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vom Saal, Frederick S.; Welshons, Wade V.
doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.38pmid: 26988616
In a new study, a dramatic decrease in the frequency of implantation, pregnancy and live birth is associated with increased urine levels of bisphenol A (BPA) in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, in women who consume soy-containing foods, the interfering effect of BPA on IVF success is negated.
Iyengar, Puneeth; Scherer, Philipp E.
doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.20pmid: 26915527
Cold exposure enhances brown adipose tissue activity, the beiging of white adipose tissue and might have antidiabetic and antiobesity effects. In new data, cold exposure induces and sustains brown adipose tissue in metabolically healthy individuals with obesity, suggesting that cold treatment might be clinically beneficial, even for those with increased BMI.
Lodish, Maya; Stratakis, Constantine A.
doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.24pmid: 26965378
Germline alterations leading to aberrant cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) pathway activation can cause primary bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and Cushing syndrome Cortisol-secreting adenomas can be caused by somatic mutations in genes encoding components of the cAMP–PKA pathway Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia is frequently a genetic disorder caused by ARMC5 inactivating mutations Intra-adrenal production of adrenocorticotropic hormone by steroidogenic cells contributes to dysregulated cortisol production in some types of adrenal hyperplasia, yielding potential new therapeutic targets for Cushing syndrome
Op de Beeck, Anne; Eizirik, Decio L.
doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.30pmid: 27020257
Viral infections — particularly by enteroviruses (for example, coxsackievirus) — have been implicated in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) Many candidate genes for T1DM regulate antiviral responses in pancreatic β cells Pancreatic islet α cells trigger a more efficient antiviral response than β cells following infection with diabetogenic viruses, thus enabling α cells to eradicate viral infections without undergoing apoptosis An inability to clear viral infections could explain why chronically infected β cells, but not α cells, are targeted by an autoimmune response and killed during development of T1DM The identification of key diabetogenic viruses and the downstream mechanisms leading to insulitis might enable a preventive approach to T1DM by vaccination
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