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FORCED GRASPING AND GROPING IN RELATION TO THE SYNDROME OF THE PREMOTOR AREA

FORCED GRASPING AND GROPING IN RELATION TO THE SYNDROME OF THE PREMOTOR AREA Abstract Recent experimental studies1 have indicated that forced grasping is an exaggerated postural reflex which may be induced in all animals of the primate series by lesions restricted to the premotor area of the cerebral cortex. The grasping phenomenon, however, is not an isolated reflex disturbance, since it is always associated with a number of equally striking signs and symptoms which taken together form, both in man and in animals, a well defined entity in neurology. This entity has been variously designated as "tonic innervation"2 and as the "syndrome of the premotor area."3 As the physiologic basis of the syndrome is not yet clearly understood, the present experimental study was undertaken, in which special attention has been given to forced grasping and groping. METHODS Monkeys, baboons and chimpanzees were used as experimental subjects. Prior to operation many of the animals were trained to perform complex skilled movements, e. References 1. Richter, C. P., and Hines, Marion: Experimental Production of the Grasp Reflex in Adult Monkeys by Lesions of the Frontal Lobes , Research Publication, Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases, 1932, to be published 2. Am. J. Physiol. 101:87, 1932. 3. Fulton, J. F.; Jacobsen, C. F., and Kennard, M. A.: A Note Concerning the Relation of the Frontal Lobes to Posture and Forced Grasping in Monkeys , Brain 55:524, 1932.Crossref 4. Bieber, I., and Fulton, J. F.: The Relation of Forced Grasping and Groping to the Righting Reflexes, to be published; preliminary communication , Am. J. Physiol. 105:7, 1933. 5. Wilson, S. A. K., and Walshe, F. M. R.: The Phenomenon of "Tonic Innervation" and Its Relation to Motor Apraxia , Brain 37:199, 1914.Crossref 6. Kennard, M. A.; Viets, H. R., and Fulton, J. F.: The Syndrome of the Premotor Cortex in Man: Impairment of Skilled Movements, Forced Grasping, Spasticity, and Vasomotor Disturbance , Brain , to be published. 7. Jacobsen, C. F.: A Study of Cerebral Function in Learning: The Frontal Lobes , J. Comp. Neurol. 52:271, 1931Crossref 8. Fulton, J. F., and Keller, A. K.: The Sign of Babinski , Springfield, Ill., Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1932. 9. Fulton, J. F., and Kennard, M. A.: A Study of Flaccid and Spastic Paralyses Produced by Lesions of the Cerebral Cortex in Primates , Research Publication, Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases, 1932, to be published 10. The Localizing Significance of Spasticity, Reflex Grasping, and the Signs of Babinski and Rossolimo , Brain 56:213, 1933.Crossref 11. Bucy, P. C., and Fulton, J. F.: Ipsilateral Representation in the Motor and Premotor Cortex of Monkeys , Brain 56:318, 1933.Crossref 12. Brodmann, K.: Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde , ed. 2, Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1925. 13. Adie, W. J., and Critchley, M.: Forced Grasping and Groping , Brain 50:142, 1927.Crossref 14. Schuster, P., and Pinéas, H.: Weitere Beobachtungen über Zwangsgreifen und Nachgreifen und deren Beziehungen zu ähnlichen Bewegungsstörungen , Deutsche Ztschr. f. Nervenh. 91:16, 1926.Crossref 15. Walshe, F. M. R., and Robertson, E. Graeme: Observations upon the Form and Nature of the "Grasping" Movements and "Tonic Innervation" Seen in Certain Cases of Lesions of the Frontal Lobe , Brain 56:40, 1933.Crossref 16. Fulton, Jacobsen and Kennard,1b p. 529. 17. Schuster, P., and Caspar, J.: Zwangsgreifen und Stirnhirn (sowie einige Bemerkungen über das occipito-frontale Bündel) , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 129:739, 1930.Crossref 18. Armitage, G., and Meagher, R.: Gliomas of the Corpus Callosum , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 146:454, 1933.Crossref 19. Kennard, M. A., and Watts, J. W.: The Effect of Section of the Corpus Callosum on the Motor Performance of Monkeys , J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. , to be published. 20. Magnus, R.: Körperstellung und Labyrinthreflexe beim Affen , Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol. 194:396, 1922.Crossref 21. Magnus, R.: Körperstellung: Experimentell-physiologische Untersuchungen über die Einzelnen bei der Körperstellung in tätigkeit tretenden Reflexe, über ihr Zusammenwirkung und ihre Störungen , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1924. 22. Kennard, M. A.: Unpublished studies. 23. Pollock, L. J., and Davis, L.: Studies in Decerebration: VI. The Effect of Deafferentation upon Decerebrate Rigidity , Am. J. Physiol. 98:47, 1931. 24. Campbell, A. W.: Histological Studies on the Localization of Cerebral Function , London, Cambridge University Press, 1905. 25. Tilney, F., and Riley, H. A.: The Form and Functions of the Central Nervous System; An Introduction to the Study of Nervous Diseases , New York, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., 1923. 26. Kennard, M. A.: Vasomotor Representation in the Cerebral Cortex , Science , to be published. 27. Kennard, Viets and Fulton.3 28. Watts, J. W., and Fulton, J. F.: Intussusception—the Relation of the Cerebral Cortex to Intestinal Motility in the Monkey , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. , to be published. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry American Medical Association

FORCED GRASPING AND GROPING IN RELATION TO THE SYNDROME OF THE PREMOTOR AREA

FULTON, J. F.
Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry , Volume 31 (2) – Feb 1, 1934
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References (18)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1934 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6754
DOI
10.1001/archneurpsyc.1934.02250020009001
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract Recent experimental studies1 have indicated that forced grasping is an exaggerated postural reflex which may be induced in all animals of the primate series by lesions restricted to the premotor area of the cerebral cortex. The grasping phenomenon, however, is not an isolated reflex disturbance, since it is always associated with a number of equally striking signs and symptoms which taken together form, both in man and in animals, a well defined entity in neurology. This entity has been variously designated as "tonic innervation"2 and as the "syndrome of the premotor area."3 As the physiologic basis of the syndrome is not yet clearly understood, the present experimental study was undertaken, in which special attention has been given to forced grasping and groping. METHODS Monkeys, baboons and chimpanzees were used as experimental subjects. Prior to operation many of the animals were trained to perform complex skilled movements, e. References 1. Richter, C. P., and Hines, Marion: Experimental Production of the Grasp Reflex in Adult Monkeys by Lesions of the Frontal Lobes , Research Publication, Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases, 1932, to be published 2. Am. J. Physiol. 101:87, 1932. 3. Fulton, J. F.; Jacobsen, C. F., and Kennard, M. A.: A Note Concerning the Relation of the Frontal Lobes to Posture and Forced Grasping in Monkeys , Brain 55:524, 1932.Crossref 4. Bieber, I., and Fulton, J. F.: The Relation of Forced Grasping and Groping to the Righting Reflexes, to be published; preliminary communication , Am. J. Physiol. 105:7, 1933. 5. Wilson, S. A. K., and Walshe, F. M. R.: The Phenomenon of "Tonic Innervation" and Its Relation to Motor Apraxia , Brain 37:199, 1914.Crossref 6. Kennard, M. A.; Viets, H. R., and Fulton, J. F.: The Syndrome of the Premotor Cortex in Man: Impairment of Skilled Movements, Forced Grasping, Spasticity, and Vasomotor Disturbance , Brain , to be published. 7. Jacobsen, C. F.: A Study of Cerebral Function in Learning: The Frontal Lobes , J. Comp. Neurol. 52:271, 1931Crossref 8. Fulton, J. F., and Keller, A. K.: The Sign of Babinski , Springfield, Ill., Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1932. 9. Fulton, J. F., and Kennard, M. A.: A Study of Flaccid and Spastic Paralyses Produced by Lesions of the Cerebral Cortex in Primates , Research Publication, Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases, 1932, to be published 10. The Localizing Significance of Spasticity, Reflex Grasping, and the Signs of Babinski and Rossolimo , Brain 56:213, 1933.Crossref 11. Bucy, P. C., and Fulton, J. F.: Ipsilateral Representation in the Motor and Premotor Cortex of Monkeys , Brain 56:318, 1933.Crossref 12. Brodmann, K.: Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde , ed. 2, Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1925. 13. Adie, W. J., and Critchley, M.: Forced Grasping and Groping , Brain 50:142, 1927.Crossref 14. Schuster, P., and Pinéas, H.: Weitere Beobachtungen über Zwangsgreifen und Nachgreifen und deren Beziehungen zu ähnlichen Bewegungsstörungen , Deutsche Ztschr. f. Nervenh. 91:16, 1926.Crossref 15. Walshe, F. M. R., and Robertson, E. Graeme: Observations upon the Form and Nature of the "Grasping" Movements and "Tonic Innervation" Seen in Certain Cases of Lesions of the Frontal Lobe , Brain 56:40, 1933.Crossref 16. Fulton, Jacobsen and Kennard,1b p. 529. 17. Schuster, P., and Caspar, J.: Zwangsgreifen und Stirnhirn (sowie einige Bemerkungen über das occipito-frontale Bündel) , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 129:739, 1930.Crossref 18. Armitage, G., and Meagher, R.: Gliomas of the Corpus Callosum , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 146:454, 1933.Crossref 19. Kennard, M. A., and Watts, J. W.: The Effect of Section of the Corpus Callosum on the Motor Performance of Monkeys , J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. , to be published. 20. Magnus, R.: Körperstellung und Labyrinthreflexe beim Affen , Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol. 194:396, 1922.Crossref 21. Magnus, R.: Körperstellung: Experimentell-physiologische Untersuchungen über die Einzelnen bei der Körperstellung in tätigkeit tretenden Reflexe, über ihr Zusammenwirkung und ihre Störungen , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1924. 22. Kennard, M. A.: Unpublished studies. 23. Pollock, L. J., and Davis, L.: Studies in Decerebration: VI. The Effect of Deafferentation upon Decerebrate Rigidity , Am. J. Physiol. 98:47, 1931. 24. Campbell, A. W.: Histological Studies on the Localization of Cerebral Function , London, Cambridge University Press, 1905. 25. Tilney, F., and Riley, H. A.: The Form and Functions of the Central Nervous System; An Introduction to the Study of Nervous Diseases , New York, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., 1923. 26. Kennard, M. A.: Vasomotor Representation in the Cerebral Cortex , Science , to be published. 27. Kennard, Viets and Fulton.3 28. Watts, J. W., and Fulton, J. F.: Intussusception—the Relation of the Cerebral Cortex to Intestinal Motility in the Monkey , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. , to be published.

Journal

Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – American Medical Association

Published: Feb 1, 1934

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