Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
(1976)
Die Evolution der Tierkonstruktion I
L. Hertel, C. Bayne, E. Loker (2002)
The symbiont Capsaspora owczarzaki, nov. gen. nov. sp., isolated from three strains of the pulmonate snail Biomphalaria glabrata is related to members of the Mesomycetozoea.International journal for parasitology, 32 9
T. Appel (1987)
The Cuvier-Geoffrey Debate: French Biology in the Decades before Darwin
H. Suga, Go Sasaki, K. Kuma, Hiromi Nishiyori, Nozomi Hirose, Z. Su, N. Iwabe, T. Miyata (2008)
Ancient divergence of animal protein tyrosine kinase genes demonstrated by a gene family tree including choanoflagellate genesFEBS Letters, 582
S. Dellaporta, A. Xu, Sven Sagasser, W. Jakob, M. Moreno, L. Buss, B. Schierwater (2006)
Mitochondrial genome of Trichoplax adhaerens supports placozoa as the basal lower metazoan phylum.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103 23
Mark Denny (1995)
Life in moving fluids: The physical biology of FlowBulletin of Mathematical Biology, 57
T. Adell, V. Grebenjuk, M. Wiens, W. Müller (2003)
Isolation and characterization of two T-box genes from sponges, the phylogenetically oldest metazoan taxonDevelopment Genes and Evolution, 213
A. Yamada, K. Pang, M. Martindale, S. Tochinai (2007)
Surprisingly complex T‐box gene complement in diploblastic metazoansEvolution & Development, 9
K. Arkush, L. Mendoza, M. Adkison, R. Hedrick (2004)
Erratum: Observations on the life stages of Sphaerothecum destruens n. g., n. sp., a mesomycetozoean fish pathogen formerly referred to as the rosette agent (Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology (2003) 50:6 (430-438))Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 51
Elie. Metchnikoff, Elias Metschnikoff
Embryologische Studien an Medusen : Ein Beitrag zur Genealogie der Primitiv-organe / von Elias Metschnikoff.
M. Maldonado (2005)
Choanoflagellates, choanocytes, and animal multicellularityInvertebrate Biology, 123
A. Ender, B. Schierwater (2003)
Placozoa are not derived cnidarians: evidence from molecular morphology.Molecular biology and evolution, 20 1
N. King, M. Westbrook, S. Young, A. Kuo, M. Abedin, J. Chapman, Stephen Fairclough, U. Hellsten, Yoh Isogai, Ivica Letunic, M. Marr, David Pincus, Nicholas Putnam, A. Rokas, K. Wright, R. Zuzow, W. Dirks, Matthew Good, D. Goodstein, Derek Lemons, W. Li, Jessica Lyons, Andrea Morris, S. Nichols, D. Richter, A. Salamov, Jgi Sequencing, P. Bork, W. Lim, G. Manning, W. Miller, W. McGinnis, H. Shapiro, R. Tjian, I. Grigoriev, D. Rokhsar (2008)
The genome of the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis and the origin of metazoansNature, 451
M. Boraas, D. Seale, Joseph Boxhorn (1998)
Phagotrophy by a flagellate selects for colonial prey: A possible origin of multicellularityEvolutionary Ecology, 12
(2005)
Comparative embryology of sponges (Porifera). St- Petersburg
G. Manning, S. Young, W. Miller, Yufeng Zhai (2008)
The protist, Monosiga brevicollis, has a tyrosine kinase signaling network more elaborate and diverse than found in any known metazoanProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105
Schulze Schulze (1883)
Trichoplax adhaerens , nov. gen., nov. specZool Anz, 6
(1874)
Die Gastrea-Theorie, die phylogenetische Klassifikation des Tierreichs, und die Homologie der Keimblä tter
C. Nielsen (2008)
Six major steps in animal evolution: are we derived sponge larvae?Evolution & Development, 10
B. Spanggaard, H. Huss, J. Bresciani (1995)
Morphology of Ichthyophonus hoferi assessed by light and scanning electron microscopyJournal of Fish Diseases, 18
(2000)
Protista. Pt. 1. Handbook on zoology
G. Benny, K. O’Donnell (2000)
Amoebidium parasiticum is a protozoan, not a Trichomycete.Mycologia, 92
B. Lang, B. Lang, C. O'kelly, C. O'kelly, T. Nerad, M. Gray, M. Gray, G. Burger, G. Burger (2002)
The Closest Unicellular Relatives of AnimalsCurrent Biology, 12
V. Wilson, R. Beddington (1997)
Expression of T protein in the primitive streak is necessary and sufficient for posterior mesoderm movement and somite differentiation.Developmental biology, 192 1
T. Lentz (1964)
The Evolution of the MetazoaThe Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 36
H. Jhering
Vergleichende Anatomie des Nervensystemes und Phylogenie der Mollusken
E. Steenkamp, Jane Wright, S. Baldauf (2006)
The protistan origins of animals and fungi.Molecular biology and evolution, 23 1
Reutterer Reutterer (1969)
Zum Problem der MetazooenabstammungZ Zool Syst Evol, 7
Lennart Olsson (2007)
A clash of traditions: the history of comparative and experimental embryology in Sweden as exemplified by the research of Gösta Jägersten and Sven HörstadiusTheory in Biosciences, 126
A. Sachwatkin (1956)
Vergleichende Embryologie der niederen Wirbellosen : Ursprung und Gestaltungswege der individuellen Entwicklung der Vielzeller
D. Kerk, A. Gee, M. Standish, P. Wainwright, A. Drum, R. Elston, M. Sogin (1995)
The rosette agent of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is closely related to choanoflagellates, as determined by the phylogenetic analyses of its small ribosomal subunit RNAMarine Biology, 122
Alois Reutterer (1969)
Zum Problem der Metazoenabstammung1Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 7
(1884)
Bemerkungen zur Gastraea-Theorie
(1955)
On the early phylogeny of the Metazoa. The Bilaterogastraea-theory
M. Castillo, Ghislaine Switz, K. Foster, D. Queller, J. Strassmann (2005)
A cost to chimerism in Dictyostelium discoideum on natural substratesEvolutionary Ecology Research, 7
T. Syed, B. Schierwater (2002)
Trichoplax adhaerens: Discovered as a missing link, forgotten as a hydrozoan, re-discovered as a key to metazoan evolution, 52
(2009)
Problems and paradigms
B. Schierwater, D. Jong, R. DeSalle (2009)
Placozoa and the evolution of Metazoa and intrasomatic cell differentiation.The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology, 41 2
(1963)
Reflections on the system of the Deuterostomia. Spolia Zool Mus Hauniensis
D. Aanen, A. Debets, J. Visser, Rolf Hoekstra (2008)
The social evolution of somatic fusion.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology, 30 11-12
B. Schierwater (2005)
My favorite animal, Trichoplax adhaerens.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology, 27 12
A. Ereskovsky, A. Dondua (2006)
The problem of germ layers in sponges (Porifera) and some issues concerning early metazoan evolutionZoologischer Anzeiger – A Journal of Comparative Zoology, 245
V. Aleshin, N. Petrov (2002)
[Molecular evidence of regression in evolution of metazoa].Zhurnal obshchei biologii, 63 3
Fernanda Silva, V. Muschner, S. Bonatto (2007)
Phylogenetic position of Placozoa based on large subunit (LSU) and small subunit (SSU) rRNA genesGenetics and Molecular Biology, 30
L. Mendoza, John Taylor, L. Ajello (2002)
The class mesomycetozoea: a heterogeneous group of microorganisms at the animal-fungal boundary.Annual review of microbiology, 56
A. Rokas (2008)
The origins of multicellularity and the early history of the genetic toolkit for animal development.Annual review of genetics, 42
P. Wainright, Greogry Hinkle, M. Sogin, S. Stickel (1993)
Monophyletic origins of the metazoa: an evolutionary link with fungiScience, 260
V. Aleshin, A. Konstantinova, K. Mikhailov, M. Nikitin, N. Petrov (2007)
Do we need many genes for phylogenetic inference?Biochemistry (Moscow), 72
M. Abedin, N. King (2008)
The Premetazoan Ancestry of CadherinsScience, 319
(1990)
Enigmatic groups of marine invertebrates
Brigitte Maier
Cytology and EvolutionNature, 114
Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo, A. Roger, G. Burger, M. Gray, B. Lang (2008)
A phylogenomic investigation into the origin of metazoa.Molecular biology and evolution, 25 4
Larsson Larsson (1963)
Reflections on the system of the DeuterostomiaSpolia Zool Mus Hauniensis, 20
Philippe Philippe, Brinkmann Brinkmann, Martinez Martinez, Riutort Riutort, Baguñà Baguñà (2005)
PhylogenomicsAnnu Rev Ecol Evol Syst, 36
M. Ragan, C. Goggin, R. Cawthorn, L. Cerenius, A. Jamieson, S. Plourde, T. Rand, K. Söderhäll, R. Gutell (1996)
A novel clade of protistan parasites near the animal-fungal divergence.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93 21
(1908)
Éponge et polype
A. Rokas (2008)
The molecular origins of multicellular transitions.Current opinion in genetics & development, 18 6
M. Cafaro (2005)
Eccrinales (Trichomycetes) are not fungi, but a clade of protists at the early divergence of animals and fungi.Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 35 1
M. indale
Larval reproduction in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis mccradyi ( order Lobata )
(1886)
Die Urform der Heteroplastiden
S. Degnan, B. Degnan (2006)
The origin of the pelagobenthic metazoan life cycle: what's sex got to do with it?Integrative and comparative biology, 46 6
Henry Stibbs, A. Owczarzak, Christopher Bayne, Peggy DeWan (1979)
Schistosome sporocyst-killing Amoebae isolated from Biomphalaria glabrata.Journal of invertebrate pathology, 33 2
W. Nutting, W. Beklemishev, J. Maclennan, Z. Kabata (1969)
Principles of Comparative Anatomy of InvertebratesBioScience
Nina Brooke, P. Holland (2003)
The evolution of multicellularity and early animal genomes.Current opinion in genetics & development, 13 6
Origin of multicellular animals: phylogenetic essays. Leningrad, Nauka
S. Leys, D. Eerkes-Medrano (2005)
Gastrulation in Calcareous Sponges: In Search of Haeckel's Gastraea1, 45
B. Leadbeater (1983)
Life-history and ultrastructure of a new marine species of Proterospongia (Choanoflagellida)Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 63
石柠 (2006)
My favorite animal
B. Schierwater, M. Eitel, W. Jakob, Hans-Jürgen Osigus, H. Hadrys, S. Dellaporta, S. Kolokotronis, R. DeSalle (2009)
Concatenated Analysis Sheds Light on Early Metazoan Evolution and Fuels a Modern “Urmetazoon” HypothesisPLoS Biology, 7
(1949)
The comparative embryology of the low invertebrates. Sources and method of the origin of metazoan development
(2005)
Phylogenomics. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst
V. Malakhov (2004)
[Origin of bilateral-symmetrical animals (Bilateria)].Zhurnal obshchei biologii, 65 5
E. Ostrowski, M. Katoh, G. Shaulsky, D. Queller, J. Strassmann (2008)
Kin Discrimination Increases with Genetic Distance in a Social AmoebaPLoS Biology, 6
Andreas Heyland, L. Moroz (2006)
Signaling mechanisms underlying metamorphic transitions in animals.Integrative and comparative biology, 46 6
(2005)
Trichoplax adhaerens (phylum Placozoa) is a primitive multicellular animal
I. Ustinova, L. Krienitz, V. Huss (2000)
Hyaloraphidium curvatum is not a green alga, but a lower fungus; Amoebidium parasiticum is not a fungus, but a member of the DRIPs.Protist, 151 3
R. Dewel (2000)
Colonial origin for Eumetazoa: major morphological transitions and the origin of bilaterian complexityJournal of Morphology, 243
Iu Zakhvatkin (2008)
[Generation continuity and integration].Zhurnal obshchei biologii, 69 4
David Pincus, Ivica Letunic, P. Bork, W. Lim (2008)
Evolution of the phospho-tyrosine signaling machinery in premetazoan lineagesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105
(1980)
Some disputable problems on the theory of Parenchymella
Yulia Mukhina, Vadim Kumeiko, O. Podgornaya, S. Efremova (2006)
The fate of larval flagellated cells during metamorphosis of the sponge Halisarca dujardini.The International journal of developmental biology, 50 6
Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi, Marianne Minge, M. Espelund, Russell Orr, T. Ruden, K. Jakobsen, T. Cavalier-smith (2008)
Multigene Phylogeny of Choanozoa and the Origin of AnimalsPLoS ONE, 3
C. Larroux, G. Luke, P. Koopman, D. Rokhsar, S. Shimeld, B. Degnan (2008)
Genesis and expansion of metazoan transcription factor gene classes.Molecular biology and evolution, 25 5
(1971)
Trichoplax adhaerens und die Entstehung der Metazoen
Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo, G. Burger, Peter Holland, N. King, B. Lang, Andrew Roger, Michael Gray (2007)
The origins of multicellularity: a multi-taxon genome initiative.Trends in genetics : TIG, 23 3
L. Seravin, A. Gudkov (2005)
[Amoeboid properties of cells during early morphogenesis and the nature of a possible protozoan ancestor of Metazoa].Zhurnal obshchei biologii, 66 3
David Miller, E. Ball (2008)
Animal Evolution: Trichoplax, Trees, and Taxonomic TurmoilCurrent Biology, 18
Mónica Medina, A. Collins, J. Silberman, M. Sogin (2001)
Evaluating hypotheses of basal animal phylogeny using complete sequences of large and small subunit rRNAProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98
M. Gauthier, B. Degnan (2008)
The transcription factor NF-κB in the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica: insights on the evolutionary origin of the Rel homology domainDevelopment Genes and Evolution, 218
V. Papaioannou (1997)
T-box family reunion.Trends in genetics : TIG, 13 6
E. O'Brien, L. Koski, Yue Zhang, LiuSong Yang, Eric Wang, M. Gray, G. Burger, B. Lang (2007)
TBestDB: a taxonomically broad database of expressed sequence tags (ESTs)Nucleic Acids Research, 35
C. Dunn, A. Hejnol, D. Matus, K. Pang, W. Browne, Stephen Smith, E. Seaver, G. Rouse, M. Obst, G. Edgecombe, M. Sørensen, S. Haddock, A. Schmidt-Rhaesa, Akiko Okusu, R. Kristensen, W. Wheeler, M. Martindale, Gonzalo Giribet (2008)
Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of lifeNature, 452
S. Altschul, Thomas Madden, A. Schäffer, Jinghui Zhang, Zheng Zhang, W. Miller, D. Lipman (1997)
Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs.Nucleic acids research, 25 17
Benny Benny, O'Donnell O'Donnell (2000)
Amoebidium parasiticum is a protozoan, not a trichomycete (Zygomycota)Mycologia, 92
(2004)
Origin of Bilateria
H. Ihering
Vergleichende Anatomie des Nervensystemes und Phylogenie der Mollusken / von Hermann von Jhering.
(2000)
Subclass Aconchulina. In: Alimov,A
Lankester Lankester (1873)
On the primitive cell layers of the embryo as the basis of genealogical classification of animals and on the origins of vascular and lymphs systemsAnn Mag Nat Hist, 11
E. Lankester (1873)
XXXV.—On the primitive cell-layers of the embryo as the basis of genealogical classification of animals, and on the origin of vascular and lymph systemsJournal of Natural History, 11
D. Moreira, S. Heyden, D. Bass, P. López‐García, E. Chao, T. Cavalier-smith (2007)
Global eukaryote phylogeny: Combined small- and large-subunit ribosomal DNA trees support monophyly of Rhizaria, Retaria and Excavata.Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 44 1
M. Srivastava, E. Begović, J. Chapman, Nicholas Putnam, U. Hellsten, T. Kawashima, A. Kuo, T. Mitros, A. Salamov, M. Carpenter, Ana Signorovitch, M. Moreno, K. Kamm, J. Grimwood, J. Schmutz, H. Shapiro, I. Grigoriev, L. Buss, B. Schierwater, S. Dellaporta, D. Rokhsar (2008)
The Trichoplax genome and the nature of placozoansNature, 454
K. Arkush, L. Mendoza, M. Adkison, R. Hedrick (2003)
Observations on the Life Stages of Sphaerothecum destruens n. g., n. sp., a Mesomycetozoean Fish Pathogen Formally Referred to as the Rosette Agent, 50
Karri Haen, B. Lang, S. Pomponi, D. Lavrov (2007)
Glass sponges and bilaterian animals share derived mitochondrial genomic features: a common ancestry or parallel evolution?Molecular biology and evolution, 24 7
N. King, C. Hittinger, S. Carroll (2003)
Evolution of Key Cell Signaling and Adhesion Protein Families Predates Animal OriginsScience, 301
(1908)
Ann Soc Roy Zool Malacol Belg
R. Grosberg, R. Strathmann (2007)
The Evolution of Multicellularity: A Minor Major Transition?Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 38
For over a century, Haeckel's Gastraea theory remained a dominant theory to explain the origin of multicellular animals. According to this theory, the animal ancestor was a blastula‐like colony of uniform cells that gradually evolved cell differentiation. Today, however, genes that typically control metazoan development, cell differentiation, cell‐to‐cell adhesion, and cell‐to‐matrix adhesion are found in various unicellular relatives of the Metazoa, which suggests the origin of the genetic programs of cell differentiation and adhesion in the root of the Opisthokonta. Multicellular stages occurring in the complex life cycles of opisthokont protists (mesomycetozoeans and choanoflagellates) never resemble a blastula. Here, we discuss a more realistic scenario of transition to multicellularity through integration of pre‐existing transient cell types into the body of an early metazoon, which possessed a complex life cycle with a differentiated sedentary filter‐feeding trophic stage and a non‐feeding blastula‐like larva, the synzoospore. Choanoflagellates are considered as forms with secondarily simplified life cycles.
BioEssays – Wiley
Published: Jul 1, 2009
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.