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Phytohormones and microbial elicitation on glycyrrhizin production and gene expression in the hairy root of Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

Phytohormones and microbial elicitation on glycyrrhizin production and gene expression in the... Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) is a valuable and endangered medicinal plant recognized for its rich saponin content, particularly glycyrrhizin. Hairy root culture offers a sustainable alternative for continuous glycyrrhizin production while preserving the species’ biodiversity. This study aimed to determine the most effective Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain (ATCC 15834, A4, and A13) for hairy root induction and to assess the influence of Rhizobium leguminosarum (R) and Pseudomonas putida (P) on glycyrrhizin and saponin production. Additionally, the combined effects of the most efficient biotic elicitor with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and gibberellin (GA) on the phytochemical and physiological responses of licorice hairy roots were investigated. The expression of genes related to glycyrrhizin biosynthesis was also analyzed. The hairy root transformation was confirmed in all strains through rolB gene amplification, with strain A13 identified as the most efficient. R. leguminosarum was more effective than P. putida in increasing glycyrrhizin and saponin content. Treatments with Rhizobium, MeJA, and GA increased oxidative stress markers, membrane damage, and the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The highest glycyrrhizin and saponin levels were found in the MeJA×R and R treatments, respectively. RT‒PCR analysis demonstrated that the gene expression of bAS, CYP88D6, and CYP72A154 elevated under MeJA×R treatment compared to the control. The PCA-biplot analysis showed that DPPH (IC50) and H2O2 levels differed most in the assayed traits. In summary, the MeJA×R combination may activate a complex signaling network that scavenges ROS, leading to higher glycyrrhizin accumulation and upregulation of its biosynthetic pathway in licorice hairy roots.Graphical Abstract[graphic not available: see fulltext] http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png "Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC)" Springer Journals

Phytohormones and microbial elicitation on glycyrrhizin production and gene expression in the hairy root of Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

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References (95)

Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024
ISSN
0167-6857
eISSN
1573-5044
DOI
10.1007/s11240-024-02941-z
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) is a valuable and endangered medicinal plant recognized for its rich saponin content, particularly glycyrrhizin. Hairy root culture offers a sustainable alternative for continuous glycyrrhizin production while preserving the species’ biodiversity. This study aimed to determine the most effective Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain (ATCC 15834, A4, and A13) for hairy root induction and to assess the influence of Rhizobium leguminosarum (R) and Pseudomonas putida (P) on glycyrrhizin and saponin production. Additionally, the combined effects of the most efficient biotic elicitor with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and gibberellin (GA) on the phytochemical and physiological responses of licorice hairy roots were investigated. The expression of genes related to glycyrrhizin biosynthesis was also analyzed. The hairy root transformation was confirmed in all strains through rolB gene amplification, with strain A13 identified as the most efficient. R. leguminosarum was more effective than P. putida in increasing glycyrrhizin and saponin content. Treatments with Rhizobium, MeJA, and GA increased oxidative stress markers, membrane damage, and the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The highest glycyrrhizin and saponin levels were found in the MeJA×R and R treatments, respectively. RT‒PCR analysis demonstrated that the gene expression of bAS, CYP88D6, and CYP72A154 elevated under MeJA×R treatment compared to the control. The PCA-biplot analysis showed that DPPH (IC50) and H2O2 levels differed most in the assayed traits. In summary, the MeJA×R combination may activate a complex signaling network that scavenges ROS, leading to higher glycyrrhizin accumulation and upregulation of its biosynthetic pathway in licorice hairy roots.Graphical Abstract[graphic not available: see fulltext]

Journal

"Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC)" – Springer Journals

Published: Jan 1, 2025

Keywords: Glycyrrhiza glabra; Glycyrrhizin; RT‒PCR; Rhizobium leguminosarum; Pseudomonas putida; PCA-biplot

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