
Mapping of chemical trigger zones for rewardNeuropharmacology, 47
S. Ikemoto, Brian Witkin, A. Zangen, R. Wise (2004)
Rewarding Effects of AMPA Administration into the Supramammillary or Posterior Hypothalamic Nuclei But Not the Ventral Tegmental AreaThe Journal of Neuroscience, 24
Laurie Sellings, Lindsey McQuade, P. Clarke (2006)
Evidence for Multiple Sites within Rat Ventral Striatum Mediating Cocaine-Conditioned Place Preference and Locomotor ActivationJournal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 317
R. Vertes (1992)
PHA‐L analysis of projections from the supramammillary nucleus in the ratJournal of Comparative Neurology, 326
E. Hearst, H. Jenkins (1974)
Sign-tracking : the stimulus-reinforcer relation and directed action
W. Corrigall, K. Franklin, K. Coen, P. Clarke (2005)
The mesolimbic dopaminergic system is implicated in the reinforcing effects of nicotinePsychopharmacology, 107
G. Koob (1992)
Drugs of abuse: anatomy, pharmacology and function of reward pathways.Trends in pharmacological sciences, 13 5
Brain Research Reviews – Unpaywall
Published: May 19, 2007
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.