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CS Potter (1997)
An ecosystem simulation model for methane production and emission from wetlandsGlobal Biogeochem Cycles, 11
MJ Shearer (1993)
Rice Agriculture: Emissions
NP Revsbech (1999)
Microsensor analysis of oxygen and pH in the rice rhizosphere under field and laboratory conditionsBiol Fertil Soils, 29
P Frenzel (1999)
Rice roots and methanogenesis in a paddy soil: ferric iron as an alternative electron acceptor in the rooted soilSoil Biol Biochem, 31
S Asakawa (1995)
Populations of methanogenic bacteria in paddy field soil under double cropping conditions (rice-wheat)Biol Fertil Soils, 20
B Gilbert (1998)
Rice roots and CH4 oxidation: the activity of bacteria, their distribution and the microenvironmentSoil Biol Biochem, 30
XL Wu (2001)
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 65
JCM Scholten (2000)
Energetics of Syntrophic Propionate Oxidation in Defined Batch and Chemostat CoculturesAppl Environ Microbiol, 66
A Watanabe, T Takeda, M Kimura (1999)
Evaluation of origins of CH4 carbon emitted from rice paddiesJ Geophys Res, 104
R Gaudin, J Dupuy (1999)
Ammoniacal nutrition of transplanted rice fertilized with large urea granulesAgronomy J, 91
R Conrad (2000)
Phosphate Inhibits Acetotrophic Methanogenesis on Rice RootsAppl Environ Microbiol, 66
K Tsutsuki, FN Ponnamperuma (1987)
Behavior of anaerobic decomposition products in submerged soils. Effects of organic material amendment, soil properties, and temperatureSoil Sci Plant Nutr, 33
K Yagi, K Minami (1990)
Effect of organic matter application on methane emission from some Japanese paddy fieldsSoil Sci Plant Nutr, 36
R Roy, HD Klüber, R Conrad (1997)
Early initiation of methane production in anoxic rice soil despite the presence of oxidantsFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 24
JA Krzycki (1987)
Stable Carbon Isotope Fractionation by Methanosarcina barkeri during Methanogenesis from Acetate, Methanol, or Carbon Dioxide-HydrogenAppl Environ Microbiol, 53
A Holzapfel-Pschorn (1985)
Production, oxidation and emission of methane in rice paddiesFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 31
MS Aulakh, R Wassmann, H Rennenberg (2001)
Methane emisions from rice fields — quantification, mechanisms, role of management, and mitigation optionsAdv Agronomy, 70
PLE Bodelier, AP Hahn, IR Arth, P Frenzel (2000)
Effects of ammonium-based fertilisation on microbial processes involved in methane emission from soils planted with riceBiogeochemistry, 51
AR Mosier, JM Duxbury, JR Freney, O Heinemeyer, K Minami, DE Johnson (1998)
Mitigating agricultural emissions of methane [review]Climatic Change, 40
A Fey (2001)
Thermophilic methanogens in rice field soilEnviron Microbiol, 3
D Rosencrantz (1999)
Culturable Populations of Sporomusa spp. and Desulfovibrio spp. in the Anoxic Bulk Soil of Flooded Rice MicrocosmsAppl Environ Microbiol, 65
RL Sass, FM Fisher, PA Harcombe, FT Turner (1991)
Mitigation of methane emissions from rice fields: Possible adverse effects of incorporated rice strawGlobal Biogeochem Cycles, 5
A Watanabe (1993)
Effect of rice straw application on CH4emission from paddy fieldsSoil Sci Plant Nutr, 39
RL Sass (1991)
Mitigation of methane emissions from rice fields: Possible adverse effects of incorporated rice strawGlobal Biogeochem Cycles, 5
HU Neue, HW Scharpenseel (1987)
Decomposition pattern of 14C-labeled rice straw in aerobic and submerged rice soils of the PhilippinesSci Total Environ, 62
A Chidthaisong (1999)
Measurement of Monosaccharides and Conversion of Glucose to Acetate in Anoxic Rice Field SoilAppl Environ Microbiol, 65
T Wind (1997)
Localization of sulfate reduction in planted and unplanted rice field soilBiogeochemistry, 37
KJ Chin (1995)
Intermediary metabolism in methanogenic paddy soil and the influence of temperatureFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 18
H Schütz, A Holzapfel-Pschorn, R Conrad, H Rennenberg, W Seiler (1989)
A 3-year continuous record on the influence of day-time, season, and fertilizer treatment on methane emission rates from an Italian rice paddyJ Geophys Res, 94
K Yagi (1997)
Possible options for mitigating methane emission from rice cultivationNutr Cycl Agroecosyst, 49
KJ Chin, D Hahn, U Hengstmann, W Liesack, PH Janssen (1999)
Characterization and identification of numerically abundant culturable bacteria from the anoxic bulk soil of rice paddy microcosmsAppl Environ Microbiol, 65
SK DeDatta (1995)
Nitrogen transformations in wetland rice ecosystemsFertilizer Res, 42
CBM Begg (1994)
Root‐induced iron oxidation and pH changes in the lowland rice rhizosphereNew Phytol, 128
U Bosse (1997)
Activity and Distribution of Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria in Flooded Rice Soil Microcosms and in Rice Plants (Oryza sativa).Appl Environ Microbiol, 63
H Schütz (1990)
Influence of soil temperature on methane emission from rice paddy fieldsBiogeochemistry, 11
R Conrad (1989)
Exchange of Trace Gases between Terrestrial Ecosystems and the Atmosphere. Dahlem Konferenzen
R Großkopf, S Stubner, W Liesack (1998)
Novel euryarchaeotal lineages detected on rice roots and in the anoxic bulk soil of flooded rice microcosmsAppl Environ Microbiol, 64
ZP Wang, RD DeLaune, PH Masscheleyn, WH Patrick (1993)
Soil redox and pH effects on methane production in a flooded rice soilSoil Sci Soc Am J, 57
C Achtnich (1995)
Competition for electron donors among nitrate reducers, ferric iron reducers, sulfate reducers, and methanogens in anoxic paddy soilBiol Fertil Soils, 19
JT Gelwicks (1994)
Carbon isotope effects associated with aceticlastic methanogenesis.Appl Environ Microbiol, 60
MK Cao, JB Dent, OW Heal (1995)
Modeling methane emissions from rice paddiesGlobal Biogeochem Cycles, 9
U Hengstmann (1999)
Comparative Phylogenetic Assignment of Environmental Sequences of Genes Encoding 16S rRNA and Numerically Abundant Culturable Bacteria from an Anoxic Rice Paddy SoilAppl Environ Microbiol, 65
HAC Denier van der Gon, HU Neue (1995)
Influence of organic matter incorporation on the methane emission from a wetland rice fieldGlobal Biogeochem Cycles, 9
XL Wu (2001)
Functional and structural response of a cellulose-degrading methanogenic microbial community to multiple aeration stress at two different temperaturesEnviron Microbiol, 3
P Frenzel, F Rothfuss, R Conrad (1992)
Oxygen profiles and methane turnover in a flooded rice microcosmBiol Fertil Soils, 14
RE Summons (1998)
Carbon isotopic fractionation associated with methylotrophic methanogenesisOrg Geochem, 28
C Achtnich, F Bak, R Conrad (1995)
Competition for electron donors among nitrate reducers, ferric iron reducers, sulfate reducers, and methanogens in anoxic paddy soilBiol Fertil Soils, 19
S Fetzer, F Bak, R Conrad (1993)
Sensitivity of methanogenic bacteria from paddy soil to oxygen and desiccationFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 12
NI Krylova, R Conrad (1998)
Thermodynamics of propionate degradation in methanogenic paddy soilFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 26
W Suratno, D Murdiyarso, FG Suratmo, I Anas, MS Saeni, A Rambe (1998)
Nitrous oxide flux from irrigated rice fields in West JavaEnviron Pollut, 102
HD Klüber (1998)
Effects of nitrate, nitrite, NO and N2O on methanogenesis and other redox processes in anoxic rice field soilFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 25
T Lueders (2000)
Archaeal Population Dynamics during Sequential Reduction Processes in Rice Field SoilAppl Environ Microbiol, 66
R Conrad (1999)
Anaerobic conversion of carbon dioxide to methane, acetate and propionate on washed rice rootsFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 30
A Fey, R Conrad (2000)
Effect of temperature on carbon and electron flow and on the archaeal community in methanogenic rice field soilAppl Environ Microbiol, 66
K Glissmann, R Conrad (1999)
Fermentation pattern of methanogenic degradation of rice straw in anoxic paddy soilFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 31
S Fetzer (1993)
Effect of redox potential on methanogenesis by Methanosarcina barkeriArch Microbiol, 160
R Conrad (1993)
Mechanisms Controlling Methane Emission from Wetland Rice Fields
H Yao (2000)
Eur J Soil Sci, 51
R Großkopf (1998)
Diversity and Structure of the Methanogenic Community in Anoxic Rice Paddy Soil Microcosms as Examined by Cultivation and Direct 16S rRNA Gene Sequence RetrievalAppl Environ Microbiol, 64
M Krüger (2001)
Microbial processes influencing methane emission from rice fieldsGlobal Change Biol, 7
B Gilbert, P Frenzel (1998)
Rice roots and CH4 oxidation — the activity of bacteria, their distribution and the microenvironmentSoil Biol Biochem, 30
H Yao, R Conrad (2000)
Effect of temperature on reduction of iron and production of carbon dioxide and methane in anoxic wetland rice soilsBiol Fertil Soils, 32
NP Revsbech, O Pedersen, W Reichardt, A Briones (1999)
Microsensor analysis of oxygen and pH in the rice rhizosphere under field and laboratory conditionsBiol Fertil Soils, 29
K Butterbach-Bahl, H Papen, H Rennenberg (1997)
Impact of gas transport through rice cultivars on methane emission from rice paddy fieldsPlant, Cell Environ, 20
H Schütz, W Seiler, H Rennenberg (1990)
Soils and the Greenhouse Effect
K Glissmann (1999)
Fermentation pattern of methanogenic degradation of rice straw in anoxic paddy soilFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 31
P Frenzel, U Bosse, PH Janssen (1999)
Rice roots and methanogenesis in a paddy soil: ferric iron as an alternative electron acceptor in the rooted soilSoil Biol Biochem, 31
A Chidthaisong (2000)
Turnover of glucose and acetate coupled to reduction of nitrate, ferric iron and sulfate and to methanogenesis in anoxic rice field soilFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 31
R Conrad (1999)
Contribution of hydrogen to methane production and control of hydrogen concentrations in methanogenic soils and sedimentsFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 28
A Watanabe, M Kimura (1999)
Influence of chemical properties of soils on methane emission from rice paddiesComm Soil Sci Plant Anal, 30
A Watanabe, M Kimura (1998)
Factors affecting variation in CH4 emission from paddy soils grown with different rice cultivars — a pot experimentJ Geophys Res, 103
Y Lu (1999)
Impact of phosphorus supply on root exudation, aerenchyma formation and methane emission of rice plantsBiogeochemistry, 47
U Jäckel, S Schnell (2000)
Suppression of methane emission from rice paddies by ferric iron fertilizationSoil Biol Biochem, 32
XL Wu, KJ Chin, A Stubner, R Conrad (2001)
Functional patterns and temperature response of cellulose-fermenting microbial cultures containing different methanogenic communitiesAppl Microbiol Biotechnol, 65
H Yao (1999)
Thermodynamics of methane production in different rice paddy soils from China, the Philippines and ItalySoil Biol Biochem, 31
R Segers (1998)
Methane production and methane consumption — a review of processes underlying wetland methane fluxes [review]Biogeochemistry, 41
S Lehmann-Richter (1999)
Methanogenic archaea and CO2-dependent methanogenesis on washed rice rootsEnviron Microbiol, 1
HD Klüber, R Conrad (1998)
Inhibitory effects of nitrate, nitrite, NO and N2O on methanogenesis by Methanosarcina barkeri and Methanobacterium bryantiiFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 25
Y Huang, RL Sass, FM Fisher (1998)
A semi-empirical model of methane emission from flooded rice paddy soils [review]Global Change Biology, 4
I Nouchi (1993)
Mechanism of Methane Transport by Rice Plants
LK Sigren, ST Lewis, FM Fisher, RL Sass (1997)
Effects of field drainage on soil parameters related to methane production and emission from rice paddiesGlobal Biogeochem Cycles, 11
B Schink (1997)
Energetics of syntrophic cooperation in methanogenic degradationMicrobiol Molec Biol Rev, 61
JCM Scholten, R Conrad (2000)
Energetics of syntrophic propionate oxidation in defined batch and chemostat coculturesAppl Environ Microbiol, 66
U Bosse, P Frenzel (1997)
Activity and distribution of methane-oxidizing bacteria in flooded rice soil microcosms and in rice plants (Oryza sativa)Appl Environ Microbiol, 63
HU Neue (1987)
Decomposition pattern of 14C-labeled rice straw in aerobic and submerged rice soils of the PhilippinesSci Total Environ, 62
HP Mayer (1990)
Factors influencing the population of methanogenic bacteria and the initiation of methane production upon flooding of paddy soilFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 73
H Yao, R Conrad (2001)
Thermodynamics of propionate degradation in anoxic paddy soil from different rice-growing regionsSoil Biol Biochem, 33
LV Buendia (1997)
Understanding the nature of methane emission from rice ecosystems as basis of mitigation strategiesAppl Energy, 56
R Großkopf, PH Janssen, W Liesack (1998)
Diversity and structure of the methanogenic community in anoxic rice paddy soil microcosms as examined by cultivation and direct 16S rRNA gene sequence retrievalAppl Environ Microbiol, 64
A Fey (2000)
Effect of Temperature on Carbon and Electron Flow and on the Archaeal Community in Methanogenic Rice Field SoilAppl Environ Microbiol, 66
H Yao, R Conrad, R Wassmann, HU Neue (1999)
Effect of soil characteristics on sequential reduction and methane production in sixteen rice paddy soils from China, the Philippines, and ItalyBiogeochemistry, 47
S Ratering, R Conrad (1998)
Effects of short-term drainage and aeration on the production of methane in submerged rice soilGlobal Change Biol, 4
MJ Whiticar (1999)
Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methaneChem Geology, 161
XL Wu (2002)
FEMS Microbiol Ecol, 32
S Fetzer, R Conrad (1993)
Effect of redox potential on methanogenesis by Methanosarcina barkeriArch Microbiol, 160
B Schink (1997)
Microbiol Molec Biol Rev, 61
RA Burke (1993)
Possible influence of hydrogen concentration on microbial methane stable hydrogen isotopic compositionChemosphere, 26
U Hengstmann, KJ Chin, PH Janssen, W Liesack (1999)
Comparative phylogenetic assignment of environmental sequences of genes encoding 16S rRNA and numerically abundant culturable bacteria from an anoxic rice paddy soilAppl Environ Microbiol, 65
RL Sass, FM Fisher (1997)
Methane emissions from rice paddies — a process study summaryNutrient Cycling Agroecosyst, 49
MAK Khalil, RA Rasmussen, MJ Shearer, ZL Chen, H Yao, J Yang (1998)
Emissions of methane, nitrous oxide, and other trace gases from rice fields in ChinaJ Geophys Res, 103
M Kimura (2000)
Soil Biochemistry
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Effect of rice plants on methane production and rhizospheric metabolism in paddy soilBiogeochemistry, 45
K Yagi (1990)
Effect of organic matter application on methane emission from some Japanese paddy fieldsSoil Sci Plant Nutr, 36
MSM Jetten, AJM Stams, AJB Zehnder (1990)
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R Roy (1997)
Early initiation of methane production in anoxic rice soil despite the presence of oxidantsFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 24
H Yao, R Conrad (1999)
Thermodynamics of methane production in different rice paddy soils from China, the Philippines and ItalySoil Biol Biochem, 31
KF Bronson, HU Neue, U Singh, EB Abao (1997)
Automated chamber measurements of methane and nitrous oxide flux in a flooded rice soil. 1. Residue, nitrogen, and water managementSoil Sci Soc Am J, 61
S Ratering (2000)
Localization of iron-reducing activity in paddy soilby profile studiesBiogeochemistry, 48
PLE Bodelier (2000)
Stimulation by ammonium-based fertilizers of methane oxidation in soil around rice rootsNature, 403
K Glissmann, R Conrad (2002)
Saccharolytic activity and its role as a limiting step in methane formation during the anaerobic degradation of rice straw in rice paddy soilBiol Fertil Soils, 35
KF Bronson (1997)
Automated Chamber Measurements of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Flux in a Flooded Rice Soil: I. Residue, Nitrogen, and Water ManagementSoil Sci Soc Am J, 61
SK DeDatta (1995)
Nitrogen transformations in wetland rice ecosystemsFertilizer Res, 42
U Jäckel (2000)
Suppression of methane emission from rice paddies by ferric iron fertilizationSoil Biol Biochem, 32
MSM Jetten (1990)
Acetate threshold values and acetate activating enzymes in methanogenic bacteriaFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 73
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Methane production in unamended and rice-straw-amended soil at different moisture levelsBiol Fertil Soils, 28
H Schütz (1989)
A 3-year continuous record on the influence of daytime, season, and fertilizer treatment on methane emission rates from an Italian rice paddyJ Geophys Res, 94
W Liesack (2000)
Microbiology of flooded rice paddiesFEMS Microbiol Rev, 24
I Arth, P Frenzel, R Conrad (1998)
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A Fey, KJ Chin, R Conrad (2001)
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K Minami (1994)
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B Wang (1997)
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M Krüger, P Frenzel, R Conrad (2001)
Microbial processes influencing methane emission from rice fieldsGlobal Change Biol, 7
ZC Cai (1997)
Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddy fields as affected by nitrogen fertilisers and water managementPlant Soil, 196
NI Krylova, PH Janssen, R Conrad (1997)
Turnover of propionate in methanogenic paddy soilFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 23
ZP Wang (1993)
Soil Redox and pH Effects on Methane Production in a Flooded Rice SoilSoil Sci Soc Am J, 57
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A Holzapfel-Pschorn, R Conrad, W Seiler (1985)
Production, oxidation and emission of methane in rice paddiesFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 31
S Dannenberg, R Conrad (1999)
Effect of rice plants on methane production and rhizospheric metabolism in paddy soilBiogeochemistry, 45
JA Krzycki, WR Kenealy, MJ DeNiro, JG Zeikus (1987)
Stable carbon isotope fractionation by Methanosarcina barkeri during methanogenesis from acetate, methanol, or carbon dioxide-hydrogenAppl Environ Microbiol, 53
D Rosencrantz, FA Rainey, PH Janssen (1999)
Culturable populations of Sporomusa spp. and Desulfovibrio spp. in the anoxic bulk soil of flooded rice microcosmsAppl Environ Microbiol, 65
RE Summons, PD Franzmann, PD Nichols (1998)
Carbon isotope fractionation associated with methylotrophic methanogenesisOrg Geochem, 28
A Chidthaisong, B Rosenstock, R Conrad (1999)
Measurement of monosaccharides and conversion of glucose to acetate in anoxic rice field soilAppl Environ Microbiol, 65
KR Reddy (1989)
Nitrification-denitrification at the plant root-sediment interface in wetlandsLimnol Oceanogr, 34
S Ratering, S Schnell (2000)
Localization of iron-reducing activity in paddy soil by profile studiesBiogeochemistry, 48
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MS Aulakh (2001)
Methane emissions from rice fields—quantification, mechanisms, role of management, and mitigation optionsAdv Agronomy, 70
K Tsutsuki (1987)
Behavior of Anaerobic Decomposition Products in Submerged SoilsSoil Sci Plant Nutr, 33
HU Neue (2000)
Rice Agriculture: Factors Controlling Emissions
MAK Khalil (1998)
Effects of production and oxidation processes on methane emissions from rice fieldsJ Geophys Res, 103
MAK Khalil (1998)
Emissions of methane, nitrous oxide, and other trace gases from rice fields in ChinaJ Geophys Res, 103
S Weber, S Stubner, R Conrad (2001)
Bacterial populations colonizing and degrading rice straw in anoxic paddy soilAppl Environ Microbiol, 67
MAK Khalil, RA Rasmussen, MJ Shearer (1998)
Effects of production and oxidation processes on methane emissions from rice fieldsJ Geophys Res, 103
KJ Chin (1999)
Characterization and Identification of Numerically Abundant Culturable Bacteria from the Anoxic Bulk Soil of Rice Paddy MicrocosmsAppl Environ Microbiol, 65
R Gaudin (1999)
Ammoniacal Nutrition of Transplanted Rice Fertilized with Large Urea GranulesAgronomy J, 91
MJ Shearer, MAK Khalil (1993)
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Impact of gas transport through rice cultivars on methane emission from rice paddy fieldsPlant, Cell Environ, 20
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Sources of atmospheric methane: measurements in rice paddies and a discussionJ Geophys Res, 86
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Populations of methanogenic bacteria in paddy field soil under double cropping conditions (rice-wheat)Biol Fertil Soils, 20
A Watanabe (1999)
Evaluation of origins of CH4carbon emitted from rice paddiesJ Geophys Res, 104
M Kimura, CC Tun (1999)
Microscopic observation of the decomposition process of leaf sheath of rice straw and colonizing microorganisms during the cultivation period of paddy riceSoil Sci Plant Nutr, 45
R Conrad, M Klose (1999)
Anaerobic conversion of carbon dioxide to methane, acetate and propionate on washed rice rootsFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 30
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MJ Whiticar (1999)
Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methaneChem Geology, 161
NI Krylova (1997)
Turnover of propionate in methanogenic paddy soilFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 23
H Yao (2001)
Thermodynamics of propionate degradation in anoxic paddy soil from different rice-growing regionsSoil Biol Biochem, 33
ZC Cai, GX Xing, XY Yan, H Xu, H Tsuruta, K Yagi, K Minami (1997)
Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice paddy fields as affected by nitrogen fertilisers and water managementPlant Soil, 196
W Suratno (1998)
Nitrous oxide flux from irrigated rice fields in West JavaEnviron Pollut, 102
T Lueders, M Friedrich (2000)
Archaeal population dynamics during sequential reduction processes in rice field soilAppl Environ Microbiol, 66
W Armstrong (1979)
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M Krüger, G Eller, R Conrad, P Frenzel (2002)
Seasonal variation in pathways of CH4 production and in CH4 oxidation in rice fields determined by stable isotopes and specific inhibitorsGlobal Change Biology, 8
JR Leadbetter, JA Breznak (1996)
Physiological ecology of Methanobrevibacter cuticularis sp nov and Methanobrevibacter curvatus sp nov, isolated from the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipesAppl Environ Microbiol, 62
PLE Bodelier, P Roslev, T Henckel, P Frenzel (2000)
Stimulation by ammonium-based fertilizers of methane oxidation in soil around rice rootsNature, 403
RJ Cicerone (1981)
Sources of atmospheric methane: Measurements in rice paddies and a discussionJ Geophys Res, 86
I Nouchi, S Mariko (1993)
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R Conrad, M Klose (2000)
Selective inhibition of reactions involved in methanogenesis and fatty acid production on rice rootsFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 34
R Conrad (1993)
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Y Lu, R Wassmann, HU Neue, C Huang (1999)
Impact of phosphorus supply on root exudation, aerenchyma formation and methane emission of rice plantsBiogeochemistry, 47
HD Klüber (1998)
Inhibitory effects of nitrate, nitrite, NO and N2O on methanogenesis by Methanosarcina barkeri and Methanobacterium bryantiiFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 25
LK Sigren (1997)
Effects of field drainage on soil parameters related to methane production and emission from rice paddiesGlobal Biogeochem Cycles, 11
X Hua, X Guangxi, ZC Cai, H Tsuruta (1997)
Nitrous oxide emissions from three rice paddy fields in ChinaNutrient Cycl Agroecosyst, 49
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HAC Denier van der Gon (1995)
Influence of organic matter incorporation on the methane emission from a wetland rice fieldGlobal Biogeochem Cycles, 9
K Yagi (1996)
Effect of water management on methane emission from a Japanese rice paddy field: Automated methane monitoringGlobal Biogeochem Cycles, 10
NI Krylova (1998)
Thermodynamics of propionate degradation in methanogenic paddy soilFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 26
CBM Begg, GJD Kirk, AF Mackenzie, HU Neue (1994)
Root-induced iron oxidation and pH changes in the lowland rice rhizosphereNew Phytol, 128
A Chidthaisong (1996)
Production Potential and Emission of Methane in Flooded Rice Soil Microcosms after Continuous Application of Straws.Microbes Environ, 11
H Schütz, P Schröder, H Rennenberg (1991)
Trace Gas Emissions by Plants
R Conrad, M Klose, P Claus (2000)
Phosphate inhibits acetotrophic methanogenesis on rice rootsAppl Environ Microbiol, 66
KJ Chin (1999)
Effect of Temperature on Structure and Function of the Methanogenic Archaeal Community in an Anoxic Rice Field SoilAppl Environ Microbiol, 65
M Krüger (2002)
Seasonal variation in pathways of CH4 production and in CH4 oxidation in rice fields determined by stable carbon isotopes and specific inhibitorsGlobal Change Biology, 8
T Wind, R Conrad (1997)
Localization of sulfate reduction in planted and unplanted rice field soilBiogeochemistry, 37
A Watanabe, K Katoh, M Kimura (1993)
Effect of rice straw application on CH4 emission from paddy fields. 2. contribution of organic constituents in rice strawSoil Sci Plant Nutr, 39
JR Leadbetter (1996)
Physiological ecology of Methanobrevibacter cuticularis sp. nov. and Methanobrevibacter curvatus sp. nov., isolated from the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes.Appl Environ Microbiol, 62
A Watanabe (1998)
Factors affecting variation in CH4emission from paddy soils grown with different rice cultivars: A pot experimentJ Geophys Res, 103
JT Gelwicks, JB Risatti, JM Hayes (1994)
Carbon isotope effects associated with aceticlastic methanogenesisAppl Environ Microbiol, 60
R Conrad (2000)
Selective inhibition of reactions involved in methanogenesis and fatty acid production on rice rootsFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 34
S Lehmann-Richter, R Großkopf, W Liesack, P Frenzel, R Conrad (1999)
Methanogenic archaea and CO2-dependent methanogenesis on washed rice rootsEnviron Microbiol, 1
LV Buendia, HU Neue, R Wassmann, RS Lantin, AM Javellana, YC Xu, AK Makarim, TM Corton, N Charoensilp (1997)
Understanding the nature of methane emission from rice ecosystems as basis of mitigation strategiesAppl Energy, 56
S Ratering (1998)
Effects of short‐term drainage and aeration on the production of methane in submerged rice soilGlobal Change Biol, 4
R Segers (1998)
Methane production and methane consumption: a review of processes underlying wetland methane fluxesBiogeochemistry, 41
HP Mayer, R Conrad (1990)
Factors influencing the population of methanogenic bacteria and the initiation of methane production upon flooding of paddy soilFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 73
MK Cao (1995)
Modeling methane emissions from rice paddiesGlobal Biogeochem Cycles, 9
A Watanabe (1999)
Influence of chemical properties of soils on methane emission from rice paddiesComm Soil Sci Plant Anal, 30
P Frenzel (1992)
Oxygen profiles and methane turnover in a flooded rice microcosmBiol Fertil Soils, 14
S Fetzer (1993)
Sensitivity of methanogenic bacteria from paddy soil to oxygen and desiccationFEMS Microbiol Ecol, 12
H Yao (1999)
Effect of soil characteristics on sequential reduction and methane production in sixteen rice paddy soils from China, the Philippines, and ItalyBiogeochemistry, 47
XL Wu, R Conrad (2001)
Functional and structural response of a cellulose-degrading methanogenic microbiol community to multiple aeration stress at two different temperaturesEnviron Microbiol, 3
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Methane emission rates are a function of production, transport and oxidation of CH4 in the rice field. Production of CH4 is the prerequisite for any flux. The most important variables that control CH4 production include soil type, rice variety, temperature, soil redox potential, water management and fertilization with organic carbon or nitrogen. The effects of these variables have empirically been assessed on a macroscopic scale. However, the actual mechanisms by which these variables affect the microbial CH4 production on a microscopic scale are little understood. The purpose of the present contribution is to review existing knowledge of microbiological data and microscopic processes that are relevant for the control of CH4 production. These include the flow of carbon and electrons during the anaerobic degradation process, thermodynamic constraints of reactions in-situ and changes in the composition of the microbial community.
Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems – Springer Journals
Published: Oct 12, 2004
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