Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
R. Mohs, R. Doody, J. Morris, J. Ieni, S. Rogers, C. Perdomo, R. Pratt (2001)
A 1-year, placebo-controlled preservation of function survival study of donepezil in AD patientsNeurology, 57
W. Rosen, R. Terry, P. Fuld, R. Katzman, A. Peck (1980)
Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementiasAnnals of Neurology, 7
D. Sparks, Marwan Sabbagh, D. Connor, Jean Lopez, L. Launer, P. Browne, D. Wasser, S. Johnson-Traver, Jeffrey Lochhead, Chuck Ziolwolski (2005)
Atorvastatin for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: preliminary results.Archives of neurology, 62 5
D. Sparks, J. Hunsaker, S. Scheff, R. Kryscio, J. Henson, W. Markesbery (1990)
Cortical senile plaques in coronary artery disease, aging and Alzheimer's diseaseNeurobiology of Aging, 11
G. Mckhann, D. Drachman, M. Folstein, R. Katzman, D. Price, E. Stadlan (1984)
Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's diseaseNeurology, 34
K. Fassbender, M. Simons, C. Bergmann, M. Stroick, D. Lütjohann, P. Keller, H. Runz, S. Kühl, T. Bertsch, K. Bergmann, M. Hennerici, K. Beyreuther, T. Hartmann (2001)
Simvastatin strongly reduces levels of Alzheimer's disease β-amyloid peptides Aβ42 and Aβ40 in vitro and in vivoProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98
Helsinki, Finland., June, Venice, Hong Kong, September, Somerset West, Edinburgh, Scotland (2000)
World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Revised October 7, 2000HIV Clinical Trials, 2
M. Folstein, M. Folstein, S. Folstein, S. Folstein, P. McHugh, P. McHugh (1975)
“Mini-mental state”: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinicianJournal of Psychiatric Research, 12
R. Mohs, D. Knopman, R. Petersen, S. Ferris, C. Ernesto, M. Grundman, M. Sano, L. Bieliauskas, D. Geldmacher, C. Clark, L. Thai (1997)
Development of Cognitive Instruments for Use in Clinical Trials of Antidementia Drugs: Additions to the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale That Broaden Its ScopeAlzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 11
K. Höglund, A. Wallin, K. Blennow (2006)
Effect of statins on beta-amyloid metabolism in humans: potential importance for the development of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease.Acta neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 185
K. Fassbender, M. Simons, C. Bergmann, M. Stroick, D. Lutjohann, P. Keller, H. Runz, S. Kuhl, T. Bertsch, K. Bergmann, M. Hennerici, K. Beyreuther, T. Hartmann (2001)
Simvastatin strongly reduces levels of Alzheimer's disease beta -amyloid peptides Abeta 42 and Abeta 40 in vitro and in vivo.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98 10
C. Schweiger (2001)
[Statins and the risk of dementia].Italian heart journal. Supplement : official journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology, 2 3
S. Feasson (2008)
MRC/BHF heart protection study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals : a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
M. Haag, A. Hofman, P. Koudstaal, B. Stricker, M. Breteler (2008)
Statins are associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer disease regardless of lipophilicity. The Rotterdam StudyJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 80
J. Shepherd, G. Blauw, M. Murphy, E. Bollen, B. Buckley, S. Cobbe, I. Ford, A. Gaw, M. Hyland, J. Jukema, A. Kamper, P. Macfarlane, A. Meinders, J. Norrie, C. Packard, I. Perry, D. Stott, Brian Sweeney, Gillian Twomey, R. Westendorp (2002)
Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trialThe Lancet, 360
Leila Shobab, G. Hsiung, H. Feldman (2005)
Cholesterol in Alzheimer's diseaseThe Lancet Neurology, 4
W. Rosen, R. Mohs, K. Davis (1984)
A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease.The American journal of psychiatry, 141 11
P. Freeborough, Nick Fox (1997)
The boundary shift integral: an accurate and robust measure of cerebral volume changes from registered repeat MRIIEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 16
B. Dubois, H. Feldman, C. Jacova, S. DeKosky, P. Barberger‐Gateau, J. Cummings, A. Delacourte, D. Galasko, S. Gauthier, G. Jicha, K. Meguro, John O'Brien, F. Pasquier, P. Robert, M. Rossor, S. Salloway, Y. Stern, P. Visser, P. Scheltens (2007)
Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: revising the NINCDS–ADRDA criteriaThe Lancet Neurology, 6
line of high quality products featuring the best education programming and the latest science-all easily accessible from the convenience and comfort of your home, office, car
H. Hussain, Manzar Zakria, A. Arshad (2008)
STATINS, INCIDENT ALZHEIMER DISEASE, CHANGE IN COGNITIVE FUNCTION, AND NEUROPATHOLOGYNeurology, 71
M. Simons, P. Keller, B. Strooper, K. Beyreuther, C. Dotti, K. Simons (1998)
Cholesterol depletion inhibits the generation of beta-amyloid in hippocampal neurons.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95 11
S. Bodovitz, W. Klein (1996)
Cholesterol Modulates -Secretase Cleavage of Amyloid Precursor Protein (*)The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271
B. Wolozin, J. Manger, Dr Bryant, J. Cordy, R. Green, A. Mckee (2006)
Re‐assessing the relationship between cholesterol, statins and Alzheimer's diseaseActa Neurologica Scandinavica, 114
Christiane, Druml, Wolzt, Pleiner (2000)
World Medical Association Declaration of HelsinkiInternational Journal of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 14
J. Morris (1993)
The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR)Neurology, 43
P. Amarenco, J. Bogousslavsky, Callahan rd, L. Goldstein, M. Hennerici, A. Rudolph, H. Sillesen, L. Simunovic, M. Szarek, K. Welch, J. Zivin, Stroke Investigators (2006)
High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack.The New England Journal of Medicine, 355
World (WMA) (2009)
Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human SubjectsJahrbuch für Wissenschaft und Ethik, 14
L. Galatti, G. Polimeni, F. Salvo, Marcel Romaní, A. Sessa, E. Spina (2006)
Short‐Term Memory Loss Associated with RosuvastatinPharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 26
D. Claussen (1998)
Lipitor (atorvastatin calcium) tablets.Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates, 21 5
Roy Jones, M. Kivipelto, H. Feldman, Larry Sparks, R. Doody, D. Waters, J. Hey-Hadavi, A. Breazna, R. Schindler, Harry Ramos (2008)
The Atorvastatin/Donepezil in Alzheimer’s Disease Study (LEADe): Design and baseline characteristics ⁎ ⁎ Roy W. Jones and Miia Kivipelto contributed equally to the content of the manuscript.Alzheimer's & Dementia, 4
B. Austen, E. Frears, Huw Davies (2000)
Cholesterol upregulates production of Aβ 1–40 and 1–42 in transfected cellsNeurobiology of Aging, 21
S. Grundy, J. Cleeman, C Noel, B. Merz, H Brewer, L. Clark, D. Hunninghake, R. Pasternak, Sidney Smith, N. Stone (2004)
Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines.Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 44 3
L. Schneider, J. Olin, R. Doody, C. Clark, J. Morris, B. Reisberg, F. Schmitt, M. Grundman, R. Thomas, S. Ferris (1997)
Validity and reliability of the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Clinical Global Impression of Change. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study.Alzheimer disease and associated disorders, 11 Suppl 2
D. Howland, S. Trusko, M. Savage, A. Reaume, D. Lang, J. Hirsch, N. Maeda, R. Siman, B. Greenberg, R. Scott, D. Flood (1998)
Modulation of Secreted β-Amyloid Precursor Protein and Amyloid β-Peptide in Brain by Cholesterol*The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 273
S. Yusuf (2002)
MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. CommentaryThe Lancet, 360
J. Sled, A. Zijdenbos, Alan Evans (1998)
A nonparametric method for automatic correction of intensity nonuniformity in MRI dataIEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 17
J. Cummings, M. Mega, Kevin Gray, Susan Rosenberg-Thompson, D. Carusi, J. Gornbein (1994)
The Neuropsychiatric InventoryNeurology, 44
B. Strooper, W. Annaert (2000)
Proteolytic processing and cell biological functions of the amyloid precursor protein.Journal of cell science, 113 ( Pt 11)
J. Larosa, S. Grundy, D. Waters, C. Shear, P. Barter, J. Fruchart, A. Gotto, H. Greten, J. Kastelein, J. Shepherd, N. Wenger (2005)
Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease.The New England journal of medicine, 352 14
Deborah King, Amanda Wilburn, M. Wofford, T. Harrell, Brent Lindley, Daniel Jones (2003)
Cognitive Impairment Associated with Atorvastatin and SimvastatinPharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 23
D. Snowdon, L. Greiner, J. Mortimer, K. Riley, P. Greiner, W. Markesbery (1997)
Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease. The Nun Study.JAMA, 277 10
M. Perrin, M. Perrin, M. Terry, K. Kleinhaus, L. Deutsch, R. Yanetz, E. Tiram, R. Calderon, Yechiel Friedlander, Ora Paltiel, S. Harlap, S. Harlap (2007)
Gestational diabetes as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer: a prospective cohort studyBMC Medicine, 5
Ohidul Siddiqui, H. Hung, R. O'neill (2009)
MMRM vs. LOCF: A Comprehensive Comparison Based on Simulation Study and 25 NDA DatasetsJournal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 19
Randomized controlled trial of atorvastatin in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease LEADe H.H. Feldman, MD, ABSTRACT FRCP(C) Background: There is some evidence that statins may have a protective and symptomatic benefit R.S. Doody, MD, PhD in Alzheimer disease (AD). The LEADe study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the M. Kivipelto, MD, PhD efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in patients with mild to moderate AD. D.L. Sparks, PhD Methods: This was an international, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. D.D. Waters, MD Subjects had mild to moderate probable AD (Mini-Mental State Examination score 13–25), were R.W. Jones, MB, FRCP aged 50 –90 years, and were taking donepezil 10 mg daily for 3 months prior to screening. E. Schwam, PhD Entry low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (LDL-C) were 95 and 195 mg/dL. Patients R. Schindler, MD were randomized to atorvastatin 80 mg/day or placebo for 72 weeks followed by a double-blind, J. Hey-Hadavi, MD 8-week atorvastatin withdrawal phase. Coprimary endpoints were changes in cognition (Alzhei- D.A. DeMicco, PharmD mer’s Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale [ADAS-Cog]) and global function (Alzhei- A. Breazna, PhD mer’s Disease Cooperative Study Clinical Global Impression of Change [ADCS-CGIC]) at 72 On behalf of the LEADe weeks. Investigators Results:
Neurology – Wolters Kluwer Health
Published: Mar 1, 2010
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.