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Current Topics in Innate ImmunityThe Journey of Toll-like Receptors in the Cell

Current Topics in Innate Immunity: The Journey of Toll-like Receptors in the Cell 1,2 1 1 Øyvind Halaas , Harald Husebye and Terje Espevik Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, N-7489 Trondheim, Norway. [email protected] St. Olavs Hospital, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway 1 Introduction Multicellular organisms are constantly challenged by microbes that are threatening to invade the host and causing genome or tissue destruction and pathology. In order to fight back attacks it is essential for the host to detect pathogens early before any tissue damage has occurred. For this purpose the Toll-like receptors (TLR) emerged as conserved microbial recognition proteins in species as different as worms (Caenorhabditis elegans) and humans. To date, 12 different TLRs have been found in mammals. TLR1, 2, 4, and 6 are found on the plasma membrane of immune cells and recognize lipoproteins and lipoglycans found on the surface of microbes. TLR5 is also on the plasma membrane and recognizes the motility apparatus protein flagellin. TLR3, 7, 8 and 9 are found intracellularly in immune cells and recognize a variety of nucleotides and nucleoside analogues found more frequently in microbes than in vertebrates. Lack of TLR signaling may results in severe loss of anti-microbial defense, and erroneous TLR signaling may result in allergies, auto-immunity or cancer (Bohnhorst, http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png

Current Topics in Innate ImmunityThe Journey of Toll-like Receptors in the Cell

Part of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Book Series (volume 598)
Editors: Lambris, John D.
Halaas, Øyvind; Husebye, Harald; Espevik1, Terje
Current Topics in Innate Immunity — Jan 1, 2007
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References (44)

Publisher
Springer New York
Copyright
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007
ISBN
978-0-387-71765-4
Pages
35–48
DOI
10.1007/978-0-387-71767-8_4
Publisher site
See Chapter on Publisher Site

Abstract

1,2 1 1 Øyvind Halaas , Harald Husebye and Terje Espevik Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, N-7489 Trondheim, Norway. [email protected] St. Olavs Hospital, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway 1 Introduction Multicellular organisms are constantly challenged by microbes that are threatening to invade the host and causing genome or tissue destruction and pathology. In order to fight back attacks it is essential for the host to detect pathogens early before any tissue damage has occurred. For this purpose the Toll-like receptors (TLR) emerged as conserved microbial recognition proteins in species as different as worms (Caenorhabditis elegans) and humans. To date, 12 different TLRs have been found in mammals. TLR1, 2, 4, and 6 are found on the plasma membrane of immune cells and recognize lipoproteins and lipoglycans found on the surface of microbes. TLR5 is also on the plasma membrane and recognizes the motility apparatus protein flagellin. TLR3, 7, 8 and 9 are found intracellularly in immune cells and recognize a variety of nucleotides and nucleoside analogues found more frequently in microbes than in vertebrates. Lack of TLR signaling may results in severe loss of anti-microbial defense, and erroneous TLR signaling may result in allergies, auto-immunity or cancer (Bohnhorst,

Published: Jan 1, 2007

Keywords: Endoplasmic Reticulum; Early Endosome; Late Endosome; Clathrin Heavy Chain; FYVE Domain

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