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Results on Total and Elastic Cross Sections in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV Obtained with the STAR Detector at RHIC

Results on Total and Elastic Cross Sections in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV... RESULTS ON TOTAL AND ELASTIC CROSS SECTIONS IN PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS AT s = 200 GeV OBTAINED WITH THE STAR DETECTOR AT RHIC For the STAR Collaboration B. Pawlik Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Cracow, Poland W. Guryn Brookhaven National Laboratory, Department of Physics Upton, NY 119735000, USA We report the rst results on di erential, total and elastic cross sections in proton-proton colli- sions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at s = 200 GeV. The data were obtained with the Roman Pot Detector subsystem of the STAR experiment. The data used for this analysis cover the four-momentum transfer squared (t) range 0:045  jtj  0:135 (GeV/c) . The Roman Pot system was placed downstream of the STAR detector. During the data taking the Roman Pots were moved to 8 , the vertical distance of from the beam center. They were operated during standard data taking procedure. The results include values of the exponential slope parameter (B), elastic cross section ( ) and the total cross section ( ) el tot obtained by extrapolation of the elastic di erential cross section (d=dt) to the optical point at t = 0 (GeV/c) . The detector setup and analysis procedure are reviewed. All results are compared with the world data. Presented at EDS Blois 2019 The 18th Conference on Elastic and Di ractive Scattering Quy Nhon, Vietnam, June 2328, 2019 1 The Experiment Results presented here are based on data collected with pp2pp Roman Pots part of the STAR detector at RHIC. The Roman Pots (RPs) setup Fig. 1 consisted of four stations with two of them (W1,W2) placed at 15.8 and 17.6 meters downstream, (West) from interaction point (IP) and other two (E1,E2) symmetrically upstream, (East) from IP. Each RP station consists of two Roman Pots ( one above and the other below beam line) each equipped with package of 4 silicon strip detector (Si) planes, two planes for measuring X and the other two for Y positions of the particle track. The scintillation counter placed behind Si planes and read by two PMTs was used to trigger on candidate events. Candidate event had to ful ll the trigger condition, from here referred to as RP ET, requiring presence of the signal in at least one Roman Pot (RP) on each side of IP. arXiv:2005.00776v2 [hep-ex] 5 May 2020 Figure 1 { The layout of Roman Pots system at STAR (left) and example of reconstructed points con guration for elastic event detected in arm EDWU (right) . Figure 2 { Acceptance as function four-momentum transfer t (left), West-East co-linearity  vs  (right). Y X 2 Data Set 30 2 1 Data were taken with nominal beam conditions = 0:85m, luminosity  45 10 cm sec . There were approximately 6.7 millions events ful lling trigger condition RP_ET recorded for inte- grated luminosity 1.8pb . The geometrical acceptance was constrained by the closest possible approach of the detector to the beam and, the aperture of the beam line elements (DX magnet) in front of the detector. The closest achieved distance of the rst strip was  30 mm correspond- ing to minimum four-momentum transfer jt j ' 0.03 GeV . The aperture of DX magnet sets min the maximum achievable four-momentum transfer jt j 0.25 GeV . The detector acceptance max as function of four-momentum transfer jtj is shown in g.2. 2.1 Event Reconstruction All events collected with trigger RP_ET underwent reconstruction procedure. First, in all RPs in each detector Si plane clusters - continuous set of strips with signal above threshold - were formed. Next, clusters found in two X-planes were matched by comparing their positions x and x and nding the pair with minimum distance x = jx x j smaller then 200m (twice Si 2 c 1 2 detector strip pitch). Analogous procedure was repeated for two Y-planes. Unmatched clusters, if any, were considered as detector noise or random background and were neglected. Pairs of clusters matched in x and y-plane de ned space points X and Y coordinates of the proton RP RP track. These were used to calculate the local angles  and  in (x,z) and (y,z) planes as: x Y X X Y Y RP1 RP2 RP1 RP2 = and  = (1) X Y Z Z Z Z RP1 RP2 RP1 RP2 where subscripts RPs(RPs) denote RP stations 1(2) at same side of IP and Z (Z ) are z- RP1 RP2 positions of the stations. For small scattering angles in this experiment, to a good approximation the four-momentum transfer t was calculated with formula: 2 2 2 2 2 t = p   = p  ( +  ) (2) X Y 2 2 where p is proton momentum,  =  +  scattering angle and  ;  calculated as in eq.1. X Y X Y The RPs system was positioned and aligned with respect to nominal beam trajectory, hence the angles  and  provide direct measurement of the projections of scattering angle  on (x,z) X Y and (y,z) plane, respectively. 2.2 Elastic Scattering Event Selection The hardware trigger requiring signal in at least one RP on each side of IP was very inclusive. The clean pattern indicating elastic scattering ( see right sub- gure in g.1 ) is presence of two back to back protons in the event. This requires signal only in top RP1 and/or RP2 at one side of IP and only in bottom RP1 and/or RP2 on the other side. Calculation of the track direction angles (eq.1) requires points in two stations on the each side of IP. The data sample used to obtain this results consist only of events with four reconstructed points, four points (4PT) events, and ful lling West-East co-linearity condition: West East 2 West East 2 = (  ) + (  ) < 2  (3) X X Y Y with  = 255 rad was dominated by the beam angular divergence ( 180 rad for each beam). The kinematic range of four-momentum transfer t versus azimuth angle  for this sample (4PT- COL) is shown in g.3. For the 4PT-COL events, scattering angles at the IP  ;  were obtained from the linear X Y t using four X and Y points. The four-momentum transfer t for those events was then RP RP calculated using Eq.2, where local angles  ;  were replaced respectively with  ;  . X Y X Y Additionally geometrical cut was imposed to reduce background by staying away from ac- ceptance boundaries and maintain relatively at, slow varying acceptance corrections (see data labeled as ET-4RP-COL-GEO in g.2). It was required that the scattered proton angle and azimuth angle  obey following limits: 79:5[deg] < jj < 101:5[deg] 2:0[mrad] <  < 4:0[mrad] (4) 2.3 Monte Carlo Corrections [7] The beam line elements and all RP detectors were implemented in detail in Geant4 based Monte Carlo application. The events were generated according to standard formula for the elastic scattering di erential cross section with the slope B = 14:0 GeV , the parameter =0.128 and West-Yennie Coulomb phase. The beam angular divergence and the interaction point IP position uncertainty were included in the generator. The experimental di erential distributions dN=dt was corrected using \bin by bin" method with the formula : MC DATA DATA (dN=dt) dN dN generated =  (5) MC dt dt (dN=dt) corrected reconstructed reconstructed Figure 3 { Four momentum transfer jtj vs azimuth angle  for accepted ET co-linear events with four reconstructed points (4PT) (left), and (right) background contribution estimate based on comparison of West-East co-linearity for DATA and Monte-Carlo samples of 4PT events within GEO limits (4). MC MC where (dN=dt) and (dN=dt) are true MC distribution and reconstructed based generated reconstructed on MC event sample which passed the same reconstruction procedure and selection criteria as those applied for experimental data. The corrections obtained this way account for limited geometrical acceptance, e ects of the scattering angle reconstruction resolution ( t smearing ) and impact of the secondary scattering of the nal state proton o the material on the way from IP to detector Si planes. 3 Results 3;5;6 The corrected di erential cross section (d=dt ) was tted with standard formula : d 1 + el 2 Bjtj =    e (6) tot dt 16(hc) with =0.128 from COMPETE model. The Coulomb and interference terms were neglected as their contribution in the t range 0.045< t < 0.135 GeV is negligibly small within this experiment's precision. The data and t results are shown in Fig.4. The total cross section  was calculated using the optical theorem as : tot 16(hc) d el =  | (7) t=0 tot 1 +  dt and the total elastic cross section  was obtained by integrating tted formula (6) over whole el det t range, the elastic cross section integrated within the t-acceptance of this measurement ( ) el is also quoted. The inelastic cross section is simply result of subtraction  =  . All inel tot el results with their statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown in table 1. 4 Summary The elastic di erential cross section in pp scattering was measured with Roman Pots system of the STAR experiment at RHIC in t range 0.045< t < 0.135 GeV at s=200 GeV. In this t range the cross section is well described by exponential exp(B  t) with the slope B = Figure 4 { Top panel: pp elastic di erential cross-section d=dt tted with exponential A  exp(Bt); Bottom panel: Residuals (Data - Fit)/Data. Table 1: Results summary. Quantity Statistical Systematic uncertainties name units Value uncertainty beam-tilt luminosity  full +1:07 +10:50 +10:55 d =dtj [mb/GeV ] 139.53 1.06 n/a el t=0 0:83 10:07 10:10 2 +0:18 +0:18 B [GeV ] 14.32 0.09 n/a n/a 0:32 0:32 +0:06 +0:74 +0:74 [mb] 9.74 0.02 n/a el 0:04 0:59 0:59 det +0:02 +0:28 +0:28 [mb] 3.63 0.01 n/a el 0:01 0:23 0:23 +0:19 +1:91 +0:20 +1:93 [mb] 51.81 0.20 tot 0:61 1:90 0:40 2:04 +0:20 +2:05 +0:20 +2:07 [mb] 42.07 0.20 inel 0:61 1:99 0:40 2:12 +0:18 2 14.320.09( ) GeV , in brackets full systematic errors are given. The elastic cross section 0:32 +0:28 det integrated within detector acceptance  = 3.630.01( ) mb, extrapolation of this measured el 0:23 cross section over undetected ( 60%) t region results in value of the total elastic cross section +0:74 =9.740.02( )mb. Using optical theorem we found the value of total pp scattering cross el 0:59 +1:93 section  =51.810.20( ). tot 2:04 Figure 5 { Comparison of the STAR result on  ;  and  (left) and B-slope (right) with the world data on tot el inel 8 11;12;13;14;16;17;19;20 9 cross sections and B-slopes , COMPETE prediction for  and  are displayed. tot inel The results obtained with STAR are compared with the world data in Fig.5. We found they compare well and follow COMPETE prediction of dependence of cross section on s. Acknowledgments This work was partly supported by the National Science Center of Poland under grant number UMO-2015/18/M/ST2/00162. References 1. S. Bultmann et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods 535, 415 (2004). 2. visit https://www.star.bnl.gov 3. B. Z. Kopeliovich, I. K. Potashnikova and B. Povh, Phys. Rev. D 86, 051502 (2012) [arXiv:1208.5446 [hep-ph]]. 4. Geofrey B. West and D.R. Yennie, Phys. Rev.172,1413. 5. V. Barone, E. Predazzi, High-Energy Particle Di raction, Texts and Monographs in Physics, Springer-Verlag; (2002), ISBN: 3540421076. 6. S. Donnachie, G. Dosch, P. Landsho , Pomeron Physics and QCD; Cambridge University Press; (1998), ISBN: 9780521675703. 7. S. Agostinelli et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 506 (2003) 250-303. or visit http://geant4.web.cern.ch/geant4 8. M. Tanabashi et al., (Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D98, 030001 (2018), http://pdg.lbl.gov/2018/hadronic-xsections/hadron.html 9. J. R. Cudell, et al., ( COMPETE Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 201801. 10. U. Amaldi et al. [CERN-Pisa-Rome-Stony Brook Collaboration], Phys. Lett. 62B, 460 (1976). U. Amaldi et al., Phys. Lett. B43, 231 (1973). 11. G. Barbiellini et al., Phys. Lett. 39B, 663 (1972). 12. M. Ambrosio et al., Phys. Lett. 115B, 495 (1982). 13. N. A. Amos et al., Phys. Lett. 120B, 460 (1983). 14. S. L. Bueltmann et al., Phys. Lett. B 579, 245 (2004) 15. G. Antchev et al. [TOTEM Collaboration], Nucl. Phys. B 899, 527 (2015) doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2015.08.010 [arXiv:1503.08111 [hep-ex]]. 16. G. Antchev et al. [TOTEM Collaboration] and references therein, Eur. Phys. J. C 79, no. 2, 103 (2019) doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6567-0 [arXiv:1712.06153 [hep-ex]]. 17. G. Antchev et al. (TOTEM collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 no. 1, (2013) 0112001. 18. G. Antchev et al., (TOTEM collaboration), EPL 101 no. 2, (2013) 21002. 19. G. Aad et al.(ATLAS collaboration), Nucl. Phys. B889 (2014) 486. 20. M. Aaboud et al., (ATLAS collaboration), Phys. Lett. B761 (2016) 158. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png High Energy Physics - Experiment arXiv (Cornell University)

Results on Total and Elastic Cross Sections in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV Obtained with the STAR Detector at RHIC

Guryn, W.; Pawlik, B.
High Energy Physics - Experiment , Volume 2020 (2005) – May 2, 2020
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Abstract

RESULTS ON TOTAL AND ELASTIC CROSS SECTIONS IN PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS AT s = 200 GeV OBTAINED WITH THE STAR DETECTOR AT RHIC For the STAR Collaboration B. Pawlik Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Cracow, Poland W. Guryn Brookhaven National Laboratory, Department of Physics Upton, NY 119735000, USA We report the rst results on di erential, total and elastic cross sections in proton-proton colli- sions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at s = 200 GeV. The data were obtained with the Roman Pot Detector subsystem of the STAR experiment. The data used for this analysis cover the four-momentum transfer squared (t) range 0:045  jtj  0:135 (GeV/c) . The Roman Pot system was placed downstream of the STAR detector. During the data taking the Roman Pots were moved to 8 , the vertical distance of from the beam center. They were operated during standard data taking procedure. The results include values of the exponential slope parameter (B), elastic cross section ( ) and the total cross section ( ) el tot obtained by extrapolation of the elastic di erential cross section (d=dt) to the optical point at t = 0 (GeV/c) . The detector setup and analysis procedure are reviewed. All results are compared with the world data. Presented at EDS Blois 2019 The 18th Conference on Elastic and Di ractive Scattering Quy Nhon, Vietnam, June 2328, 2019 1 The Experiment Results presented here are based on data collected with pp2pp Roman Pots part of the STAR detector at RHIC. The Roman Pots (RPs) setup Fig. 1 consisted of four stations with two of them (W1,W2) placed at 15.8 and 17.6 meters downstream, (West) from interaction point (IP) and other two (E1,E2) symmetrically upstream, (East) from IP. Each RP station consists of two Roman Pots ( one above and the other below beam line) each equipped with package of 4 silicon strip detector (Si) planes, two planes for measuring X and the other two for Y positions of the particle track. The scintillation counter placed behind Si planes and read by two PMTs was used to trigger on candidate events. Candidate event had to ful ll the trigger condition, from here referred to as RP ET, requiring presence of the signal in at least one Roman Pot (RP) on each side of IP. arXiv:2005.00776v2 [hep-ex] 5 May 2020 Figure 1 { The layout of Roman Pots system at STAR (left) and example of reconstructed points con guration for elastic event detected in arm EDWU (right) . Figure 2 { Acceptance as function four-momentum transfer t (left), West-East co-linearity  vs  (right). Y X 2 Data Set 30 2 1 Data were taken with nominal beam conditions = 0:85m, luminosity  45 10 cm sec . There were approximately 6.7 millions events ful lling trigger condition RP_ET recorded for inte- grated luminosity 1.8pb . The geometrical acceptance was constrained by the closest possible approach of the detector to the beam and, the aperture of the beam line elements (DX magnet) in front of the detector. The closest achieved distance of the rst strip was  30 mm correspond- ing to minimum four-momentum transfer jt j ' 0.03 GeV . The aperture of DX magnet sets min the maximum achievable four-momentum transfer jt j 0.25 GeV . The detector acceptance max as function of four-momentum transfer jtj is shown in g.2. 2.1 Event Reconstruction All events collected with trigger RP_ET underwent reconstruction procedure. First, in all RPs in each detector Si plane clusters - continuous set of strips with signal above threshold - were formed. Next, clusters found in two X-planes were matched by comparing their positions x and x and nding the pair with minimum distance x = jx x j smaller then 200m (twice Si 2 c 1 2 detector strip pitch). Analogous procedure was repeated for two Y-planes. Unmatched clusters, if any, were considered as detector noise or random background and were neglected. Pairs of clusters matched in x and y-plane de ned space points X and Y coordinates of the proton RP RP track. These were used to calculate the local angles  and  in (x,z) and (y,z) planes as: x Y X X Y Y RP1 RP2 RP1 RP2 = and  = (1) X Y Z Z Z Z RP1 RP2 RP1 RP2 where subscripts RPs(RPs) denote RP stations 1(2) at same side of IP and Z (Z ) are z- RP1 RP2 positions of the stations. For small scattering angles in this experiment, to a good approximation the four-momentum transfer t was calculated with formula: 2 2 2 2 2 t = p   = p  ( +  ) (2) X Y 2 2 where p is proton momentum,  =  +  scattering angle and  ;  calculated as in eq.1. X Y X Y The RPs system was positioned and aligned with respect to nominal beam trajectory, hence the angles  and  provide direct measurement of the projections of scattering angle  on (x,z) X Y and (y,z) plane, respectively. 2.2 Elastic Scattering Event Selection The hardware trigger requiring signal in at least one RP on each side of IP was very inclusive. The clean pattern indicating elastic scattering ( see right sub- gure in g.1 ) is presence of two back to back protons in the event. This requires signal only in top RP1 and/or RP2 at one side of IP and only in bottom RP1 and/or RP2 on the other side. Calculation of the track direction angles (eq.1) requires points in two stations on the each side of IP. The data sample used to obtain this results consist only of events with four reconstructed points, four points (4PT) events, and ful lling West-East co-linearity condition: West East 2 West East 2 = (  ) + (  ) < 2  (3) X X Y Y with  = 255 rad was dominated by the beam angular divergence ( 180 rad for each beam). The kinematic range of four-momentum transfer t versus azimuth angle  for this sample (4PT- COL) is shown in g.3. For the 4PT-COL events, scattering angles at the IP  ;  were obtained from the linear X Y t using four X and Y points. The four-momentum transfer t for those events was then RP RP calculated using Eq.2, where local angles  ;  were replaced respectively with  ;  . X Y X Y Additionally geometrical cut was imposed to reduce background by staying away from ac- ceptance boundaries and maintain relatively at, slow varying acceptance corrections (see data labeled as ET-4RP-COL-GEO in g.2). It was required that the scattered proton angle and azimuth angle  obey following limits: 79:5[deg] < jj < 101:5[deg] 2:0[mrad] <  < 4:0[mrad] (4) 2.3 Monte Carlo Corrections [7] The beam line elements and all RP detectors were implemented in detail in Geant4 based Monte Carlo application. The events were generated according to standard formula for the elastic scattering di erential cross section with the slope B = 14:0 GeV , the parameter =0.128 and West-Yennie Coulomb phase. The beam angular divergence and the interaction point IP position uncertainty were included in the generator. The experimental di erential distributions dN=dt was corrected using \bin by bin" method with the formula : MC DATA DATA (dN=dt) dN dN generated =  (5) MC dt dt (dN=dt) corrected reconstructed reconstructed Figure 3 { Four momentum transfer jtj vs azimuth angle  for accepted ET co-linear events with four reconstructed points (4PT) (left), and (right) background contribution estimate based on comparison of West-East co-linearity for DATA and Monte-Carlo samples of 4PT events within GEO limits (4). MC MC where (dN=dt) and (dN=dt) are true MC distribution and reconstructed based generated reconstructed on MC event sample which passed the same reconstruction procedure and selection criteria as those applied for experimental data. The corrections obtained this way account for limited geometrical acceptance, e ects of the scattering angle reconstruction resolution ( t smearing ) and impact of the secondary scattering of the nal state proton o the material on the way from IP to detector Si planes. 3 Results 3;5;6 The corrected di erential cross section (d=dt ) was tted with standard formula : d 1 + el 2 Bjtj =    e (6) tot dt 16(hc) with =0.128 from COMPETE model. The Coulomb and interference terms were neglected as their contribution in the t range 0.045< t < 0.135 GeV is negligibly small within this experiment's precision. The data and t results are shown in Fig.4. The total cross section  was calculated using the optical theorem as : tot 16(hc) d el =  | (7) t=0 tot 1 +  dt and the total elastic cross section  was obtained by integrating tted formula (6) over whole el det t range, the elastic cross section integrated within the t-acceptance of this measurement ( ) el is also quoted. The inelastic cross section is simply result of subtraction  =  . All inel tot el results with their statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown in table 1. 4 Summary The elastic di erential cross section in pp scattering was measured with Roman Pots system of the STAR experiment at RHIC in t range 0.045< t < 0.135 GeV at s=200 GeV. In this t range the cross section is well described by exponential exp(B  t) with the slope B = Figure 4 { Top panel: pp elastic di erential cross-section d=dt tted with exponential A  exp(Bt); Bottom panel: Residuals (Data - Fit)/Data. Table 1: Results summary. Quantity Statistical Systematic uncertainties name units Value uncertainty beam-tilt luminosity  full +1:07 +10:50 +10:55 d =dtj [mb/GeV ] 139.53 1.06 n/a el t=0 0:83 10:07 10:10 2 +0:18 +0:18 B [GeV ] 14.32 0.09 n/a n/a 0:32 0:32 +0:06 +0:74 +0:74 [mb] 9.74 0.02 n/a el 0:04 0:59 0:59 det +0:02 +0:28 +0:28 [mb] 3.63 0.01 n/a el 0:01 0:23 0:23 +0:19 +1:91 +0:20 +1:93 [mb] 51.81 0.20 tot 0:61 1:90 0:40 2:04 +0:20 +2:05 +0:20 +2:07 [mb] 42.07 0.20 inel 0:61 1:99 0:40 2:12 +0:18 2 14.320.09( ) GeV , in brackets full systematic errors are given. The elastic cross section 0:32 +0:28 det integrated within detector acceptance  = 3.630.01( ) mb, extrapolation of this measured el 0:23 cross section over undetected ( 60%) t region results in value of the total elastic cross section +0:74 =9.740.02( )mb. Using optical theorem we found the value of total pp scattering cross el 0:59 +1:93 section  =51.810.20( ). tot 2:04 Figure 5 { Comparison of the STAR result on  ;  and  (left) and B-slope (right) with the world data on tot el inel 8 11;12;13;14;16;17;19;20 9 cross sections and B-slopes , COMPETE prediction for  and  are displayed. tot inel The results obtained with STAR are compared with the world data in Fig.5. We found they compare well and follow COMPETE prediction of dependence of cross section on s. Acknowledgments This work was partly supported by the National Science Center of Poland under grant number UMO-2015/18/M/ST2/00162. References 1. S. Bultmann et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods 535, 415 (2004). 2. visit https://www.star.bnl.gov 3. B. Z. Kopeliovich, I. K. Potashnikova and B. Povh, Phys. Rev. D 86, 051502 (2012) [arXiv:1208.5446 [hep-ph]]. 4. Geofrey B. West and D.R. Yennie, Phys. Rev.172,1413. 5. V. Barone, E. Predazzi, High-Energy Particle Di raction, Texts and Monographs in Physics, Springer-Verlag; (2002), ISBN: 3540421076. 6. S. Donnachie, G. Dosch, P. Landsho , Pomeron Physics and QCD; Cambridge University Press; (1998), ISBN: 9780521675703. 7. S. Agostinelli et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 506 (2003) 250-303. or visit http://geant4.web.cern.ch/geant4 8. M. Tanabashi et al., (Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D98, 030001 (2018), http://pdg.lbl.gov/2018/hadronic-xsections/hadron.html 9. J. R. Cudell, et al., ( COMPETE Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 201801. 10. U. Amaldi et al. [CERN-Pisa-Rome-Stony Brook Collaboration], Phys. Lett. 62B, 460 (1976). U. Amaldi et al., Phys. Lett. B43, 231 (1973). 11. G. Barbiellini et al., Phys. Lett. 39B, 663 (1972). 12. M. Ambrosio et al., Phys. Lett. 115B, 495 (1982). 13. N. A. Amos et al., Phys. Lett. 120B, 460 (1983). 14. S. L. Bueltmann et al., Phys. Lett. B 579, 245 (2004) 15. G. Antchev et al. [TOTEM Collaboration], Nucl. Phys. B 899, 527 (2015) doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2015.08.010 [arXiv:1503.08111 [hep-ex]]. 16. G. Antchev et al. [TOTEM Collaboration] and references therein, Eur. Phys. J. C 79, no. 2, 103 (2019) doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6567-0 [arXiv:1712.06153 [hep-ex]]. 17. G. Antchev et al. (TOTEM collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 no. 1, (2013) 0112001. 18. G. Antchev et al., (TOTEM collaboration), EPL 101 no. 2, (2013) 21002. 19. G. Aad et al.(ATLAS collaboration), Nucl. Phys. B889 (2014) 486. 20. M. Aaboud et al., (ATLAS collaboration), Phys. Lett. B761 (2016) 158.

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High Energy Physics - Experiment – arXiv (Cornell University)

Published: May 2, 2020

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