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SOCIAL NETWORKS AND SOCIAL SUPPORT

SOCIAL NETWORKS AND SOCIAL SUPPORT Copyedited by: OUP 362 The Gerontological Society of America of examining the potentially beneficial role of oxytocin studying the joint influence of positive and negative social on perceptions of trustworthiness in aging. In the present exchange on mental health in Japanese older adults. study, 48 young and 54 older participants evaluated the trustworthiness of young and older male and female unfa- AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY ON OLDER PERSON’S miliar faces, while undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. REGULAR USE OF A SOCIALIZATION PLACE IN THE Participants were randomly assigned to either self-administer SUBURB OF TOKYO intranasal oxytocin or a placebo before engagement in the H. Matsumoto, M. Kageyama, N. Yamamoto-Mitani, task. Behavioral analysis suggested that female faces were S. Nagata, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan generally rated as more trustworthy than male faces. This Introduction: Building and maintaining social rela- effect was particularly pronounced in older participants in tionships are central to the well-being of senior citizens. the oxytocin group but young participants in the placebo Socialization places (SPs), alternative models to senior cent- group. Functional connectivity analysis between amygdala ers and third places, are one of multiple interventions used and prefrontal cortex is currently underway and will identify to enrich social relationships. However, little is known about the underlying brain mechanism of oxytocin’s effect on trust- these places. Design and methods: An ethnographic study worthiness perceptions. Findings from this study emphasize was conducted over nine months in an SP in suburban semi- the importance of considering age and sex of participants public housing, in Tokyo. Data from participant observation, and faces when examining effects of oxytocin on perceptions formal and informal interviews, and related documents were of facial trustworthiness. Results will be discussed in the con- analyzed through coding and categorizing. Findings: Six pat- text of an emerging literature on oxytocin’s age-by-sex mod- terns were found to be used regularly, which include park, ulatory role in social and affective information processing. school, meeting room, library, shopping, and event styles of use. Frequency of use and cohesion with other users are apparent differences among these types. Transference among SESSION 1115 (POSTER) the types rarely occurs, as user’s physical and social back- grounds determine type, but transferring into park style is commonly observed. Implications: The main advantage of SPs may be that they reach those who experience difficulty participating due to their physical and social backgrounds. EFFECTS OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND NEGATIVE INTERACTIONS ON MENTAL HEALTH IN JAPAN 1 2 3 4 IMPACT OF SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS ON SLEEP K. Harada , H. Sugisawa , Y. Sugihara , S. Yanagisawa , DURATION: A TWO-WAVE MEDIATION ANALYSIS M. Shimmei , 1. Jissen Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan, 1 1,2 1 G. Cheng , A. Chan , J. Lo , 1. Duke-NUS Medical School, 2. J.F. Oberlin University, Tokyo, Japan, 3. Kamakura Singapore, Singapore, 2. National University of Singapore, Women’s University, Kanagawa, Japan, 4. Tokushima Singapore, Singapore University, Tokushima, Japan, 5. Tokyo Metropolitan Extreme sleep duration is associated with negative cogni- Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan tive and health outcomes among older adults. It is important The effects of social support and negative interactions to understand the determinants of sleep duration. Here, we with various personal relationships (spouse, family members advance a mediation model to examine the contribution of living together, relatives, neighbors, friends) on the mental social relationships (marital status, living arrangement, social health of younger (25–64  years old) and older (≥65  years network with friends and relatives), loneliness and depression old) men and women were examined. Data were obtained to elderly’s sleep duration. The present study drew on two from a probability sample survey of 4,676 participants waves of data from a nationally representative survey (the (≥25  years) living in 30 municipalities of Tokyo, Chiba, PHASE study) of community-dwelling older Singaporeans Kanagawa and Saitama prefectures of Japan. The depend- (aged 60 or above). A  mediation analysis was performed. ent variable was mental health, which was measured using Path analytic findings, which included cross-lagged effects, the Japanese version of the K6, an indicator of psychologi- revealed that being unmarried, living alone and having cal distress. Multiple regression analyses were carried out weaker social network increased levels of loneliness and in separately for both age groups, controlling for socioeco- turn depression, thereby eventually resulted in short sleep. nomic status. Results showed that social support and nega- Our findings revealed the contribution of sub-optimal social tive interactions were significantly related with psychological factors on short sleep among older adults, and clarified the distress, and negative interactions exerted stronger effects causal relationship between depression and sleep duration. on distress than social support for both age groups. For To improve sleep in this age group, interventions can tar- the younger adults, buffering effects of social support on get at promoting their social relationships and psychological the relationship between negative interactions and distress well-being. were observed. Results of the examination of effects of spe- cific types of relationships showed that social support from friends was significantly related with lower distress, and neg - THE EFFECT OF FRIENDSHIP ON MALIGNANT ative interactions with family members living together was SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY IN PERSONS WITH related with higher distress for older adults. These findings DEMENTIA suggest that social support decreases the distress-producing J. Perion, V. Steiner, J. Van Hoy, Language, Literature & effects of negative interactions for younger adults, but not Social Science, University of Toledo, Temperance, Michigan for older adults. Findings also highlighted the importance of Social scientists have identified negative social exchanges, taking into account the provider-recipient relationship when known as Malignant Social Psychology, which can adversely http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png The Gerontologist Oxford University Press

SOCIAL NETWORKS AND SOCIAL SUPPORT

The Gerontologist , Volume 56 (Suppl_3) – Nov 1, 2016
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Oxford University Press
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© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].
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0016-9013
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1758-5341
DOI
10.1093/geront/gnw162.1463
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Abstract

Copyedited by: OUP 362 The Gerontological Society of America of examining the potentially beneficial role of oxytocin studying the joint influence of positive and negative social on perceptions of trustworthiness in aging. In the present exchange on mental health in Japanese older adults. study, 48 young and 54 older participants evaluated the trustworthiness of young and older male and female unfa- AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY ON OLDER PERSON’S miliar faces, while undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. REGULAR USE OF A SOCIALIZATION PLACE IN THE Participants were randomly assigned to either self-administer SUBURB OF TOKYO intranasal oxytocin or a placebo before engagement in the H. Matsumoto, M. Kageyama, N. Yamamoto-Mitani, task. Behavioral analysis suggested that female faces were S. Nagata, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan generally rated as more trustworthy than male faces. This Introduction: Building and maintaining social rela- effect was particularly pronounced in older participants in tionships are central to the well-being of senior citizens. the oxytocin group but young participants in the placebo Socialization places (SPs), alternative models to senior cent- group. Functional connectivity analysis between amygdala ers and third places, are one of multiple interventions used and prefrontal cortex is currently underway and will identify to enrich social relationships. However, little is known about the underlying brain mechanism of oxytocin’s effect on trust- these places. Design and methods: An ethnographic study worthiness perceptions. Findings from this study emphasize was conducted over nine months in an SP in suburban semi- the importance of considering age and sex of participants public housing, in Tokyo. Data from participant observation, and faces when examining effects of oxytocin on perceptions formal and informal interviews, and related documents were of facial trustworthiness. Results will be discussed in the con- analyzed through coding and categorizing. Findings: Six pat- text of an emerging literature on oxytocin’s age-by-sex mod- terns were found to be used regularly, which include park, ulatory role in social and affective information processing. school, meeting room, library, shopping, and event styles of use. Frequency of use and cohesion with other users are apparent differences among these types. Transference among SESSION 1115 (POSTER) the types rarely occurs, as user’s physical and social back- grounds determine type, but transferring into park style is commonly observed. Implications: The main advantage of SPs may be that they reach those who experience difficulty participating due to their physical and social backgrounds. EFFECTS OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND NEGATIVE INTERACTIONS ON MENTAL HEALTH IN JAPAN 1 2 3 4 IMPACT OF SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS ON SLEEP K. Harada , H. Sugisawa , Y. Sugihara , S. Yanagisawa , DURATION: A TWO-WAVE MEDIATION ANALYSIS M. Shimmei , 1. Jissen Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan, 1 1,2 1 G. Cheng , A. Chan , J. Lo , 1. Duke-NUS Medical School, 2. J.F. Oberlin University, Tokyo, Japan, 3. Kamakura Singapore, Singapore, 2. National University of Singapore, Women’s University, Kanagawa, Japan, 4. Tokushima Singapore, Singapore University, Tokushima, Japan, 5. Tokyo Metropolitan Extreme sleep duration is associated with negative cogni- Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan tive and health outcomes among older adults. It is important The effects of social support and negative interactions to understand the determinants of sleep duration. Here, we with various personal relationships (spouse, family members advance a mediation model to examine the contribution of living together, relatives, neighbors, friends) on the mental social relationships (marital status, living arrangement, social health of younger (25–64  years old) and older (≥65  years network with friends and relatives), loneliness and depression old) men and women were examined. Data were obtained to elderly’s sleep duration. The present study drew on two from a probability sample survey of 4,676 participants waves of data from a nationally representative survey (the (≥25  years) living in 30 municipalities of Tokyo, Chiba, PHASE study) of community-dwelling older Singaporeans Kanagawa and Saitama prefectures of Japan. The depend- (aged 60 or above). A  mediation analysis was performed. ent variable was mental health, which was measured using Path analytic findings, which included cross-lagged effects, the Japanese version of the K6, an indicator of psychologi- revealed that being unmarried, living alone and having cal distress. Multiple regression analyses were carried out weaker social network increased levels of loneliness and in separately for both age groups, controlling for socioeco- turn depression, thereby eventually resulted in short sleep. nomic status. Results showed that social support and nega- Our findings revealed the contribution of sub-optimal social tive interactions were significantly related with psychological factors on short sleep among older adults, and clarified the distress, and negative interactions exerted stronger effects causal relationship between depression and sleep duration. on distress than social support for both age groups. For To improve sleep in this age group, interventions can tar- the younger adults, buffering effects of social support on get at promoting their social relationships and psychological the relationship between negative interactions and distress well-being. were observed. Results of the examination of effects of spe- cific types of relationships showed that social support from friends was significantly related with lower distress, and neg - THE EFFECT OF FRIENDSHIP ON MALIGNANT ative interactions with family members living together was SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY IN PERSONS WITH related with higher distress for older adults. These findings DEMENTIA suggest that social support decreases the distress-producing J. Perion, V. Steiner, J. Van Hoy, Language, Literature & effects of negative interactions for younger adults, but not Social Science, University of Toledo, Temperance, Michigan for older adults. Findings also highlighted the importance of Social scientists have identified negative social exchanges, taking into account the provider-recipient relationship when known as Malignant Social Psychology, which can adversely

Journal

The Gerontologist – Oxford University Press

Published: Nov 1, 2016

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