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Innate immunity to virus infection

Innate immunity to virus infection Summary:  The innate immune system is essential for the initial detection of invading viruses and subsequent activation of adaptive immunity. Three classes of receptors, designated retinoic acid‐inducible gene I (RIG‐I)‐like receptors (RLRs), Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), and nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)‐like receptors (NLRs), sense viral components, such as double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA), single‐stranded RNA, and DNA. RLRs and TLRs play essential roles in the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines in cell type‐specific manners. While the RLRs play essential roles in the recognition of RNA viruses in various cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells utilize TLRs for detecting virus invasion. NLRs play a role in the production of mature interleukin‐1β to dsRNA stimulation. Activation of innate immune cells is critical for mounting adaptive immune responses. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of viral RNA recognition by these different types of receptors and its relation to acquired immune responses. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Immunological Reviews Wiley

Innate immunity to virus infection

Immunological Reviews , Volume 227 (1) – Jan 1, 2009

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References (119)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
Copyright © 2009 Wiley Subscription Services
ISSN
0105-2896
eISSN
1600-065X
DOI
10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00737.x
pmid
19120477
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Summary:  The innate immune system is essential for the initial detection of invading viruses and subsequent activation of adaptive immunity. Three classes of receptors, designated retinoic acid‐inducible gene I (RIG‐I)‐like receptors (RLRs), Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), and nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)‐like receptors (NLRs), sense viral components, such as double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA), single‐stranded RNA, and DNA. RLRs and TLRs play essential roles in the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines in cell type‐specific manners. While the RLRs play essential roles in the recognition of RNA viruses in various cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells utilize TLRs for detecting virus invasion. NLRs play a role in the production of mature interleukin‐1β to dsRNA stimulation. Activation of innate immune cells is critical for mounting adaptive immune responses. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of viral RNA recognition by these different types of receptors and its relation to acquired immune responses.

Journal

Immunological ReviewsWiley

Published: Jan 1, 2009

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