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- Publisher
- Wiley
- Copyright
- © American Water Works Association
- ISSN
- 0149-8029
- eISSN
- 1551-8701
- DOI
- 10.1002/j.1551-8701.1983.tb00101.x
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
Unaccounted-for Water (continued from page 1) the distribution system. Just as a bank over 200 mgd [from several thousand bar was driven to the pipe wall and audit compares the amount of money litres per day to more than 700 ML/di, sounded. deposited into the bank to the amount depending on the size of the pipe, at During the course of the listening withdrawn, so the water audit compares pressures normally encountered in a survey, storm and sanitary sewer man the amount of water pumped into the water system. The instrument can be holes and catch basins are inspected for distribution system to the amount with temporarily installed almost anywhere unusual amounts of clear water running drawn by the consumers. Any imbalance in the distribution system through a in the sewer or coming through the in the distribution system©s account is common 1-in. i 25-mm i corporation stop, joints in the manholes. Any such water referred to as unaccounted-for water. and it can be easily transported in a light found can then be analyzed for fluoride The audit method of leak detection truck or van. or chlorine content to see if it is treated yields accurate flow measurements for The instruments used forthe listening water. domestic and industrial water use, leak phase of the water audit are the same A listening survey can be performed age, meter under-registration. and un mechanical and electronic devices by the utility or by an outside consultant. authorized use. This information helps described in the first part of this article. When a consultant is used, the utility the operator to upgrade the system©s Procedures. The survey usually begins supplies distribution maps and some efficiency, effectively handle billing with a 24-hour measurement of the water times a helper to lift valve covers and disputes, and confidently present the entering the system. Some of the drive a truck for transportation. If a department©s position in a rate case. unaccounted-for water may be found to be the result of master meters over- single operator acts as a helper through Equipment. The water audit is a two- out the survey, that operator can learn phase survey using flow measurements registering at this point. In a recent the basics of listening techniques, which followed by listening. The most common survey on the east coast, the consultants may enable the utility to conduct future instrument used in making the flow who had been called in were politely surveys on its own. measurements is a pitot-tube flow meter excused after the utility©s unaccounted- that can be attached to a photo recording for water dropped from 40 percent to 15 Water Audits device capable of recording continuous percent following the discovery that the master meters were seriously over-regi A more revealing method of leak flow rates for 12, 24, or 48 hours. With a detection is a combination of flow mea field accuracy of +2 percent, this meter stering. surements and listening, which amounts can measure flows over a wide range After the master meters are checked, to an "audit" of all water flowing through from a few thousand gallons per day to continued on next page) Gimmicks and Gadgets By lengthening the pipe and adjusting Jesse Clinton Salyer the bolts, the valve key can be extended Foreman from 5.5ft 11.7 mi to 10ft (3 mi. The cost City of Poplar Bluff Light & Water to make this gadget is approximately Poplar Bluff, Mo. $15.00. The following invention was a winner in the 1981 Missouri Section Gimmicks-and-Gadgets ..^ - Solid Steel Rod Contest. i i Solid Steel Rod Most utility crew trucks carry only a "~~- Weld Here " Inserted Into normal-size valve key to be used for Steel Pipe opening valves. If a longer key is needed, a trip back to the shop must be made. To save these extra trips, a variable length valve key can be used. To make the variable length key you Holes Drilled // will need the following material: 5.5ft 1.7 to Fit Bolts k 6ft mi of 1 1/2-in. :38-mm i steel pipe or i1.8 m boring pipe, 6ft: 1.8m of 1-in. ©25.4-mm solid round steel rod, three or more 5/16-in. X 2 1/4-in. i8-mm x 57-mmi bolts with nuts, and one square valve key. First, weld the valve key to one end of the steel pipe. Cut 18 in. ;460 mm from the solid steel rod and weld this piece .Weld Here onto the remainder of the rod to form a tee. Next drill five holes through the pipe Valve Key Has -1 and through the steel rod. The holes must Reach of 5 1©2 be large enough forthe bolts to fit through tolOft 1.5 \ and should be 1 ft >0.3 nv apart. Finally, to 3m ^Square Valve Key place the rod into the pipe, line up the Construction details for the valve key. holes, and insert and secure the bolts. Jesse Salyer and the variable length key. 6 OpFlow
Journal
Opflow – Wiley
Published: Apr 1, 1983
Keywords: ; ;