Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 7-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Metabolic Coupling Factors in Pancreatic β-Cell Signal Transduction

Metabolic Coupling Factors in Pancreatic β-Cell Signal Transduction This chapter focuses on the biochemical mechanisms that mediate glucose­ (GSIS) fro m p-cells of the islets of Langerhans and the potentiating role played by fatty acids. We summarize evidence sup­ porting the idea that glucose metabolism is required for GSIS and that the GLUT-2 fa c i l itated glucose transporter and the glucose phosphorylating en­ zyme glucokinase play important roles in measuring changes in extracellular glucose concentration. The idea that glucose metabolism is linked to insulin stimulated insulin secretion 0066-4154/9510701 -0689$05.00 NEWGARD & MCGARRY secretion through a sequence of events involving changes in ATP:ADP ratio, inhibition of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, and activation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is critically reviewed, and the relative importance of ATP generated from glycolytic versus mitochondrial metabolism is evaluated. We also present the growing concept that an important signal for insulin secretion may reside at the linkage between glucose and lipid metabolism, specifically the genera­ tion of the regulatory molecule malonyl CoA that promotes fatty acid esteri­ fication and inhibits oxidation. Finally, we show that in contrast to its short term potentiating effect on GSIS, long-term exposure of islets to high levels of fatty acids results in p-cell dysfunction, suggesting that hyperlipidemia http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Annual Review of Biochemistry Annual Reviews

Metabolic Coupling Factors in Pancreatic β-Cell Signal Transduction

Newgard, B C; McGarry, J D
Annual Review of Biochemistry , Volume 64 (1) – Jul 1, 1995
Download PDF
31 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/annual-reviews/metabolic-coupling-factors-in-pancreatic-cell-signal-transduction-s2xkFeDkM8

References

References for this paper are not available at this time. We will be adding them shortly, thank you for your patience.

Publisher
Annual Reviews
Copyright
Copyright 1995 Annual Reviews. All rights reserved
Subject
Review Articles
ISSN
0066-4154
eISSN
1545-4509
DOI
10.1146/annurev.bi.64.070195.003353
pmid
7574498
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the biochemical mechanisms that mediate glucose­ (GSIS) fro m p-cells of the islets of Langerhans and the potentiating role played by fatty acids. We summarize evidence sup­ porting the idea that glucose metabolism is required for GSIS and that the GLUT-2 fa c i l itated glucose transporter and the glucose phosphorylating en­ zyme glucokinase play important roles in measuring changes in extracellular glucose concentration. The idea that glucose metabolism is linked to insulin stimulated insulin secretion 0066-4154/9510701 -0689$05.00 NEWGARD & MCGARRY secretion through a sequence of events involving changes in ATP:ADP ratio, inhibition of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, and activation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is critically reviewed, and the relative importance of ATP generated from glycolytic versus mitochondrial metabolism is evaluated. We also present the growing concept that an important signal for insulin secretion may reside at the linkage between glucose and lipid metabolism, specifically the genera­ tion of the regulatory molecule malonyl CoA that promotes fatty acid esteri­ fication and inhibits oxidation. Finally, we show that in contrast to its short term potentiating effect on GSIS, long-term exposure of islets to high levels of fatty acids results in p-cell dysfunction, suggesting that hyperlipidemia

Journal

Annual Review of Biochemistry – Annual Reviews

Published: Jul 1, 1995

There are no references for this article.