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Neurotic Symptom Dimensions: As Perceived by Psychiatrists and Patients of Various Social Classes

Neurotic Symptom Dimensions: As Perceived by Psychiatrists and Patients of Various Social Classes Abstract This study examined the constancy of a set of dimensions reflecting basic neurotic symptomology as perceived by psychiatrists and patients of various social classes. Five symptom dimensions derived through factor-analytic procedures were employed. The sample of 1,066 anxious neurotic outpatients completed selfratings on the Symptom Distress Checklist and an independent set of psychiatrists' ratings were available for a subsample of 837 patients. Assignment of the patients to one of three social class groups was made in terms of the Hollingshead Two-Factor Index of Social Position. The congruency coefficient and the coefficient of invariance were used to evaluate the contrasts and were highly compatible in regard to the major conclusions reached. Findings indicated a high level of similarity, both among patients and between patients and psychiatrists regarding their interpretations. Those differences that were observed tended to be focused in comparisons involving the lowerstatus patients. References 1. Lorr M: A typology for functional psychotics , in Katz M, Cole J, Barton W (eds): Classification in Psychiatry and Psychopathology . Chevy Chase, Md, Public Health Service, National Institute of Mental Health, 1966. 2. Overall JE, Hollister LE: Studies of quantitative approaches to psychiatric classification , in Katz M, Cole J, Barton W (eds): Classification in Psychiatry and Psychopathology . Chevy Chase, Md, Public Health Service, National Institute of Mental Health, 1968. 3. Katz MM: The dimensional typological approaches to assessment and prediction in psychopharmacology , in Efron D (ed): Psychopharmacology: A Review of Progress 1957-1967 . Chevy Chase, Md, Public Health Service, National Institute of Mental Health, 1968. 4. Lorr M, Klett CJ, McNair DM: Syndromes of Psychosis . New York, Macmillan Co Publishers, 1963. 5. Lorr M, Klett CJ: Constancy of psychotic syndromes in men and women . J Consult Psychol 29:309-313, 1965.Crossref 6. Petras JW, Curtis JE: The current literature on social class and mental illness in America . Behav Sci 13:382-398, 1968.Crossref 7. Derogatis LR, Covi L, Lipman RS, et al: Social class and race as mediator variables in neurotic symptomatology. Arch Gen Psychiat, to be published. 8. Hollingshead AB, Redlich FC: Social Class and Mental Illness . New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1958. 9. Yamamoto J, Goin MK: On the treatment of the poor . Amer J Psychiat 122:167-271, 1965. 10. Frank JD, Gliedman LH, Imber SD, et al: Why patients leave psychotherapy . Arch Neurol Psychiat 77:283-299, 1957.Crossref 11. Heine RW, Trosman H: Initial expectations of the doctor-patient interaction as a factor in continuance in psychotherapy . Psychiatry 23:275-278, 1960. 12. Storrow HA: Psychiatric treatment and the lower class patient . Arch Gen Psychiat 6:91-95, 1962.Crossref 13. Overall B, Aronson H: Expectations of psychotherapy in patients of lower socioeconomic class . Amer J Orthopsychiat 33:421-430, 1963.Crossref 14. Shane M: Some subcultural considerations in the psychotherapy of a Negro patient . Psychiat Quart 34:9-27, 1960.Crossref 15. Carkhuff RR, Perice R: Differential effects of therapist race and social class upon patient depth of self exploration in the initial clinical interview . J Consult Psychol 31:632-634, 1967.Crossref 16. Parloff MB, Kellman HC, Frank JD: Comfort, effectiveness, and self awareness as criteria of improvement in psychotherapy . Amer J Psychiat 111:343-351, 1954. 17. Lipman RS, Park LC, Rickels K: Sensitivity of symptom and nonsymptom focused criteria of outpatient drug efficacy . Amer J Psychiat 122:24-27, 1965. 18. Uhlenhuth EH, Rickels K, Fisher S, et al: Drug, doctors verbal attitude, and clinic setting in the symptomatic response to pharmacotherapy . Psychopharmacologia 9:392-418, 1966.Crossref 19. Rickels K, Lipman RS, Covi L, et al: Drug, doctor warmth, and clinic setting in the symptomatic response to pharmacotherapy. Psychopharmacologia, to be published. 20. Williams HV, Lipman RS, Rickels K, et al: Replication of symptom distress factors in anxious neurotic outpatients . Multivariate Behav Res 3:199-212, 1968.Crossref 21. Lipman RS, Rickels K, Covi L, et al: Factors of symptom distress: Doctor ratings of anxious neurotic outpatients . Arch Gen Psychiat 21:328-338, 1969.Crossref 22. Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Covi L, et al: Dimensions of outpatient neurotic pathology: Comparison of a clinical versus an empirical assessment . J Consult Clin Psychol 34:164-171, 1970.Crossref 23. Hollingshead AB: Two-Factor Index of Social Position , mimeograph, New Haven, Conn, 1957. 24. Harman HH: Modern Factor Analysis . Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1967. 25. Kaiser HE: The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis . Psychometrika 23:187-200, 1958.Crossref 26. Cattell RB, Balcar KL, Horn JL, et al: Factor matching procedures: An improvement of the S-index, with tables . Educ Psychol Meas 29:781-792, 1969.Crossref 27. Tucker LR: A Method for Synthesis of Factor Analytic Studies , Personnel Research Section Report No. 984, Department of the Army, 1951. 28. Pinneau SR, Newhouse A: Measure of invariance and comparability in factor analysis for fixed variables . Psychometrika 29:271-281, 1964.Crossref 29. Derogatis LR, Kallman CH, Davis DM: FMATCH: A program to evaluate the degree of equivalence of factors derived from analyses of different samples. Behav Sci, to be published. 30. Glass GV, Maguire TO: Abuses of factor scores . Amer Educ Res J 3:297-304, 1966.Crossref 31. Lemkau PV, Crocetti GM: An urban population's opinion and knowledge about mental illness . Amer J Psychiat 118:692-700, 1962. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of General Psychiatry American Medical Association

Neurotic Symptom Dimensions: As Perceived by Psychiatrists and Patients of Various Social Classes

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References (29)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1971 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-990X
eISSN
1598-3636
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.1971.01750110066011
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Abstract

Abstract This study examined the constancy of a set of dimensions reflecting basic neurotic symptomology as perceived by psychiatrists and patients of various social classes. Five symptom dimensions derived through factor-analytic procedures were employed. The sample of 1,066 anxious neurotic outpatients completed selfratings on the Symptom Distress Checklist and an independent set of psychiatrists' ratings were available for a subsample of 837 patients. Assignment of the patients to one of three social class groups was made in terms of the Hollingshead Two-Factor Index of Social Position. The congruency coefficient and the coefficient of invariance were used to evaluate the contrasts and were highly compatible in regard to the major conclusions reached. Findings indicated a high level of similarity, both among patients and between patients and psychiatrists regarding their interpretations. Those differences that were observed tended to be focused in comparisons involving the lowerstatus patients. References 1. Lorr M: A typology for functional psychotics , in Katz M, Cole J, Barton W (eds): Classification in Psychiatry and Psychopathology . Chevy Chase, Md, Public Health Service, National Institute of Mental Health, 1966. 2. Overall JE, Hollister LE: Studies of quantitative approaches to psychiatric classification , in Katz M, Cole J, Barton W (eds): Classification in Psychiatry and Psychopathology . Chevy Chase, Md, Public Health Service, National Institute of Mental Health, 1968. 3. Katz MM: The dimensional typological approaches to assessment and prediction in psychopharmacology , in Efron D (ed): Psychopharmacology: A Review of Progress 1957-1967 . Chevy Chase, Md, Public Health Service, National Institute of Mental Health, 1968. 4. Lorr M, Klett CJ, McNair DM: Syndromes of Psychosis . New York, Macmillan Co Publishers, 1963. 5. Lorr M, Klett CJ: Constancy of psychotic syndromes in men and women . J Consult Psychol 29:309-313, 1965.Crossref 6. Petras JW, Curtis JE: The current literature on social class and mental illness in America . Behav Sci 13:382-398, 1968.Crossref 7. Derogatis LR, Covi L, Lipman RS, et al: Social class and race as mediator variables in neurotic symptomatology. Arch Gen Psychiat, to be published. 8. Hollingshead AB, Redlich FC: Social Class and Mental Illness . New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1958. 9. Yamamoto J, Goin MK: On the treatment of the poor . Amer J Psychiat 122:167-271, 1965. 10. Frank JD, Gliedman LH, Imber SD, et al: Why patients leave psychotherapy . Arch Neurol Psychiat 77:283-299, 1957.Crossref 11. Heine RW, Trosman H: Initial expectations of the doctor-patient interaction as a factor in continuance in psychotherapy . Psychiatry 23:275-278, 1960. 12. Storrow HA: Psychiatric treatment and the lower class patient . Arch Gen Psychiat 6:91-95, 1962.Crossref 13. Overall B, Aronson H: Expectations of psychotherapy in patients of lower socioeconomic class . Amer J Orthopsychiat 33:421-430, 1963.Crossref 14. Shane M: Some subcultural considerations in the psychotherapy of a Negro patient . Psychiat Quart 34:9-27, 1960.Crossref 15. Carkhuff RR, Perice R: Differential effects of therapist race and social class upon patient depth of self exploration in the initial clinical interview . J Consult Psychol 31:632-634, 1967.Crossref 16. Parloff MB, Kellman HC, Frank JD: Comfort, effectiveness, and self awareness as criteria of improvement in psychotherapy . Amer J Psychiat 111:343-351, 1954. 17. Lipman RS, Park LC, Rickels K: Sensitivity of symptom and nonsymptom focused criteria of outpatient drug efficacy . Amer J Psychiat 122:24-27, 1965. 18. Uhlenhuth EH, Rickels K, Fisher S, et al: Drug, doctors verbal attitude, and clinic setting in the symptomatic response to pharmacotherapy . Psychopharmacologia 9:392-418, 1966.Crossref 19. Rickels K, Lipman RS, Covi L, et al: Drug, doctor warmth, and clinic setting in the symptomatic response to pharmacotherapy. Psychopharmacologia, to be published. 20. Williams HV, Lipman RS, Rickels K, et al: Replication of symptom distress factors in anxious neurotic outpatients . Multivariate Behav Res 3:199-212, 1968.Crossref 21. Lipman RS, Rickels K, Covi L, et al: Factors of symptom distress: Doctor ratings of anxious neurotic outpatients . Arch Gen Psychiat 21:328-338, 1969.Crossref 22. Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Covi L, et al: Dimensions of outpatient neurotic pathology: Comparison of a clinical versus an empirical assessment . J Consult Clin Psychol 34:164-171, 1970.Crossref 23. Hollingshead AB: Two-Factor Index of Social Position , mimeograph, New Haven, Conn, 1957. 24. Harman HH: Modern Factor Analysis . Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1967. 25. Kaiser HE: The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis . Psychometrika 23:187-200, 1958.Crossref 26. Cattell RB, Balcar KL, Horn JL, et al: Factor matching procedures: An improvement of the S-index, with tables . Educ Psychol Meas 29:781-792, 1969.Crossref 27. Tucker LR: A Method for Synthesis of Factor Analytic Studies , Personnel Research Section Report No. 984, Department of the Army, 1951. 28. Pinneau SR, Newhouse A: Measure of invariance and comparability in factor analysis for fixed variables . Psychometrika 29:271-281, 1964.Crossref 29. Derogatis LR, Kallman CH, Davis DM: FMATCH: A program to evaluate the degree of equivalence of factors derived from analyses of different samples. Behav Sci, to be published. 30. Glass GV, Maguire TO: Abuses of factor scores . Amer Educ Res J 3:297-304, 1966.Crossref 31. Lemkau PV, Crocetti GM: An urban population's opinion and knowledge about mental illness . Amer J Psychiat 118:692-700, 1962.

Journal

Archives of General Psychiatry – American Medical Association

Published: May 1, 1971

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