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Snow, Christine M.; Shaw, Janet M.; Winters, Kerri M.; Witzke, Kara A.
doi: N/Apmid: N/A
Background. Bone mineral density (BMD) is a primary risk factor for hip fracture. We studied the effect of long-term weighted vest plus jumping exercise on hip BMD in postmenopausal women as a strategy for reducing hip fracture risk.Methods. Eighteen postmenopausal women (age = 64.1 ± 1.6 years at baseline, 69.9 ± 1.6 years at post-testing) who had participated in a 9-month exercise intervention volunteered for the long-term trial. Nine of the original group engaged in weighted vest plus jumping exercise three times per week for 32 weeks of the year over a period of 5 years. Nine of the original controls were active but not enrolled in the exercise program. BMD of the proximal femur was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 5 years.Results. At baseline, groups were similar for age, weight, height, years past menopause, and BMD of the femoral neck, trochanter, and total hip. At follow-up, differences in BMD at all regions of the hip were higher in exercisers than controls. For exercisers, changes in BMD were +1.54% ± 2.37%, −0.24% ± 1.02%, and −0.82% ± 1.04% (means + SE) at the femoral neck, trochanter, and total hip, respectively; controls decreased at all sites (−4.43% ± 0.93%, −3.43% ± 1.09%, and −3.80% ± 1.03%, respectively).Conclusions. A 5-year program of weighted vest plus jumping exercise maintains hip BMD by preventing significant bone loss in older postmenopausal women. Furthermore, this particular program appears to promote long-term adherence and compliance, as evidenced by the commitment of the exercisers for more than 5 years.
Magnusson, Kathy R.; Scanga, Chauna; Wagner, Ann E.; Dunlop, Colin
doi: N/Apmid: N/A
This study investigated whether the aging process in dogs is associated with an increased sensitivity to inhalation anesthesia and whether age-related changes in glutamate receptors are related to the increased sensitivity. The mean minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane was 1.82 ± .08% for 2–3 year olds and 1.45 ± .06% for 11 years olds, indicating that there was an increased potency of isoflurane in the older dogs as compared to the young. These older animals also showed a significant decrease in binding of [3H]glutamate and [3H]dizocilpine ([3H]MK801) to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in multiple cortical and hippocampal regions. The density of binding to NMDA receptors in the cortex, using a single concentration of ligand, correlated significantly with individual MAC values. These results demonstrate that dogs experience an increase in anesthetic potency with increased age, similar to humans, and that age-related changes in the NMDA receptor may represent one mechanism underlying this increased sensitivity to anesthesia.
Michel, Jean-Pierre; Hoffmeyer, Pierre; Klopfenstein, Claude; Bruchez, Michel; Grab, Bernard; d'Epinay, Christian Lalive
doi: N/Apmid: N/A
Background. Many investigators have identified distinct medical, demographic and psychosocial prefracture conditions that influence the functional outcome of patients surgically treated for a fracture of the hip. However, to design efficient intervention care programs addressing the needs of these patients, at optimal economic and social costs, more information is required on the typical combinations of prognostic determinants actually encountered.Methods. Data on specific descriptors of the prefracture status and on mobility and functioning 1 year after surgical intervention were collected by interview from 253 consecutive patients hospitalized for a fracture of the proximal femur. Cluster analysis was used to form homogeneous groups of patients with similar profiles in terms of the 13 predictive variables and the 7 outcome variables significantly interrelated. The modeling procedure generated four clusters of patients with a typical profile sharply contrasted by their structure.Results. Subjects of two clusters could walk without difficulty and were functionally independent prior to their hip fracture. One year later, however, mobility and functioning were only fully recovered by the members of one cluster. The majority of predictors were of less favorable prognostic value for the members of the second cluster. The other two clusters regrouped patients with impaired prefracture mobility that were either unaltered or even aggravated 1 year later.Conclusions. Cluster analysis identified typical profiles of elderly hip fracture patients. Close scrutiny of their respective global structure, in terms of combined prognostic determinants and outcomes, may help to develop specific management strategies that are more efficiently adapted to these different groups of patients.
Ravaglia, Giovanni; Forti, Paola; Maioli, Fabiola; Nesi, Barbara; Pratelli, Loredana; Cucinotta, Domenico; Bastagli, Luciana; Cavalli, Giancarlo
doi: N/Apmid: N/A
Background. Bone loss in elderly men is associated with changes in body composition and reduced secretion of endogenous anabolizing hormones. The independent influences of body composition and endocrine factors on male bone metabolism, however, are unclear.Methods. Bone mass density (BMD) (bone mass content [BMC, g]/projected bone area [BA, cm2]) at different skeletal sites, skeletal muscle, and body fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 129 men aged 20 to 95 years. Free testosterone, 17-β-estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) serum concentrations were measured. Because BMD may fail to control for differences in skeletal size, the associations of bone mass with body composition and hormones were studied by comparing BMD regression models incorporating age and knee height only with BMC regression models also incorporating BA.Results. Skeletal muscle had close associations ( p at least < .01) with BMD and BMC at almost all skeletal sites, but the strength of these associations was generally reduced in BMC with respect to BMD models. Weak associations ( p < .05) were found in both models for fatness with femoral bone and for 17-β-estradiol with total body and femoral bone. The association of 17-β-estradiol with spinal bone was significant ( p < .05) in the BMD but not in the BMC model. No association of BMC or BMD with androgens and IGF-1 reached significancy.Conclusions. Skeletal muscle may be more important than fatness and anabolizing hormones in preserving bone mass in elderly men. In contrast to traditional belief, estrogens may be more important than androgens and IGF-1 in male bone metabolism.
David A. Padgett, Robert C. MacCallum, Roger M. Loria, John F. Sheridan
doi: 10.1093/gerona/55.9.B418pmid: 10995038
Androstenediol (AED), a metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) regulates innate and adaptive immune responses. To examine whether AED could effectively reverse the age-associated decline of antiviral immunity, 3-, 10-, and 22-month-old mice were treated with AED-sulfate (AED-S) for 45 days beginning 10 days prior to vaccination. Subsequently, mice were primed and boosted with suboptimal doses of a commercially-available trivalent influenza vaccine. Treatment of 10-month-old animals with AED-S during vaccination increased the titer of circulating antiviral immunoglobulin G to levels comparable with those in 3-month-old mice. Furthermore, AED-S treatment protected 10-month-old animals from intranasal challenge with a lethal dose of influenza virus 21 days after secondary vaccination. Although AED-S treatment of 22-month-old mice did not enhance vaccine responses and failed to protect against lethal challenge, the data from the 10-month-old animals suggest that treatment with AED-S will prevent the early manifestations of immunosenescence. The Gerontological Society of America « Previous | Next Article » Table of Contents This Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci (2000) 55 (9): B418-B424. doi: 10.1093/gerona/55.9.B418 » Abstract Free Full Text (HTML) Free Full Text (PDF) Free Classifications Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences Services Article metrics Alert me when cited Alert me if corrected Find similar articles Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Add to my archive Download citation Request Permissions Citing Articles Load citing article information Citing articles via CrossRef Citing articles via Scopus Citing articles via Web of Science Citing articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Padgett, D. A. Articles by Sheridan, J. F. Search for related content PubMed PubMed citation Articles by Padgett, D. A. Articles by MacCallum, R. C. Articles by Loria, R. M. Articles by Sheridan, J. F. Related Content Load related web page information Share Email this article CiteULike Delicious Facebook Google+ Mendeley Twitter What's this? Search this journal: Advanced » Current Issue November 2015 70 (11) Alert me to new issues The Journal About the journal Translational Articles Free Editors’ Choice Articles Impact Factor Articles The Journals of Gerontology, Series A Supplements Special Issues Rights & permissions We are mobile – find out more Journal Career Network Published on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America Impact Factor: 5.416 5-Yr impact factor: 5.406 Editorial Boards The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences Rafael de Cabo, PhD, Editor View full editorial board The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Medical Sciences Stephen B. Kritchevsky, PhD View full editorial board For the Media GSA Press Room For Authors Instructions to authors Services for authors Submit Now: Biological Sciences Submit Now: Medical Sciences Self-Archiving Policy Online Submission Open access options for authors - visit Oxford Open WhsSvhnOkaAwYG81FJCYgwG7z1LnIP2F true Looking for your next opportunity? Looking for jobs... jQuery_1_11 = jQuery.noConflict(true); Corporate Services What we offer Advertising sales Reprints Supplements Classified Advertising Sales Alerting Services Email table of contents CiteTrack XML RSS feed
Magaziner, Jay; Hawkes, William; Hebel, J. Richard; Zimmerman, Sheryl Itkin; Fox, Kathleen M.; Dolan, Melissa; Felsenthal, Gerald; Kenzora, John
doi: N/Apmid: N/A
Background. This report describes changes in eight areas of functioning after a hip fracture, identifies the point at which maximal levels of recovery are reached in each area, and evaluates the sequence of recuperation across multiple functional domains.Methods. Community-residing hip fracture patients (n = 674) admitted to eight hospitals in Baltimore, Maryland, 1990–1991, were followed prospectively for 2 years from the time of hospitalization. Eight areas of function (i.e., upper and lower extremity physical and instrumental activities of daily living; gait and balance; social, cognitive, and affective function) were measured by personal interview and direct observation during hospitalization at 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Levels of recovery are described in each area, and time to reach maximal recovery was estimated using Generalized Estimating Equations and longitudinal data.Results. Most areas of functioning showed progressive lessening of dependence over the first postfracture year, with different levels of recovery and time to maximum levels observed for each area. New dependency in physical and instrumental tasks for those not requiring equipment or human assistance prefracture ranged from as low as 20.3% for putting on pants to as high as 89.9% for climbing five stairs. Recuperation times were specific to area of function, ranging from approximately 4 months for depressive symptoms (3.9 months), upper extremity function (4.3 months), and cognition (4.4 months) to almost a year for lower extremity function (11.2 months).Conclusions. Functional disability following hip fracture is significant, patterns of recovery differ by area of function, and there appears to be an orderly sequence by which areas of function reach their maximal levels.
Kuo-Chu Chang, Ying-I Peng, Shou-Huang Dai, Yung-Zu Tseng
doi: 10.1093/gerona/55.9.B440pmid: 10995041
Both the maximal systolic elastance ( E max ) and the theoretical maximal flow (Q. max ) can quantify the systolic mechanical behavior of the ventricular pump. Physically, E max can reflect the intrinsic contractility of the myocardium as an intact heart. The quantity in Q. max is inversely related to the internal resistance of the left ventricle. How great the effects of age are on these E max and Q. max has never been examined, however. This study was to determine the ventricular pumping mechanics in terms of the systolic elastance and resistance in male Fischer rats at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. We measured left ventricular (LV) pressure and ascending aortic flow waves using a high-fidelity pressure sensor and an electromagnetic flow probe, respectively. Those two parameters that characterize the systolic pumping mechanics of the left ventricle are obtained by making use of an elastance–resistance model. The basic hemodynamic condition in those animals with different ages is characterized by (i) no significant change in cardiac output and (ii) a decrease in basal heart rate, LV end-systolic pressure, as well as effective arterial volume elastance. Changes that take place in the left ventricle with age include a decline in E max and an increase in Q. max , especially at 24 months. These results demonstrate that the impaired intrinsic contractility of an aging heart may be compensated to some extent by the diminished ventricular internal resistance. Such compensation in aging rats may maintain normal blood flow essential for the metabolic needs of tissues and/or organs before heart dysfunction and failure occur. The Gerontological Society of America « Previous | Next Article » Table of Contents This Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci (2000) 55 (9): B440-B447. doi: 10.1093/gerona/55.9.B440 » Abstract Free Full Text (HTML) Free Full Text (PDF) Free Classifications Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences Services Article metrics Alert me when cited Alert me if corrected Find similar articles Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Add to my archive Download citation Request Permissions Citing Articles Load citing article information Citing articles via CrossRef Citing articles via Scopus Citing articles via Web of Science Citing articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Chang, K. C. Articles by Tseng, Y. Z. Search for related content PubMed PubMed citation Articles by Chang, K. C. Articles by Peng, Y. I. Articles by Dai, S. H. Articles by Tseng, Y. Z. Related Content Load related web page information Share Email this article CiteULike Delicious Facebook Google+ Mendeley Twitter What's this? Search this journal: Advanced » Current Issue November 2015 70 (11) Alert me to new issues The Journal About the journal Translational Articles Free Editors’ Choice Articles Impact Factor Articles The Journals of Gerontology, Series A Supplements Special Issues Rights & permissions We are mobile – find out more Journal Career Network Published on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America Impact Factor: 5.416 5-Yr impact factor: 5.406 Editorial Boards The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences Rafael de Cabo, PhD, Editor View full editorial board The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Medical Sciences Stephen B. Kritchevsky, PhD View full editorial board For the Media GSA Press Room For Authors Instructions to authors Services for authors Submit Now: Biological Sciences Submit Now: Medical Sciences Self-Archiving Policy Online Submission Open access options for authors - visit Oxford Open WhsSvhnOkaAwYG81FJCYgwG7z1LnIP2F true Looking for your next opportunity? Looking for jobs... jQuery_1_11 = jQuery.noConflict(true); Corporate Services What we offer Advertising sales Reprints Supplements Classified Advertising Sales Alerting Services Email table of contents CiteTrack XML RSS feed
Puisieux, François; Bulckaen, Hélène; Fauchais, Anne Laure; Drumez, Sylvie; Salomez-Granier, Françoise; Dewailly, Philippe
doi: N/Apmid: N/A
Background. Postprandial hypotension (PPH) is increasingly recognized as a common cause of falls and syncope in elderly persons. Noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has been recommended for detecting PPH. This study investigates postprandial blood pressure (BP) changes by means of ABPM in elderly patients experiencing falls or syncopes.Methods. Twenty-four-hour ABPM was performed in 156 inpatients (111 women, mean age 80.4 ± 8.1 years). Among them, 45 had been admitted for falls and 75 for syncope; 36 with no history of falls or syncope served as controls. Postprandial change in systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP) was calculated by subtracting the mean SBP within the 2 hours following the meal from the mean SBP within the 2 hours preceding the meal. PPH was defined by a ΔSBP ≥ 20 mm Hg.Results. For the entire group, mean SBP decreased after the three meals. On average, the decline in SBP was greater after breakfast than after lunch or dinner, and the number of patients experiencing PPH was greater after breakfast. Average maximal ΔSBP was significantly larger in the syncope group than in the other groups ( p < .05). Moreover, the number of patients experiencing PPH was significantly higher in the syncope/fall group than in the control group (23% vs 9%; p = .03). Compared with patients without PPH, patients with PPH were more likely to have a history of diabetes mellitus (p < .01) or to use more than three different drugs daily ( p = .04), and they showed greater daytime SBP variability (p < .0001). Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between preprandial SBP and ΔSBP after breakfast.Conclusions. About one out of four elderly patients with falls or syncope experiences PPH, usually after breakfast. Postprandial decline in BP contributes to BP variability. ΔSBP and preprandial SBP are positively correlated.
doi: 10.1093/gerona/55.9.M508pmid: 10995048
Background. Many investigators have identified distinct medical, demographic and psychosocial prefracture conditions that influence the functional outcome of patients surgically treated for a fracture of the hip. However, to design efficient intervention care programs addressing the needs of these patients, at optimal economic and social costs, more information is required on the typical combinations of prognostic determinants actually encountered. Methods. Data on specific descriptors of the prefracture status and on mobility and functioning 1 year after surgical intervention were collected by interview from 253 consecutive patients hospitalized for a fracture of the proximal femur. Cluster analysis was used to form homogeneous groups of patients with similar profiles in terms of the 13 predictive variables and the 7 outcome variables significantly interrelated. The modeling procedure generated four clusters of patients with a typical profile sharply contrasted by their structure. Results. Subjects of two clusters could walk without difficulty and were functionally independent prior to their hip fracture. One year later, however, mobility and functioning were only fully recovered by the members of one cluster. The majority of predictors were of less favorable prognostic value for the members of the second cluster. The other two clusters regrouped patients with impaired prefracture mobility that were either unaltered or even aggravated 1 year later. Conclusions. Cluster analysis identified typical profiles of elderly hip fracture patients. Close scrutiny of their respective global structure, in terms of combined prognostic determinants and outcomes, may help to develop specific management strategies that are more efficiently adapted to these different groups of patients. The Gerontological Society of America « Previous | Next Article » Table of Contents This Article J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci (2000) 55 (9): M508-M515. doi: 10.1093/gerona/55.9.M508 » Abstract Free Full Text (HTML) Free Full Text (PDF) Free Classifications Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences Services Article metrics Alert me when cited Alert me if corrected Find similar articles Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Add to my archive Download citation Request Permissions Citing Articles Load citing article information Citing articles via CrossRef Citing articles via Scopus Citing articles via Web of Science Citing articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Michel, J. P. Articles by d'Epinay, C. L. Search for related content PubMed PubMed citation Articles by Michel, J. P. Articles by Hoffmeyer, P. Articles by Klopfenstein, C. Articles by Bruchez, M. Articles by Grab, B. Articles by d'Epinay, C. L. Related Content Load related web page information Share Email this article CiteULike Delicious Facebook Google+ Mendeley Twitter What's this? Search this journal: Advanced » Current Issue November 2015 70 (11) Alert me to new issues The Journal About the journal Translational Articles Free Editors’ Choice Articles Impact Factor Articles The Journals of Gerontology, Series A Supplements Special Issues Rights & permissions We are mobile – find out more Journal Career Network Published on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America Impact Factor: 5.416 5-Yr impact factor: 5.406 Editorial Boards The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences Rafael de Cabo, PhD, Editor View full editorial board The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Medical Sciences Stephen B. Kritchevsky, PhD View full editorial board For the Media GSA Press Room For Authors Instructions to authors Services for authors Submit Now: Biological Sciences Submit Now: Medical Sciences Self-Archiving Policy Online Submission Open access options for authors - visit Oxford Open WhsSvhnOkaAwYG81FJCYgwG7z1LnIP2F true Looking for your next opportunity? Looking for jobs... jQuery_1_11 = jQuery.noConflict(true); Corporate Services What we offer Advertising sales Reprints Supplements Classified Advertising Sales Alerting Services Email table of contents CiteTrack XML RSS feed
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