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Attribution of responsibility and valence of outcome in relation to initial confidence and success and failure of self and other

Attribution of responsibility and valence of outcome in relation to initial confidence and... Tested 128 undergraduates in like-sex pairs with 5 practice and 15 test anagrams varied in difficulty so that 1/2 the Ss would do well and 1/2 poorly. Pretest confidence ratings and posttest attributions of performance to ability or luck, recall measures, and satisfaction ratings for self and other were analyzed. Results indicate that (a) Ss were more confident of other's success than their own, (b) the unexpected outcome was more often attributed to luck, (c) other's success was more often attributed to ability and failure to bad luck than self's own success or failure, (d) a positivity bias in recall favored the other, (e) contrast effects occurred for satisfaction ratings, and (f) task performance was a dominant factor influencing confidence and satisfaction ratings. Results are discussed in terms of models involving F. Heider's principle of balance and his analysis of the causes of action, in terms of positivity biases in social perception, and as indicating effects of the social context of performance upon attribution and valence. (20 ref.) http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Journal of Personality and Social Psychology American Psychological Association

Attribution of responsibility and valence of outcome in relation to initial confidence and success and failure of self and other

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Publisher
American Psychological Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1971 American Psychological Association
ISSN
0022-3514
eISSN
1939-1315
DOI
10.1037/h0030845
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Tested 128 undergraduates in like-sex pairs with 5 practice and 15 test anagrams varied in difficulty so that 1/2 the Ss would do well and 1/2 poorly. Pretest confidence ratings and posttest attributions of performance to ability or luck, recall measures, and satisfaction ratings for self and other were analyzed. Results indicate that (a) Ss were more confident of other's success than their own, (b) the unexpected outcome was more often attributed to luck, (c) other's success was more often attributed to ability and failure to bad luck than self's own success or failure, (d) a positivity bias in recall favored the other, (e) contrast effects occurred for satisfaction ratings, and (f) task performance was a dominant factor influencing confidence and satisfaction ratings. Results are discussed in terms of models involving F. Heider's principle of balance and his analysis of the causes of action, in terms of positivity biases in social perception, and as indicating effects of the social context of performance upon attribution and valence. (20 ref.)

Journal

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology – American Psychological Association

Published: May 1, 1971

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