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Why the Mediterranean diet lowers the risk of heart disease

Why the Mediterranean diet lowers the risk of heart disease Dear Sir The Mediterranean diet is characterized by high consumption of plants and fish as well as olive oil and moderate intake of wines, which can lower the risks of heart disease and diabetes and extend the lifespan.1–3 Plant proteins generally have lower levels of essential amino acids than animal proteins, and particular essential amino acids are rich in some virulent proteins of viruses which may be stressful to cells.4 For instance, the essential amino acid valine possesses two gamma methyl groups which enable σ-σ hyperconjugation, and simultaneous van der Waals interaction with its carbonyl group generates cation affinities on carbonyl oxygen which enhance the formation of insoluble and rigid salts with organic acids.5 As aquatic creatures, fish are rich in hydrogen bond donors and acceptors which are capable of building up acids and then dissolving insoluble salts and reducing stresses. Fish are also rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which possess interconnected σ-π hyperconjugation generating cation affinities, consequently capable of excluding cations from blood vessels and organs.6 The protective role of wines has recently been attributed to the inhibition of oxalate generation,7 and calcium oxalate is extremely insoluble and a major component of kidney stones. Being structurally similar to oxalate, wines and acetic acid have been shown to extend the lifespan.7 The Mediterranean region climate is high in temperature, and energy metabolism is less robust than in northern Europe. The shunt of Krebs cycle thus generates less oxalate and confers less stress on humans in the Mediterranean region. It has been previously reported that the mortality rates in winter are higher than those in other seasons.8 Author contribution QL contributed to the conception and design. YZ contributed to the conception. QL contributed to the acquisition, analysis or interpretation of data. YZ, YS, YW, and ZY contributed to analysis. QL drafted the manuscript. YZ, YS, YW, and ZY critically revised the manuscript. All gave final approval and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work ensuring integrity and accuracy. Declaration of conflicting interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Funding The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by grants from the Guangdong Science and Technology Program (2016B020204001, 2008B020100001) and Guangzhou Science and Technology Program (General Project 2018) to Q. Liu. References 1 Maiorino MI , Bellastella G, Petrizzo Met al. Effect of a Mediterranean diet on endothelial progenitor cells and carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes: Follow-up of a randomized trial . Eur J Prev Cardiol 2017 ; 24 : 399 – 408 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 2 Sánchez-Taínta A , Estruch R, Bulló Met al. Adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet and reduced prevalence of clustered cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of 3204 high-risk patients . Eur J Prev Cardiol 2008 ; 15 : 589 – 593 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat 3 Bonaccio M , Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo Set al. Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet and mortality in subjects with diabetes. Prospective results from the MOLI-SANI study . Eur J Prev Cardiol 2016 ; 23 : 400 – 407 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 4 Tang M, Weng S, Yu G, et al. Re: Sequence features of the virulence protein VP24 of Ebola virus [e-letter]. Available at: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6279/1339/tab-e-letters (2017, accessed 13 August 2017) . 5 Zou J, Zhou Y, Tang M, et al. RE: Site-specific phosphorylation of tau inhibits amyloid-β toxicity in Alzheimer's mice [e-letter]. Available at: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6314/904/tab-e-letters (2017, accessed 13 August 2017) . 6 Ye Z, Ganesan A, Wang F, et al. Re: Omega-3 fatty acids and delocalized electrons [e-letter]. Available at: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6308/69/tab-e-letters (2017, accessed 13 August 2017) . 7 Shi Y, Wan Y, Zhou Y, et al. Why various wines reduce the risks of heart diseases. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2017. DOI: 10.1177/2047487317730171 . 8 Callaly E , Mikulich O, Silke B. Increased winter mortality: The effect of season, temperature and deprivation in the acutely ill medical patient . Eur J Intern Med 2013 ; 24 : 546 – 551 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat © The European Society of Cardiology 2017 This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) © The European Society of Cardiology 2017 http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png European Journal of Preventive Cardiology Oxford University Press

Why the Mediterranean diet lowers the risk of heart disease

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References (8)

Publisher
Oxford University Press
Copyright
Copyright © 2022 European Society of Cardiology
ISSN
2047-4873
eISSN
2047-4881
DOI
10.1177/2047487317730653
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Abstract

Dear Sir The Mediterranean diet is characterized by high consumption of plants and fish as well as olive oil and moderate intake of wines, which can lower the risks of heart disease and diabetes and extend the lifespan.1–3 Plant proteins generally have lower levels of essential amino acids than animal proteins, and particular essential amino acids are rich in some virulent proteins of viruses which may be stressful to cells.4 For instance, the essential amino acid valine possesses two gamma methyl groups which enable σ-σ hyperconjugation, and simultaneous van der Waals interaction with its carbonyl group generates cation affinities on carbonyl oxygen which enhance the formation of insoluble and rigid salts with organic acids.5 As aquatic creatures, fish are rich in hydrogen bond donors and acceptors which are capable of building up acids and then dissolving insoluble salts and reducing stresses. Fish are also rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which possess interconnected σ-π hyperconjugation generating cation affinities, consequently capable of excluding cations from blood vessels and organs.6 The protective role of wines has recently been attributed to the inhibition of oxalate generation,7 and calcium oxalate is extremely insoluble and a major component of kidney stones. Being structurally similar to oxalate, wines and acetic acid have been shown to extend the lifespan.7 The Mediterranean region climate is high in temperature, and energy metabolism is less robust than in northern Europe. The shunt of Krebs cycle thus generates less oxalate and confers less stress on humans in the Mediterranean region. It has been previously reported that the mortality rates in winter are higher than those in other seasons.8 Author contribution QL contributed to the conception and design. YZ contributed to the conception. QL contributed to the acquisition, analysis or interpretation of data. YZ, YS, YW, and ZY contributed to analysis. QL drafted the manuscript. YZ, YS, YW, and ZY critically revised the manuscript. All gave final approval and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work ensuring integrity and accuracy. Declaration of conflicting interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Funding The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by grants from the Guangdong Science and Technology Program (2016B020204001, 2008B020100001) and Guangzhou Science and Technology Program (General Project 2018) to Q. Liu. References 1 Maiorino MI , Bellastella G, Petrizzo Met al. Effect of a Mediterranean diet on endothelial progenitor cells and carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes: Follow-up of a randomized trial . Eur J Prev Cardiol 2017 ; 24 : 399 – 408 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 2 Sánchez-Taínta A , Estruch R, Bulló Met al. Adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet and reduced prevalence of clustered cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of 3204 high-risk patients . Eur J Prev Cardiol 2008 ; 15 : 589 – 593 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat 3 Bonaccio M , Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo Set al. Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet and mortality in subjects with diabetes. Prospective results from the MOLI-SANI study . Eur J Prev Cardiol 2016 ; 23 : 400 – 407 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat 4 Tang M, Weng S, Yu G, et al. Re: Sequence features of the virulence protein VP24 of Ebola virus [e-letter]. Available at: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6279/1339/tab-e-letters (2017, accessed 13 August 2017) . 5 Zou J, Zhou Y, Tang M, et al. RE: Site-specific phosphorylation of tau inhibits amyloid-β toxicity in Alzheimer's mice [e-letter]. Available at: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6314/904/tab-e-letters (2017, accessed 13 August 2017) . 6 Ye Z, Ganesan A, Wang F, et al. Re: Omega-3 fatty acids and delocalized electrons [e-letter]. Available at: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6308/69/tab-e-letters (2017, accessed 13 August 2017) . 7 Shi Y, Wan Y, Zhou Y, et al. Why various wines reduce the risks of heart diseases. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2017. DOI: 10.1177/2047487317730171 . 8 Callaly E , Mikulich O, Silke B. Increased winter mortality: The effect of season, temperature and deprivation in the acutely ill medical patient . Eur J Intern Med 2013 ; 24 : 546 – 551 . Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS PubMed WorldCat © The European Society of Cardiology 2017 This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) © The European Society of Cardiology 2017

Journal

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology – Oxford University Press

Published: Nov 1, 2017

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