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The 70 kDa heat shock proteins (the Hsp70 family) assist refolding of their substrates through ATP-controlled binding. We have analyzed mutants of DnaK, an Hsp70 homolog, altered in key residues of its substrate binding domain. Substrate binding occurs by a dynamic mechanism involving: a hydrophobic pocket for a single residue that is crucial for affinity, a two-layered closing device involving independent action of an α-helical lid and an arch, and a superimposed allosteric mechanism of ATP-controlled opening of the substrate binding cavity that operates largely through a β-structured subdomain. Correlative evidence from mutational analysis suggests that the ADP and ATP states of DnaK differ in the frequency of the conformational changes in the α-helical lid and β-domain that cause opening of the substrate binding cavity. The affinity for substrates, as defined by this mechanism, determines the efficiency of DnaJ-mediated and ATP hydrolysis mediated locking-in of substrates and chaperone activity of DnaK.
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology – Springer Journals
Published: Jul 1, 2000
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