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Neutrophils in the activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity

Neutrophils in the activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity Neutrophils have long been viewed as short-lived effector cells of the innate immune system, with a primary role in resistance against extracellular pathogens and in acute inflammation. Neutrophils express a vast repertoire of pattern recognition receptors and in response to signals undergo functional reprogramming. In addition to classical antimicrobial molecules (such as reactive oxygen intermediates), the effector repertoire of neutrophils includes an array of cytokines and chemokines, components of the humoral arm of innate immunity (such as pentraxin 3) and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Thus, the participation of these 'unsung heroes' to mechanisms of innate resistance goes well beyond the production of microorganism- and tissue-damaging molecules, to include a diverse, highly regulated, customized production of cytokines and antibody-like soluble pattern recognition molecules, as well as the release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Once recruited into tissues, neutrophils engage in complex bidirectional interactions with macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and B and T cells. In particular, neutrophils contribute to the activation, orientation and expression of adaptive immune responses. Given their role as a component of innate and adaptive responses, it is not surprising that neutrophils have emerged as important players in the pathogenesis of numerous disorders, including infection caused by intracellular pathogens, autoimmunity, chronic inflammation and cancer. These new perspectives raise the issue of targeting neutrophils as a therapeutic strategy in immunopathology. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Nature Reviews Immunology Springer Journals

Neutrophils in the activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity

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References (132)

Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © 2011 by Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.
Subject
Biomedicine; Biomedicine, general; Immunology
ISSN
1474-1733
eISSN
1474-1741
DOI
10.1038/nri3024
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Neutrophils have long been viewed as short-lived effector cells of the innate immune system, with a primary role in resistance against extracellular pathogens and in acute inflammation. Neutrophils express a vast repertoire of pattern recognition receptors and in response to signals undergo functional reprogramming. In addition to classical antimicrobial molecules (such as reactive oxygen intermediates), the effector repertoire of neutrophils includes an array of cytokines and chemokines, components of the humoral arm of innate immunity (such as pentraxin 3) and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Thus, the participation of these 'unsung heroes' to mechanisms of innate resistance goes well beyond the production of microorganism- and tissue-damaging molecules, to include a diverse, highly regulated, customized production of cytokines and antibody-like soluble pattern recognition molecules, as well as the release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Once recruited into tissues, neutrophils engage in complex bidirectional interactions with macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and B and T cells. In particular, neutrophils contribute to the activation, orientation and expression of adaptive immune responses. Given their role as a component of innate and adaptive responses, it is not surprising that neutrophils have emerged as important players in the pathogenesis of numerous disorders, including infection caused by intracellular pathogens, autoimmunity, chronic inflammation and cancer. These new perspectives raise the issue of targeting neutrophils as a therapeutic strategy in immunopathology.

Journal

Nature Reviews Immunology – Springer Journals

Published: Jul 25, 2011

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