Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

Prokopyeva, Elena A.;Zinserling, Vsevolod A.;Bae, You-Chan;Kwon, Yongkuk;Kurskaya, Olga G.;Sobolev, Ivan A.;Kozhin, Peter M.;Komissarov, Andrey;Fadeev, Artem;Petrov, Vladimir;Shestopalov, Alexander M.;Sharshov, Kirill A.

doi: 10.1155/2019/4124865pmid: 31354812

The emergence of novel highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) in migratory birds raises serious concerns as these viruses have the potential to spread during fall migration. We report the identification of novel HPAIV A(H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4 virus that was isolated from sick domestic duck at commercial farm during the second wave of spread that began in October and affected poultry (ducks; chiсkens) in several European regions of Russia and Western Siberia in 2016. The strain was highly lethal in experimental infection of chickens and mice with IVPI = 2.34 and <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.29112pt" id="M1" height="11.6791pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.38798 37.7319 11.6791" width="37.7319pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g121-75" d="M861 0V28C774 35 771 41 768 147L759 509C756 612 762 614 851 622V650H681L449 149L221 650H57V622C148 613 153 609 144 479L130 271C123 166 117 123 111 88C104 46 85 34 26 28V0H259V28C192 35 169 42 167 90C166 130 166 173 170 256L185 541H187L411 7H431L675 555H679L683 147C683 41 680 35 598 28V0H861Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.583,0)"><path id="g121-74" d="M495 163C480 117 462 85 444 65C421 39 387 34 332 34C290 34 256 36 236 47C218 57 213 77 213 131V526C213 612 222 616 301 622V650H40V622C122 616 128 611 128 526V126C128 41 120 34 36 28V0H489C498 31 519 126 525 157L495 163Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,18.577,0)"><path id="g121-66" d="M43 650V622C120 616 128 612 128 526V124C128 39 120 33 34 27V0H270C392 0 492 25 567 83C643 141 690 230 690 350C690 444 655 517 605 565C543 625 450 650 323 650H43ZM213 547C213 587 217 598 226 604C236 612 262 617 304 617C371 617 429 604 474 576C554 529 592 439 592 336C592 176 505 36 319 36C246 36 213 55 213 131V547Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,28.238,3.132)"><path id="g50-54" d="M158 548H390L417 615L410 623H122L83 318C105 326 143 337 185 337C296 337 350 275 350 188C350 116 308 42 225 42C164 42 122 74 100 93C90 101 82 99 72 92C60 82 51 68 50 59C48 46 52 38 66 24C82 9 125 -12 172 -12C225 -11 292 15 346 59C408 108 437 166 437 226C437 309 371 397 242 397C214 397 170 382 133 369L158 548Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,32.669,3.132)"><path id="g50-49" d="M245 635C92 635 37 457 37 312C37 149 91 -12 244 -12C395 -12 449 166 449 312C449 469 395 635 245 635ZM243 598C332 598 358 454 358 312C358 173 334 26 245 26C158 26 128 174 128 313S152 598 243 598Z"/></g></svg> = 1.3<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.97745pt" id="M2" height="13.2136pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.23615 26.2838 13.2136" width="26.2838pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g121-106" d="M238 0V26C174 32 166 38 166 104V712C132 700 70 683 18 677V653C81 647 87 645 87 577V104C87 38 78 32 15 26V0H238Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,3.289,0)"><path id="g121-109" d="M257 449C165 449 37 374 37 209C37 98 119 -12 256 -12C355 -12 473 65 473 226C473 349 381 449 257 449ZM244 416C333 416 380 320 380 204C380 67 329 21 267 21C184 21 130 115 130 241C130 354 184 416 244 416Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.919,0)"><path id="g121-101" d="M463 437C426 431 375 425 327 422C297 440 264 449 231 449H230C153 449 51 396 51 283C51 215 94 168 139 149C123 129 91 103 51 88C50 78 53 60 62 46C75 25 100 2 136 -9C112 -28 73 -59 53 -79C38 -94 29 -113 29 -135C30 -192 91 -257 203 -257C336 -257 452 -160 452 -59C452 39 371 59 309 59C275 59 240 58 203 58C158 58 140 77 140 96C140 110 157 129 170 138C186 135 205 133 221 133C306 133 396 185 396 293C396 328 384 360 366 381L423 378C439 387 459 413 468 429L463 437ZM219 418C277 418 314 362 314 284C314 205 275 166 231 165C176 165 137 221 137 299C137 376 177 418 219 418ZM241 -11C285 -11 314 -14 339 -24C367 -36 384 -61 384 -95C384 -157 335 -206 240 -206C166 -206 108 -165 108 -110C108 -82 128 -54 154 -32C172 -17 195 -11 241 -11Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,16.063,3.818)"><path id="g50-50" d="M389 0V32C297 38 291 46 291 118V635C234 613 175 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 552 207 547 207 497V118C207 46 201 38 110 32V0H389Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.495,3.818)"><use xlink:href="#g50-49"/></g></svg>EI<span class="nowrap"><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.29112pt" id="M3" height="11.6791pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.38798 19.0852 11.6791" width="19.0852pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-66"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.555,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g50-54"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.987,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g50-49"/></g></svg>,</span> accordingly. Inoculation of chickens with the HPAIV A/H5N8 demonstrated neuroinvasiveness, multiorgan failure, and death of chickens on the <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" id="M4" height="12.3641pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -12.1577 15.1366 12.3641" width="15.1366pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g113-52" d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 325 635 236 635H235C182 635 136 610 108 579L65 516L85 496C110 533 150 575 205 575C258 575 300 543 300 481C300 407 232 369 141 339L147 310C163 315 188 321 211 321C268 321 338 284 338 192C338 94 288 40 217 40C160 40 119 68 93 91C85 98 77 97 69 91C60 84 47 71 46 58C44 46 48 35 62 22C75 10 116 -12 162 -12C234 -12 424 62 424 224C424 297 373 359 285 376V378Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.24,-5.741)"><path id="g58-112" d="M185 344V453C137 433 92 421 41 413V386C100 378 104 375 104 310V106C104 41 97 35 33 30V0H268V30C190 35 185 41 185 107V283C206 340 240 371 267 371C282 371 296 364 310 351C316 344 325 343 336 348C357 357 369 378 369 399C369 424 345 451 310 451C262 451 219 397 187 344H185Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.589,-5.741)"><path id="g58-98" d="M526 56L493 58C457 61 448 68 448 119V710C411 697 344 682 288 675V646C362 641 367 639 367 573V439C344 448 315 451 300 451C164 451 40 342 40 202C40 61 147 -12 227 -12C239 -12 266 -7 305 16L367 53V-12C427 10 505 21 526 26V56ZM367 88C342 69 306 54 271 54C207 54 133 111 133 229C133 373 219 409 264 409C301 409 342 394 367 359V88Z"/></g></svg> day post inoculation. Virus replicated in all collected organ samples in high viral titers with the highest titer in the brain (6.75±0.1 l<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.97747pt" id="M5" height="9.95142pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -5.97395 22.256 9.95142" width="22.256pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-109"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.63,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-101"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.762,3.818)"><use xlink:href="#g50-50"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.193,3.818)"><use xlink:href="#g50-49"/></g></svg>TCI<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.29112pt" id="M6" height="11.6791pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.38798 19.0852 11.6791" width="19.0852pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-66"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.555,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g50-54"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.987,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g50-49"/></g></svg>/ml). Effective virus replication was found in the following cells: neurons and glial cells of a brain; alveolar cells and macrophages of lungs; epithelial cells of a small intestine; hepatocytes and Kupffer cells of a liver; macrophages and endothelial cells of a spleen; and the tubular epithelial cells of kidneys. These findings advance our understanding of histopathological effect of A(H5N8) HPAIV infection.