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Description of the Coast of North and South Guinea, and of Ethiopia Inferior, Vulgarly Angola
The earliest four cover the time span from 1692-1735
The most noteworthy common characteristics seem to be the enclitic vowel ( goodee , grandee) and simple no negation
R. Mcdavid, Virginia Mcdavid (1951)
The Relationship of the Speech of American Negroes to the Speech of WhitesAmerican Speech, 26
(1920)
See also Dillard, p. 97, citing Henry Bolingbroke, A Voyage to Demerary (Philadelphia, 1813), p. 141: Even as late as the early nineteenth century, slaves arrived speaking
Issues in the of Nonstandard A Review of J. L. Analysis Negro English: and States Dillard’s Black Its in the United English: History Usage Sarah G. D’Eloia by Black House: is a for en- I. English (Random 1972) plea linguistically the attitudes. Since it is addressed to primarily general educator, lightened covers familiar to the cultural it concepts relativism, linguis- many linguist: the and of a tic relativism, assumptions procedures language history. Specifi- Dillard wishes to counter the notion that &dquo;Black lan- cally, English&dquo; (or any &dquo; is or or and to &dquo;illogical&dquo; grammatically conceptually &dquo;deficient, give guage) &dquo;Black English&dquo; nationalistically respectable history. Dillard that the differences between &dquo;Black and other dia- argues English&dquo; of and lects American result from the influence of African English directly pid- that Blacks to the United and that an African cre- gin languages brought States, ole or African substratum is the kind of historical hypothesis only explanation which can a basis for for the one &dquo;provide linguistic dignity Negro... the only consistent with Black With these he de- self-respect.&dquo; (10-11)1 objectives, scribes several historical for &dquo;Black out similarities stages English,&dquo; pointing to and from other African and that historical dif- divergenees creoles, argues
Journal of English Linguistics – SAGE
Published: Mar 1, 1973
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