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Risk of inflammatory bowel disease attributable to smoking, oral contraception and breastfeeding in Italy: a nationwide case-control study

Risk of inflammatory bowel disease attributable to smoking, oral contraception and breastfeeding... Background Using data from a case-control study carried out in Italy 1989–1992, we estimated the odds ratios (OR) and the population attributable risks (AR) for inflammatory bowel diseases (IED) in relation to smoking, oral contraception and breastfeeding in infancy. Methods The study focused on 819 cases of IBD (594 ulcerative colitis: UC; 225 Crohn's disease: CD) originating from populations resident in 10 Italian areas, and age-sex matched paired controls. Results Compared with non-smokers, former smokers were at increased risk of UC (OR = 3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) : 2.1–4.3), whereas current smokers were at increased risk of CD (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1%2.6). Females who reported use of oral contraceptives for at least one month before onset of symptoms had a higher risk of CD (OR % 3.4; 95% CI: 1.0–11.9), whereas no significant risk was observed for UC. Lack of breastfeeding was associated with an increased risk of UC (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–2.1) and CD (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1–3.3). Being a ‘former smoker’ was the factor with the highest attributable risk of UC both in males (AR = 28%; 95% CI: 20–35 %) and in females (AR = 12%; 95% CI: 5–18%). Smoking was the factor with the highest attributable risk for CD in males (AR = 31%; 95% CI: 11–50%). Lack of breastfeeding accounted for the highest proportion of CD in females (AR 11%; 95% CI: 1–22%). Oral contraceptive use accounted for 7% of cases of UC and for 11% of cases of CD. Conclusions Taken together, the considered factors were responsible for a proportion of IBD ranging from 26% (CD females) to 36% (CD males). It is concluded that other environmental and genetic factors may be involved in the aetiology of IBD. Key words Attributable risk ulcerative colitis oral contraceptives Crohn's disease regression models smoking breastfeeding © International Epidemiological Association « Previous | Next Article » Table of Contents This Article Int. J. Epidemiol. (1998) 27 (3): 397-404. doi: 10.1093/ije/27.3.397 » Abstract Free Full Text (PDF) Free Classifications Original Articles Services Article metrics Alert me when cited Alert me if corrected Find similar articles Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Add to my archive Download citation Request Permissions Citing Articles Load citing article information Citing articles via CrossRef Citing articles via Scopus Citing articles via Web of Science Citing articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Corrao, G. Search for related content PubMed PubMed citation Articles by Corrao, G. Articles by Tragnone, A. Articles by Caprilli, R. Articles by Trallori, G. Articles by Papi, C. Articles by Andreoi, A. Articles by Di Paolo, M. Articles by Riegler, G. Articles by Rigo, G. P. Articles by Ferraù, O. Articles by Mansi, C. Articles by Ingrosso, M. Articles by valpiani, D. Related Content Load related web page information Share Email this article CiteULike Delicious Facebook Google+ Mendeley Twitter What's this? Search this journal: Advanced » Current Issue August 2015 44 (4) Alert me to new issues The Journal About this journal Publishers' Books for Review Rights & Permissions Dispatch date of the next issue This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) We are mobile – find out more Journals Career Network Published on behalf of The International Epidemiological Association Impact factor: 9.176 5-Yr impact factor: 8.615 Co-Editors G Davey Smith & S Ebrahim View full editorial board For Authors Instructions to authors Online submission instructions Submit now! Self-archiving policy Open access options for authors - visit Oxford Open This journal enables compliance with the NIH Public Access Policy Alerting Services Email table of contents Email Advance Access CiteTrack XML RSS feed Corporate Services Advertising sales Reprints Supplements var taxonomies = ("MED00860"); Most Most Read Why are children in the same family so different from one another? Population ageing in the United States of America: implications for public programmes Classification of epidemiological study designs Health in Cuba Sick individuals and sick populations » View all Most Read articles Most Cited 'Mendelian randomization': can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease? Sick Individuals and Sick Populations Food-Based Validation of a Dietary Questionnaire: The Effects of Week-to-Week Variation in Food Consumption A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives The use of fractional polynomials to model continuous risk variables in epidemiology » View all Most Cited articles Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department. 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Risk of inflammatory bowel disease attributable to smoking, oral contraception and breastfeeding in Italy: a nationwide case-control study

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References (47)

Publisher
Oxford University Press
Copyright
Copyright © 2015 International Epidemiological Association
ISSN
0300-5771
eISSN
1464-3685
DOI
10.1093/ije/27.3.397
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Abstract

Background Using data from a case-control study carried out in Italy 1989–1992, we estimated the odds ratios (OR) and the population attributable risks (AR) for inflammatory bowel diseases (IED) in relation to smoking, oral contraception and breastfeeding in infancy. Methods The study focused on 819 cases of IBD (594 ulcerative colitis: UC; 225 Crohn's disease: CD) originating from populations resident in 10 Italian areas, and age-sex matched paired controls. Results Compared with non-smokers, former smokers were at increased risk of UC (OR = 3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) : 2.1–4.3), whereas current smokers were at increased risk of CD (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1%2.6). Females who reported use of oral contraceptives for at least one month before onset of symptoms had a higher risk of CD (OR % 3.4; 95% CI: 1.0–11.9), whereas no significant risk was observed for UC. Lack of breastfeeding was associated with an increased risk of UC (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–2.1) and CD (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1–3.3). Being a ‘former smoker’ was the factor with the highest attributable risk of UC both in males (AR = 28%; 95% CI: 20–35 %) and in females (AR = 12%; 95% CI: 5–18%). Smoking was the factor with the highest attributable risk for CD in males (AR = 31%; 95% CI: 11–50%). Lack of breastfeeding accounted for the highest proportion of CD in females (AR 11%; 95% CI: 1–22%). Oral contraceptive use accounted for 7% of cases of UC and for 11% of cases of CD. Conclusions Taken together, the considered factors were responsible for a proportion of IBD ranging from 26% (CD females) to 36% (CD males). It is concluded that other environmental and genetic factors may be involved in the aetiology of IBD. Key words Attributable risk ulcerative colitis oral contraceptives Crohn's disease regression models smoking breastfeeding © International Epidemiological Association « Previous | Next Article » Table of Contents This Article Int. J. Epidemiol. (1998) 27 (3): 397-404. doi: 10.1093/ije/27.3.397 » Abstract Free Full Text (PDF) Free Classifications Original Articles Services Article metrics Alert me when cited Alert me if corrected Find similar articles Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Add to my archive Download citation Request Permissions Citing Articles Load citing article information Citing articles via CrossRef Citing articles via Scopus Citing articles via Web of Science Citing articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Corrao, G. Search for related content PubMed PubMed citation Articles by Corrao, G. Articles by Tragnone, A. Articles by Caprilli, R. Articles by Trallori, G. Articles by Papi, C. Articles by Andreoi, A. Articles by Di Paolo, M. Articles by Riegler, G. Articles by Rigo, G. P. Articles by Ferraù, O. Articles by Mansi, C. Articles by Ingrosso, M. Articles by valpiani, D. Related Content Load related web page information Share Email this article CiteULike Delicious Facebook Google+ Mendeley Twitter What's this? Search this journal: Advanced » Current Issue August 2015 44 (4) Alert me to new issues The Journal About this journal Publishers' Books for Review Rights & Permissions Dispatch date of the next issue This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) We are mobile – find out more Journals Career Network Published on behalf of The International Epidemiological Association Impact factor: 9.176 5-Yr impact factor: 8.615 Co-Editors G Davey Smith & S Ebrahim View full editorial board For Authors Instructions to authors Online submission instructions Submit now! Self-archiving policy Open access options for authors - visit Oxford Open This journal enables compliance with the NIH Public Access Policy Alerting Services Email table of contents Email Advance Access CiteTrack XML RSS feed Corporate Services Advertising sales Reprints Supplements var taxonomies = ("MED00860"); Most Most Read Why are children in the same family so different from one another? Population ageing in the United States of America: implications for public programmes Classification of epidemiological study designs Health in Cuba Sick individuals and sick populations » View all Most Read articles Most Cited 'Mendelian randomization': can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease? Sick Individuals and Sick Populations Food-Based Validation of a Dietary Questionnaire: The Effects of Week-to-Week Variation in Food Consumption A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives The use of fractional polynomials to model continuous risk variables in epidemiology » View all Most Cited articles Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department. Online ISSN 1464-3685 - Print ISSN 0300-5771 Copyright © 2015 International Epidemiological Association Oxford Journals Oxford University Press Site Map Privacy Policy Cookie Policy Legal Notices Frequently Asked Questions Other Oxford University Press sites: Oxford University Press Oxford Journals China Oxford Journals Japan Academic & Professional books Children's & Schools Books Dictionaries & Reference Dictionary of National Biography Digital Reference English Language Teaching Higher Education Textbooks International Education Unit Law Medicine Music Online Products & Publishing Oxford Bibliographies Online Oxford Dictionaries Online Oxford English Dictionary Oxford Language Dictionaries Online Oxford Scholarship Online Reference Rights and Permissions Resources for Retailers & Wholesalers Resources for the Healthcare Industry Very Short Introductions World's Classics function fnc_onDomLoaded() { var query_context = getQueryContext(); PF_initOIUnderbar(query_context,":QS:default","","JRN"); PF_insertOIUnderbar(0); }; if (window.addEventListener) { window.addEventListener('load', fnc_onDomLoaded, false); } else if (window.attachEvent) { window.attachEvent('onload', fnc_onDomLoaded); } var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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Journal

International Journal of Epidemiology – Oxford University Press

Published: Jun 1, 1998

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