Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
F. Gilardi (2008)
Delegation in the Regulatory State: Independent Regulatory Agencies in Western Europe
A. Heritier, D. Lehmkuhl (2011)
Governing in the Shadow of Hierarchy: New Modes of Governance in Regulation
F. Gilardi, M. Maggetti (2011)
The Independence of Regulatory Authorities
Y. Papadopoulos (2003)
Cooperative forms of governance: Problems of democratic accountability in complex environmentsEuropean Journal of Political Research, 42
M. Döhler (2007)
Vom Amt zur Agentur? Organisationsvielfalt, Anpassungsdruck und institutionelle Wandlungsprozesse im deutschen Verwaltungsmodell, 15
M. Quintyn, E. Hüpkes, Michael Taylor (2005)
The Accountability of Financial Sector Supervisors Principles and Practice
Per Lægreid, K. Verhoest (2010)
Governance of Public Sector Organizations
D. Carpenter (1996)
Adaptive Signal Processing, Hierarchy, and Budgetary Control in Federal RegulationAmerican Political Science Review, 90
Tom Christensen, Per Lægreid (2002)
New Public Management: Puzzles of Democracy and the Influence of CitizensJournal of Political Philosophy, 10
Frank Vibert (2007)
The Rise of the Unelected: The Rise of the Unelected
Chris Rumford (2009)
:The Rise of the Unelected: Democracy and the New Separation of Powers
O. James (1995)
Bureaucracy in the modern state: an introduction to comparative public administrationInternational Affairs, 71
M. Philp (2009)
Delimiting Democratic AccountabilityPolitical Studies, 57
The EC lists 128 'letters of formal notice' (Germany: eight) and 33 referrals to the ECJ (Germany: two) regarding the implementation of the 2002 electronic communications regulatory framework
Kaare Strøm (2003)
Delegation and accountability in parliamentary democraciesEuropean Journal of Political Research, 37
G. Majone (1997)
From the Positive to the Regulatory State: Causes and Consequences of Changes in the Mode of GovernanceJournal of Public Policy, 17
A. Heritier, D. Lehmkuhl (2011)
New Modes of Governance and Democratic Accountability 1Government and Opposition, 46
S. Eijffinger, M. Hoeberichts, E. Schaling (2000)
A Theory of Central Bank AccountabilityCEPR Discussion Paper Series
A. Weale (2011)
New Modes of Governance, Political Accountability and Public Reason 1Government and Opposition, 46
G. Vinten (2000)
Public Management Reform. A Comparative AnalysisManagerial Auditing Journal, 15
(2002)
2002)Mehrheitsdemokratie und Institutionenreform. Verfassungspolitischer Wandel in Australien, Großbritannien, Kanada und Neuseeland im Vergleich
A. Favell (2009)
:Democracy in Europe: The EU and National PolitiesAmerican Journal of Sociology
R. Mulgan (2000)
'Accountability': an ever-expanding concept?Public Administration, 78
G. Debelle, S. Fischer (1994)
How independent should a central bank be, 38
K. Verhoest, Paul Roness, B. Verschuere, Kristin Rubecksen, Muiris MacCarthaigh (2010)
Autonomy and Control of State Agencies: Comparing States and Agencies
T. Diefenbach (2009)
Are case studies more than sophisticated storytelling?: Methodological problems of qualitative empirical research mainly based on semi-structured interviewsQuality & Quantity, 43
M. Quintyn, Silvia Ramirez, Michael Taylor (2007)
The Fear of Freedom: Politicians and the Independence and Accountability of Financial Sector SupervisorsBanking & Financial Institutions eJournal
Martin Heipertz, A. Verdun (2004)
The dog that would never bite? What we can learn from the origins of the Stability and Growth PactJournal of European Public Policy, 11
A. Rapoport, T. Schelling (1961)
The Strategy of Conflict.Journal of the American Statistical Association, 56
(2003)
Are agents able to control their principal’s control structures? An empirical investigation of parliamentary means to ‘keep an eye’ on the executive
M. Bovens (2007)
Analysing and Assessing Accountability: A Conceptual FrameworkWiley-Blackwell: European Law Journal
(2010)
European agencies and their boards. Promises and pitfalls of accountability. Conference ‘Public matters
Christine Horne, A. Cutlip (2002)
Sanctioning Costs and Norm EnforcementRationality and Society, 14
R. Mulgan (2003)
One Cheer for Hierarchy- Accountability in Disjointed Governance1Political Science, 55
K. Verhoest, Paul Roness, B. Verschuere, Kristin Rubecksen, Muiris MacCarthaigh (2010)
Autonomy and Control of State Agencies
Thomas Schillemans (2008)
Accountability in the Shadow of Hierarchy: The Horizontal Accountability of AgenciesPublic Organization Review, 8
Guy Halfteck (2008)
Legislative ThreatsLaw & Economics
S. Gailmard (2009)
Multiple Principals and Oversight of Bureaucratic Policy-MakingJournal of Theoretical Politics, 21
Alternatively to the terms 'actor' and 'forum', Pollitt (2003) uses 'accountee' and 'accountor
C. Freysen (1985)
Public administration and developmentDevelopment Southern Africa, 2
C. Friedrich (1938)
Constitutional Government and PoliticsHarvard Law Review, 51
J. Jordana, D. Levi‐Faur (2004)
The Politics of Regulation in the Age of Governance
G. Sartori (1970)
Concept Misformation in Comparative PoliticsAmerican Political Science Review, 64
J. Kelly (2001)
Regulation inside government: waste watchers, quality police and sleaze bustersPublic Administration, 73
Clive Briault, A. Haldane, M. King, M. King (1996)
Independence and Accountability
B. Verschuere, K. Verhoest, F. Meyers, B. Peters (2006)
Accountability and accountability arrangements in public agencies
D. Levi‐Faur (2006)
Varieties of Regulatory Capitalism: Getting the Most Out of the Comparative MethodGovernance, 19
C. Cornforth (2005)
The Governance of Public and Non-Profit Organizations
A. Follesdal (2011)
The Legitimacy Challenges for New Modes of Governance: Trustworthy ResponsivenessGovernment and Opposition, 46
Y. Papadopoulos (2010)
Accountability and Multi-level Governance: More Accountability, Less Democracy?West European Politics, 33
Burkard †, Edgar ‡ (2005)
Beyond delegation: transnational regulatory regimes and the eu regulatory stateJournal of European Public Policy, 12
M. Kahler, David Lake (2004)
Governance in a Global Economy: Political Authority in TransitionPS: Political Science & Politics, 37
R. Barro, D. Gordon (1983)
Rules, Discretion and Reputation in a Model of Monetary Policy
M. Bovens, Thomas Schillemans (2011)
The Challenge of Multiple Accountability: Does Redundancy Lead to Overload?
S. Sundar (2004)
The Politics of Regulation: Institutions and Regulatory Reforms for the Age of GovernanceInternational Journal of Regulation and Governance, 4
(2011)
Does horizontal accountability work? Evaluating potential remedies for the accountability deficit of agencies
K. Teigen, W. Brun (2011)
Responsibility is Divisible by Two, But Not by Three or Four: Judgments of Responsibility in Dyads and GroupsSocial Cognition, 29
F. Gilardi (2005)
The Institutional Foundations of Regulatory Capitalism: The Diffusion of Independent Regulatory Agencies in Western EuropeThe ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 598
Georg Vanberg (2004)
Veto Players: How Political Institutions WorkThe Journal of Politics, 66
K. Verhoest, B. Peters, G. Bouckaert, B. Verschuere (2004)
The study of organisational autonomy: a conceptual reviewPublic Administration and Development, 24
M. Busuioc (2009)
Accountability, Control and Independence: The Case of European AgenciesWiley-Blackwell: European Law Journal
Andreas Schedler, J. Santiso (1998)
Democracy and Time: An InvitationInternational Political Science Review, 19
Horizontal accountability. A partial remedy for the accountability deficit of agencies. 5th Transatlantic Dialogue, The Future of Governance
M. Bovens (2010)
Two Concepts of Accountability: Accountability as a Virtue and as a MechanismWest European Politics, 33
P. Day, R. Klein (1987)
Accountabilities: Five Public Services
(2005)
use this definition for regulatory regimes
G. Majone (1998)
The Regulatory State And Its Legitimacy Problems
Tom Christensen, Per Lægreid (2011)
Democracy and administrative policy: contrasting elements of New Public Management (NPM) and post-NPMEuropean Political Science Review, 3
K. Verhoest, Per Lægreid (2010)
Governance of Public Sector Organizations: Proliferation, Autonomy and Performance
G. Majone (2001)
Nonmajoritarian Institutions and the Limits of Democratic Governance: A Political Transaction-Cost ApproachJournal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics-zeitschrift Fur Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft, 157
S. Schmidt (1998)
Commission activism: subsuming telecommunications and electricity under European competition lawJournal of European Public Policy, 5
While we opted here for the more neutral term 'consequences', we use it interchangeably with 'sanctions' or 'sanctioning' throughout the article
D. Curtin, P. Mair, Y. Papadopoulos (2010)
Positioning Accountability in European Governance: An IntroductionWest European Politics, 33
K. Kersbergen, F. Waarden (2004)
‘Governance’ as a bridge between disciplines: Cross-disciplinary inspiration regarding shifts in governance and problems of governability, accountability and legitimacyEuropean Journal of Political Research, 43
Chris Uea, P. Larouche, Andreas Reindl (2012)
Independence, accountability and perceived quality of regulatorsA CERRE Study
C. Scott (2003)
Organizational Variety in Regulatory Governance: An Agenda for a Comparative Investigation of OECD CountriesPublic Organization Review, 3
C. Pollitt (2003)
The Essential Public Manager
J. Mahoney, Erin Kimball, Kendra Koivu (2009)
The Logic of Historical Explanation in the Social SciencesComparative Political Studies, 42
M. Maggetti (2010)
Legitimacy and Accountability of Independent Regulatory Agencies: A Critical Review, 2
(2002)
Mehrheitsdemokratie und Institutionenreform
Bernard Laurens, Jean-François Segalotto, Marco Arnone (2009)
Central Bank Independence, Accountability, and Transparency--A Global Perspective
M. Bovens, Thomas Schillemans, P. Hart (2008)
Does Public Accountability Work? An Assessment ToolPublic Administration, 86
R. Goodin (2003)
Democratic Accountability: The Distinctiveness of the Third SectorEuropean Journal of Sociology, 44
The Commission Directory enumerates 63 staff members in the respective units within DG Connect (B1, B2 and B3)
S. Thiel (2006)
The Governance of Public and Non-Profit Organisations: What do Boards do?Acta Politica, 41
Scott Mainwaring, Christopher Welna (2003)
Democratic accountability in Latin America
D. Masciandaro, M. Quintyn (2007)
Designing financial supervision institutions : independence, accountability and governance
Bernard Laurens, Marco Arnone, Jean-François Segalotto (2009)
Central Bank Independence, Accountability, and Transparency
Regulation has in many cases been delegated to independent agencies, which has led to the question of how democratic accountability of these agencies is ensured. There are few empirical approaches to agency accountability. We offer such an approach, resting upon three propositions. First, we scrutinize agency accountability both de jure (accountability is ensured by formal rights of accountability ‘fora’ to receive information and impose consequences) and de facto (the capability of fora to use these rights depends on resources and decision costs that affect the credibility of their sanctioning capacity). Second, accountability must be evaluated separately at political, operational and managerial levels. And third, at each level accountability is enacted by a system of several (partially) interdependent fora, forming together an accountability regime. The proposed framework is applied to the case of the German Bundesnetzagentur's accountability regime, which shows its suitability for empirical purposes.Points for practitionersRegulatory agencies are often considered as independent, yet accountable. This article provides a realistic framework for the study of accountability ‘regimes’ in which they are embedded. It emphasizes the need to identify the various actors (accountability fora) to which agencies are formally accountable (parliamentary committees, auditing bodies, courts, and so on) and to consider possible relationships between them. It argues that formal accountability ‘on paper’, as defined in official documents, does not fully account for de facto accountability, which depends on the resources possessed by the fora (mainly information-processing and decision-making capacities) and the credibility of their sanctioning capacities. The article applies this framework to the German Bundesnetzagentur.
International Review of Administrative Sciences: An International Journal of Comparative Public Administration – SAGE
Published: Jun 1, 2014
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.