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H. Lee, Hyeong Kim, Hyo‐Min Kim, Jun-Ho Youn, Dong-Hee Nam, Younggu Lee, Jueng-gil Lee, A. Yusoff, Jin Jang (2013)
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Printed Paper Photovoltaic CellsAdvanced Energy Materials, 1
F. Krebs, J. Fyenbo, D. Tanenbaum, S. Gevorgyan, R. Andriessen, B. Remoortere, Y. Galagan, M. Jørgensen (2011)
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Dechan Angmo, S. Gevorgyan, T. Larsen-Olsen, R. Søndergaard, Markus Hösel, M. Jørgensen, Ritu Gupta, G. Kulkarni, F. Krebs (2013)
Scalability and stability of very thin, roll-to-roll processed, large area, indium-tin-oxide free polymer solar cell modulesOrganic Electronics, 14
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All printed transparent electrodes through an electrical switching mechanism: A convincing alternative to indium-tin-oxide, silver and vacuumEnergy and Environmental Science, 5
M. Green, K. Emery, Y. Hishikawa, W. Warta, E. Dunlop (2013)
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Jea-Uk Lee, J. Jung, Jea Jo, W. Jo (2012)
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N. Espinosa, Markus Hösel, Dechan Angmo, F. Krebs (2012)
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E. Voroshazi, B. Verreet, Tom Aernouts, P. Heremans (2011)
Long-term operational lifetime and degradation analysis of P3HT:PCBM photovoltaic cellsSolar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 95
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The ISOS-3 inter-laboratory collaboration focused on the stability of a variety of organic photovoltaic devicesRSC Advances, 2
N. Espinosa, R. García‐Valverde, A. Urbina, F. Krebs (2011)
A life cycle analysis of polymer solar cell modules prepared using roll-to-roll methods under ambient conditionsSolar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 95
S. Gevorgyan, J. Carlé, R. Søndergaard, T. Larsen-Olsen, M. Jørgensen, F. Krebs (2013)
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P. Kopola, Tom Aernouts, S. Guillerez, Hui Jin, M. Tuomikoski, A. Maaninen, J. Hast (2010)
High efficient plastic solar cells fabricated with a high-throughput gravure printing methodSolar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 94
R. Søndergaard, Markus Hösel, F. Krebs (2013)
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P. Sommer-Larsen, M. Jørgensen, R. Søndergaard, Markus Hösel, F. Krebs (2013)
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Markus Hösel, R. Søndergaard, M. Jørgensen, F. Krebs (2013)
Fast Inline Roll‐to‐Roll Printing for Indium‐Tin‐Oxide‐Free Polymer Solar Cells Using Automatic RegistrationEnergy technology, 1
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M. Jørgensen, K. Norrman, S. Gevorgyan, T. Tromholt, Birgitta Andreasen, F. Krebs (2012)
Stability of Polymer Solar CellsAdvanced Materials, 24
F. Krebs, S. Gevorgyan, Jan Alstrup (2009)
A roll-to-roll process to flexible polymer solar cells: model studies, manufacture and operational stability studiesJournal of Materials Chemistry, 19
D. Tanenbaum, H. Dam, R. Rösch, M. Jørgensen, H. Hoppe, F. Krebs (2012)
Edge sealing for low cost stability enhancement of roll-to-roll processed flexible polymer solar cell modulesSolar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 97
R. Roesch, K. Eberhardt, S. Engmann, G. Gobsch, H. Hoppe (2013)
Polymer solar cells with enhanced lifetime by improved electrode stability and sealingSolar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 117
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F. Krebs, T. Tromholt, M. Jørgensen (2010)
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J. Granstrom, Michael Villet, Tirtha Chatterjee, J. Gerbec, Evan Jerkunica, Anshuman Roy (2009)
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F. Krebs, Jan Alstrup, H. Spanggaard, K. Larsen, Esben Kold (2004)
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L. Wengeler, M. Schmitt, Katharina Peters, P. Scharfer, W. Schabel (2013)
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(2013)
Comparison of UV - Curing , Hotmelt , and Pressure Sensitive Adhesive as Roll - to - Roll Encapsulation Methods for Polymer Solar Cells
J. Krantz, Moses Richter, S. Spallek, E. Spiecker, C. Brabec (2011)
Solution‐Processed Metallic Nanowire Electrodes as Indium Tin Oxide Replacement for Thin‐Film Solar CellsAdvanced Functional Materials, 21
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UV‐Cured, Flexible, and Transparent Nanocomposite Coating with Remarkable Oxygen BarrierAdvanced Materials, 24
P. Mandlik, Jonathan Gartside, Lin Han, I. Cheng, S. Wagner, Jeff Silvernail, R. Ma, M. Hack, Julie Brown (2008)
A single-layer permeation barrier for organic light-emitting displaysApplied Physics Letters, 92
The most distinct advantage of the polymer solar cell is the possibility for roll‐to‐roll (R2R) fabrication compatibility based on printing and coating processes. The R2R encapsulation is the last crucial process step in the manufacturing workflow and is evaluated in this study. Polymer solar cell modules are directly printed on barrier foil and encapsulated with the same barrier foil either on the backside or on both sides of the device. The three lamination methods comprise of UV‐curable epoxy resin, hotmelt, and pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA). It is shown that a single‐sided encapsulation with UV‐curable adhesive is enough to achieve the same or better lifetime than double‐sided encapsulation with all the adhesives utilized here. This is mainly due to the good edge sealing effect of the thin adhesive with no edge bleaching after 900 h of constant illumination. Although the fabrication of the PSA method is the fastest method (in this study) it generates a considerable amount of waste (paper liner) and two lamination steps are required to achieve a sufficient lifetime. We conclude that UV‐curing presents the largest advantages of all methods with a good upscaling potential and low embodied energy due to the possibility for single‐sided encapsulation.
Advanced Engineering Materials – Wiley
Published: Nov 1, 2013
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