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Nuclear localization signals for four distinct karyopherin-beta nuclear import systems

Nuclear localization signals for four distinct karyopherin-beta nuclear import systems <jats:p>The Karyopherin-β family of proteins mediates nuclear transport of macromolecules. Nuclear versus cytoplasmic localization of proteins is often suggested by the presence of NLSs (nuclear localization signals) or NESs (nuclear export signals). Import-Karyopherin-βs or Importins bind to NLSs in their protein cargos to transport them through nuclear pore complexes into the nucleus. Until recently, only two classes of NLS had been biochemically and structurally characterized: the classical NLS, which is recognized by the Importin-α/β heterodimer and the PY-NLS (proline–tyrosine NLS), which is recognized by Karyopherin-β2 or Transportin-1. Structures of two other Karyopherin-βs, Kap121 and Transportin-SR2, in complex with their respective cargos were reported for the first time recently, revealing two new distinct classes of NLSs. The present paper briefly describes the classical NLS, reviews recent literature on the PY-NLS and provides in-depth reviews of the two newly discovered classes of NLSs that bind Kap121p and Transportin-SR respectively.</jats:p> http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Biochemical Journal Portland Press

Nuclear localization signals for four distinct karyopherin-beta nuclear import systems

Biochemical Journal , Volume 468 – Jun 15, 2015
10 pages

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Publisher
Portland Press
Copyright
Copyright by Portland Press
ISSN
0264-6021
eISSN
1470-8728
DOI
10.1042/BJ20150368
pmid
26173234
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

<jats:p>The Karyopherin-β family of proteins mediates nuclear transport of macromolecules. Nuclear versus cytoplasmic localization of proteins is often suggested by the presence of NLSs (nuclear localization signals) or NESs (nuclear export signals). Import-Karyopherin-βs or Importins bind to NLSs in their protein cargos to transport them through nuclear pore complexes into the nucleus. Until recently, only two classes of NLS had been biochemically and structurally characterized: the classical NLS, which is recognized by the Importin-α/β heterodimer and the PY-NLS (proline–tyrosine NLS), which is recognized by Karyopherin-β2 or Transportin-1. Structures of two other Karyopherin-βs, Kap121 and Transportin-SR2, in complex with their respective cargos were reported for the first time recently, revealing two new distinct classes of NLSs. The present paper briefly describes the classical NLS, reviews recent literature on the PY-NLS and provides in-depth reviews of the two newly discovered classes of NLSs that bind Kap121p and Transportin-SR respectively.</jats:p>

Journal

Biochemical JournalPortland Press

Published: Jun 15, 2015

Keywords: Importin, Karyopherin, nuclear import, nuclear localization signal (NLS), nuclear pore, nucleocytoplasmic transport

References