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Im deutschsprachigen Raum sind explosionsbedingte Verletzungen in der präklinischen Notfallmedizin selten. Aufgrund der zunehmenden Globalisierung des Terrorismus muss jedoch auch in Deutschland jederzeit mit einem Sprengstoffanschlag gerechnet werden. Explosionsverletzungen werden entsprechend ihrer Verletzungsmechanismen in 4 Kategorien unterteilt: Primäre, sekundäre, tertiäre und quartäre Explosionsverletzungen. Die schädigenden Noxen sind Überdruckwelle, Splitter, Verletzungen durch Sturz oder Anpralltrauma sowie Feuer und heiße Rauchgase. Die Verletzungsschwere hängt dabei von diversen Faktoren ab. Entscheidend sind die Nähe zum Explosionsort, die Sprengstoffmenge sowie die Lokalisation des Detonationsorts an sich. Bei terroristischen Anschlägen besteht durch mögliche „dirty bombs“, Blindgänger und weitere Detonationen ein erhebliches Gefährdungspotenzial für die Einsatzkräfte. Dieser Situation muss einsatztaktisch unbedingt Rechnung getragen werden. Aufgrund der großen Anzahl an Verletzten, der spezifischen Verletzungsmuster sowie der Sicherheitslage muss die Abwicklung derartiger Einsätze als sehr anspruchsvoll angesehen werden.
Notfall + Rettungsmedizin – Springer Journals
Published: May 9, 2006
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