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Ruby Yaryan, Leon Festinger (1961)
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E. Aronson, J. Mills (1959)
The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group.The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59
A. Ehrenberg, E. Lindquist (1953)
Design and analysis of experiments in psychology and education
L. Festinger (1957)
A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
E. Aronson, J. Carlsmith (1962)
Performance expectancy as a determinant of actual performance.Journal of abnormal and social psychology, 65
L. Festinger (1954)
A Theory of Social Comparison ProcessesHuman Relations, 7
Ss in this experiment observed 2 people working together at an anagrams task. Ss were told, at the outset, that 1 of the 2 workers was selected by chance to be paid a sizable amount of money for his efforts whereas the other worker was to get nothing. Ss also learned that both workers, though ignorant of their fate, had agreed to do their best. In addition, the 2 workers differed in attractiveness for the Ss––one was considerably more attractive than the other. The major hypotheses of the study were confirmed. Once the outcome was known to the observers they tended to persuade themselves that the person who had been awarded the money by chance had really earned it, after all. Also, when the less attractive worker was selected for payment the performance of the entire group was devalued.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology – American Psychological Association
Published: Apr 1, 1965
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