Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism

Rabbani, N.; Thornalley, P. J.

doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01384.xpmid: 21342411

Thiamine supplementation may prevent and reverse early‐stage diabetic nephropathy. This probably occurs by correcting diabetes‐linked increased clearance of thiamine, maintaining activity and expression of thiamine pyrophosphate‐dependent enzymes that help counter the adverse effects of high glucose concentrations—particularly transketolase. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies suggests that metabolism and clearance of thiamine is disturbed in diabetes leading to tissue‐specific thiamine deficiency in the kidney and other sites of development of vascular complications. Thiamine supplementation prevented the development of early‐stage nephropathy in diabetic rats and reversed increased urinary albumin excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria in two recent clinical trials. The thiamine monophosphate prodrug, Benfotiamine, whilst preventing early‐stage development of diabetic nephropathy experimentally, has failed to produce similar clinical effect. The probable explanations for this are discussed. Further definitive trials for prevention of progression of early‐stage diabetic nephropathy by thiamine are now required.

Kim, D.; Lee, M.‐S.; Jo, K.; Lee, K.‐E.; Hwang, J.‐K.

doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01379.xpmid: 21320266

Aim: AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators have shown potential as therapeutic agents for metabolic disorders. This study was conducted to evaluate therapeutic potential of panduratin (PAN) A, a natural AMPK stimulator, with activation of PPARα/δ for the treatment of obesity.

Esposito, K.; Cozzolino, D.; Bellastella, G.; Maiorino, M. I.; Chiodini, P.; Ceriello, A.; Giugliano, D.

doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01380.xpmid: 21320267

Aim: We assessed the efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors vildagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin and alogliptin to reach the haemoglobin HbA1c target of <7% in people with type 2 diabetes.

Patel, C. G.; Kornhauser, D.; Vachharajani, N.; Komoroski, B.; Brenner, E.; Handschuh del Corral, M.; Li, L.; Boulton, D. W.

doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01381.xpmid: 21332626

Aim: To evaluate the pharmacokinetic interactions of the potent, selective, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, saxagliptin, in combination with metformin, glyburide or pioglitazone.

Leiter, L. A.; Betteridge, D. J.; Farnier, M.; Guyton, J. R.; Lin, J.; Shah, A.; Johnson‐Levonas, A. O.; Brudi, P.

doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01383.xpmid: 21332628

Aim: This post hoc analysis compared the lipid‐altering efficacy and safety of ezetimibe 10 mg plus statin (EZE/statin) vs. statin monotherapy in hypercholesterolaemic patients with and without diabetes.

Hata, T.; Mera, Y.; Kawai, T.; Ishii, Y.; Kuroki, Y.; Kakimoto, K.; Ohta, T.; Kakutani, M.

doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01387.xpmid: 21362121

Aim: Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) takes part in the mobilization of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins from enterocytes and hepatocytes. We investigated the effects of JTT‐130, a novel intestine‐specific MTP inhibitor, on impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats.

Torekov, S. S.; Kipnes, M. S.; Harley, R. E.; Holst, J. J.; Ehlers, M. R.

doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01388.xpmid: 21362122

Aim: To evaluate the dose–response relationship of the recombinant glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (7‐36) amide (rGLP‐1) administered by continuous subcutaneous infusion (CSCI) in subjects with type 2 diabetes, with respect to reductions in fasting, postprandial and 11‐h serum glucose profiles.

Reasner, C.; Olansky, L.; Seck, T. L.; Williams‐Herman, D. E.; Chen, M.; Terranella, L.; Johnson‐Levonas, A. O.; Kaufman, K. D.; Goldstein, B. J.

doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01390.xpmid: 21410627

Gomis, R.; Espadero, R.‐M.; Jones, R.; Woerle, H. J.; Dugi, K. A.

doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01391.xpmid: 21410628

Aims: To compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of linagliptin or placebo administered for 24 weeks in combination with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibiting insufficient glycaemic control (HbA1c 7.5–11.0%).

Paget, M. B.; Murray, H. E.; Bailey, C. J.; Flatt, P. R.; Downing, R.

doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01392.xpmid: 21435140

Aim: Delayed graft revascularization impedes the success of human islet transplantation. This study utilized rotational co‐culture of insulin secreting β‐cells with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ) agonist to promote insulin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretory function.