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Epigenetic characterization of the early embryo with a chromatin immunoprecipitation protocol applicable to small cell populations

Epigenetic characterization of the early embryo with a chromatin immunoprecipitation protocol... Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) defines the genomic distribution of proteins and their modifications but is limited by the cell numbers required (ideally >107). Here we describe a protocol that uses carrier chromatin and PCR, 'carrier' ChIP (CChIP), to permit analysis of as few as 100 cells. We assayed histone modifications at key regulator genes (such as Nanog, Pou5f1 (also known as Oct4) and Cdx2) by CChIP in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and in inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm of cultured blastocysts. Activating and silencing modifications (H4 acetylation and H3K9 methylation) mark active and silent promoters as predicted, and we find close correlation between values derived from CChIP (1,000 ES cells) and conventional ChIP (5 × 107 ES cells). Studies on genes silenced in both ICM and ES cells (Cdx2, Cfc1, Hhex and Nkx2-2, also known as Nkx) show that the intensity of silencing marks is relatively diminished in ES cells, indicating a possible relaxation of some components of silencing on adaptation to culture. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Nature Genetics Springer Journals

Epigenetic characterization of the early embryo with a chromatin immunoprecipitation protocol applicable to small cell populations

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References (52)

Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © 2006 by Nature Publishing Group
Subject
Biomedicine; Biomedicine, general; Human Genetics; Cancer Research; Agriculture; Gene Function; Animal Genetics and Genomics
ISSN
1061-4036
eISSN
1546-1718
DOI
10.1038/ng1820
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) defines the genomic distribution of proteins and their modifications but is limited by the cell numbers required (ideally >107). Here we describe a protocol that uses carrier chromatin and PCR, 'carrier' ChIP (CChIP), to permit analysis of as few as 100 cells. We assayed histone modifications at key regulator genes (such as Nanog, Pou5f1 (also known as Oct4) and Cdx2) by CChIP in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and in inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm of cultured blastocysts. Activating and silencing modifications (H4 acetylation and H3K9 methylation) mark active and silent promoters as predicted, and we find close correlation between values derived from CChIP (1,000 ES cells) and conventional ChIP (5 × 107 ES cells). Studies on genes silenced in both ICM and ES cells (Cdx2, Cfc1, Hhex and Nkx2-2, also known as Nkx) show that the intensity of silencing marks is relatively diminished in ES cells, indicating a possible relaxation of some components of silencing on adaptation to culture.

Journal

Nature GeneticsSpringer Journals

Published: Jun 11, 2006

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