Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
C. Liebler, S. Smith (1997)
Tracking Gender differences: A comparative analysis of network correspondents and their sourcesJournal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 41
P. Smith, M. Bond (1993)
Social psychology across cultures.
L. Lovdal (1989)
Gender roles messages in television commercials: An updateSex Roles, 21
W. Hurtz, K. Durkin (1997)
Gender role stereotyping in Australian radio commercialsSex Roles, 36
A. Furnham (1993)
The stereotyped portrayal of men and women in British television advertisementsSex Roles, 29
A. Furnham (1989)
Gender stereotypes in Italian television advertisementsJournal of Broadcasting and Electric Media, 33
R. J. Dominick (1972)
Journal of Broad casting, 17
W. A. Mischel (1966)
The developmen t of sex differences.
V. Pracash (1992)
Sex Roles and Advertising PreferencesJournal of Advertising Research, 21
D. J. Hawkins, K. A. Coney (1976)
Advertizing and Differential sex roles in contemporary American societyJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 4
J. Bryant, D. Zillman (1994)
Media effects.
A. Furnham, V. Voli (1989)
Gender stereotyping in Italian television advertisementsJournal of Broadcasting and Electric Media, 33
M. Moore (1992)
The family as portrayed on prime-time television, 1947?1990: Structure and characteristicsSex Roles, 26
D. J. Bretl, J. Cantor (1988)
The portrayal of men and women in U.S. television commercials: A recent content analysis and trends over 15 yearsSex Roles, 18
A. Furnham, S. Abramsky, B. Gunter (1997)
A cross-cultural analysis of children's television advertisementsSex Roles, 37
R. Welch (1979)
Subtle Sex-Role Cues in Children's CommercialsJournal of Communication, 29
R. E. Frank, M. G. Greenberg (1980)
The public's use of television: Who watches and why.
R. J. Dominick, G. Rauch (1972)
The image of women in network TV comme rcialsJournal of Broad casting, 17
W. Leppard, S. Ogletree, E. Wallen (1993)
Gender stereotyping in medical advertising: Much ado about something?Sex Roles, 29
M. Mwangi (1996)
Gender roles portrayed in Kenyan television commercialsSex Roles, 34
C. Liebler (1997)
Tracking gender differences: A comparative analysis of network correspondents and their sourcesJournal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 41
J. Maracek, J. Piliavin, E. Fitzsimmons, E. Krogh, E. Leader, B. Trudell (1978)
Women as TV experts: The voice of authorityJournal of Communications, 28
A. S. R. Manstead (1981)
Sex-role stereotyping in British television advertisementsBritish Journal of Social Psychology, 20
L. Jaffe (1994)
The Effect of Modern Female Sex Role Portrayals on Advertising EffectivenessJournal of Advertising Research, 231
V. Pracash (1992)
Sex roles and advertising effectivenessJournal of Advertising Research, 21
C. Ferrante, A. Haynes, S. Kingsley (1988)
Images of women in television advertisingJournal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 32
R. J. Dominick (1979)
The portrayal of women in prime time, 1953–1977Sex Roles, 5
A. Furnham (1993)
Reaching for the counter: The new child consumers.
K. Lanis, K. Covell (1995)
Images of women in advertisements: Effects on attitudes related to sexual aggressionSex Roles, 32
T. Millum (1975)
Images of women: Advertising in women's magazines.
J. Maracek (1978)
Women as TV Experts: The Voice of Authority?Journal of Communications, 28
L. Vande Berg, D. Streckfuss (1992)
Prime-time television's portrayal of women and the world of work: A demographic profileJournal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 36
B. Olson, W. Douglas (1997)
The family on television: Evaluation of Gender-roles in situation comedySex Roles, 36
W. Leppard (1993)
Gender stereotyping in medical advertising: Much ado about something?Sex Roles, 29
F. Neto (1998)
Gender Stereotypes in Portuguese Television AdvertisementsSex Roles, 39
R. Craig (1992)
The effect of television day part on gender portrayals in television commercials: A content analysisSex Roles, 26
C. Mazzella (1992)
Sex role stereotyping in Australian television advertisementsSex Roles, 26
A. Furnham (1997)
A Cross-Cultural Content Analysis of Children's Television AdvertisementsSex Roles, 37
L. Smith (1994)
A content analysis of gender differences in children's advertisingJournal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 38
K. C. Schneider (1979)
Trends in Sex Roles in Television CommercialsJournal of Marketing, 43
C. Mazzella, K. Durkin, E. Cerini, P. Buralli (1992)
Sex role stereotyping in Australian television advertisementsSex Roles, 26
R. Zajonc (1968)
Attitudinal effects of mere exposure.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9
R. J. Dominick (1979)
The portrayal of women in prime time, 1953?1977Sex Roles, 5
J. Jennings, F. Geis, V. Brown (1982)
Influence of television commercials on women's self-confidence and independence judgementJournal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38
L. Vande Berg (1992)
Profile:Prime‐time television's portrayal of women and the world of work: A demographic profileJournal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 36
M. Moore (1992)
The family as portrayed on prime-time television, 1947–1990: Structure and characteristicsSex Roles, 26
K. Durkin (1998)
Kindergarten Children's Gender-Role Expectations for Television ActorsSex Roles, 38
D. J. Bretl (1988)
The portrayal of men and women in U.S. television commercials: A recent content analysis and trends over 15 yearsSex Roles, 18
R. Welch, A. Huston-Stein, T. Wright, R. Phelial (1979)
Subtle sex-role cues in children's commercialsJournal of Communication, 29
K. Durkin, B. Nugent (1998)
Kindergarte n children's gender-role expe ctations for television actorsSex Roles, 38
L. Smith (1994)
A content analysis of Gender differences in children's advertisingJournal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 38
L. Z. McArthur, B. G. Resko (1975)
The portrayal of men and women in Ame rican television commercialsJournal of Social Psychology, 97
S. Livingstone (1986)
Television advertisements and the portrayal of genderBritish Journal of Social Psychology, 25
J. Jennings (1982)
Influence of television commercials on women's self-confidence and independent judgment.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38
A. Embree (1970)
Sisterhood is powerful: An anth ology of writings from the Women's Liberation Movement.
F. Neto, I. Pinto (1998)
Gender stereotype s in Portuguese television advertisementsSex Roles, 39
K. Lanis (1995)
Images of women in advertisements: Effects on attitudes related to sexual aggressionSex Roles, 32
A. Furnham, N. Bitar (1993)
The stereotyped portrayal of men and women in British television advertisementsSex Roles, 29
A. S. R. Manstead, C. McCulloch (1981)
Sex-role stereotyping in British television advertisementsBritish Journal of Social Psychology, 20
C. Iijima Hall (1994)
Women and ?body-isms? in television beer commercialsSex Roles, 31
P. R. Harris (1986)
Sex-role stereotyping in British television advertisements at different times of the day: An extension and refinement of Manstead & McCulloch (1981)British Journal of Social Psychology, 25
A. Furnham, E. Skae (1997)
Portrayals of men and women in British television advertisementsEuropean Psychologist, 2
M. C. Gilly (1988)
Gender roles in advertising: A comparison of television advertisements in Australia, Mexico, and the United StatesJournal of Marketing, 52
R. J. Harris (1994)
Media effects: Advances in theory and research.
M. Mwangi (1996)
Gender roles portrayed in Kenyan television commercialsSex Roles, 34
C. Iijima Hall, M. Crum (1994)
Women and ``body-isms'' in television beer commercialsSex Roles, 31
L. Lovdal (1989)
Sex role messages in television commercials: An updateSex Roles, 21
P. R. Harris, J. Stobart (1986)
Sex-role stereotyping in British television advertisements at different times of the day: An extension and refinement of Manstead & McCulloch (1981)British Journal of Social Psychology, 25
B. Gunter, M. Svennevig (1987)
Behind and in front of the screen.
K. C. Schneider, S. B. Schneider (1979)
Trends in sex roles in television commercialsJournal of Marketing, 43
C. Ferrante (1988)
Image of women in television advertisingJournal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 32
M. Suezle (1970)
Transaction, 8
R. Craig (1992)
The effect of television day pay part on gender portrayals in television comme rcials: A content analysisSex Roles, 26
B. Gunter (1995)
Television and gender representation.
A. Furnham, L. Thomson (1999)
Gender role stereotyping in advertisements on two British radio stationsSex Roles, 40
L. Jaffe, P. Berger (1994)
The effect of modern female sex-role portrayals on advertising effectivenessJournal of Advertising Research, 231
S. Livingstone, G. Green (1986)
Television advertisements and the portrayal of genderBritish Journal of Social Psychology, 25
A. Furnham (1999)
Gender Role Stereotyping in Advertisements on Two British Radio StationsSex Roles, 40
M. C. Gilly (1988)
Sex Roles in Advertising: A Comparison of Television Advertisements in Australia, Mexico, and the United StatesJournal of Marketing, 52
K. Durkin (1986)
The psychology of sex roles.
B. Gunter, M. Wober (1983)
Violence on television: What the viewers think.
D. J. Hawkins (1976)
Advertising and differentiated sex roles in contemporary American societyJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 4
L. Z. McArthur (1975)
The Portrayal of Men and Women in American Television CommercialsJournal of Social Psychology, 97
W. O'Donnell, K. O'Donnell (1978)
Update: Gender role message in TV commercialsJournal of Communication, 28
B. Olson (1997)
The family on television: Evaluation of gender roles in situation comedySex Roles, 36
W. Hurtz (1997)
Gender role stereotyping in Australian radio commercialsSex Roles, 36
J. Williams, D. Best (1982)
Measuring sex stereotypes: A thirty nation study.
A. Furnham (1997)
Changes in the Stereotypical Portrayal of Men and Women in British Television AdvertisementsEuropean Psychologist, 2
M. Suezle (1970)
Women in labourTransaction, 8
R. Zajonc (1968)
Attitudinal effects of mere exposureJournal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9
W. O'Donnell (1978)
Update: Sex-Role Messages in TV CommercialsJournal of Communication, 28
Since the pioneering content-analytic study byMcArthur and Resko (1975) on sex-role stereotyping oftelevision advertisements in America, many others haveused a similar methodology and coding scheme to examine similar stereotypes in their owncountries. This study compares and contrasts 14 studies,all using the McArthur and Resko (1975) scheme: 3 fromAmerica, 1 each from Australia, Denmark, and France, and 2 and one from Great Britain, Hong Kong,Indonesia, Italy, Kenya, Mexico, and Portugal. Problemsof such a comparison are considered: specifically, theequivalence of the channel, the three different time periods, and slight variations in thecontentcategories. Nevertheless, clear patterns arisewhich attestto the universality of sex-role stereotypingin television commercials.
Sex Roles – Springer Journals
Published: Sep 30, 2004
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.