"The Journals of Gerontology - Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"

Estaki, Mehrbod; Langsetmo, Lisa; Shardell, Michelle; Mischel, Anna; Jiang, Lingjing; Zhong, Yuan; Kaufmann, Christopher; Knight, Rob; Stone, Katie; Kado, Deborah

2023 "The Journals of Gerontology - Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"

doi: 10.1093/gerona/glad011pmid: 36655399

Abstract Background Growing evidence suggests bi-directional links between gut microbiota and sleep quality as shared contributors to health. Little is known about the relationship between microbiota and sleep among older persons. Methods We used 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize stool microbiota among men (n=606, mean [SD] age = 83.9 [3.8]) enrolled in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study from 2014-16. Sleep was assessed concurrently by questionnaire (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index [PSQI]), and activity monitor to examine timing (acrophase) and regularity of patterns (F-statistic). Alpha diversity was measured using Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (PD). Beta diversity was calculated with robust Aitchison distances (RPCA) and phylogenetic-RPCA (PRPCA). Their association with sleep variables was tested with a partial distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA). Predictive-ratio biomarkers associated with sleep measurements were identified with CoDACoRe. Results In unadjusted analyses, men with poor sleep (PSQI >5) tended to have lower alpha-diversity compared to men with normal sleep (Faith’s PD, beta= -0.15; 95% CI:-0.30-0.01, p=0.06). Sleep regularity was significantly associated with RPCA and PRPCA, even after adjusting for site, batch, age, ethnicity, body mass index, diabetes, antidepressant and sleep medication use, and health behaviors (RPCA/PRPCA dbRDA p=.033/0.002). In taxonomic analysis, a ratio of 7:6 bacteria for better regularity (p = 0.0004) and 4:7 for worse self-reported sleep (p = 0.005) were differentially abundant: some butyrate-producing bacteria were associated with better sleep characteristics. Conclusions Subjective and objective indicators of sleep quality suggest that older men with better sleep patterns are more likely to harbor butyrate-producing bacteria associated with better health. Accepted manuscripts Accepted manuscripts are PDF versions of the author’s final manuscript, as accepted for publication by the journal but prior to copyediting or typesetting. They can be cited using the author(s), article title, journal title, year of online publication, and DOI. They will be replaced by the final typeset articles, which may therefore contain changes. The DOI will remain the same throughout. PDF This content is only available as a PDF. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America 2023. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

Qi, Xiang; Pei, Yaolin; Malone, Susan K; Wu, Bei

2023 "The Journals of Gerontology - Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"

doi: 10.1093/gerona/glad004pmid: 36617184

Abstract Background Social isolation is prevalent and associated with dementia, yet the directionality and mechanisms are less understood. This study examined the association between social isolation and cognitive functioning and explored the mediating role of sleep disturbance on the social isolation-cognition relationship. Methods Data from 5,753 dementia-free Americans aged ≥50 of 2006 (T1), 2010 (T2), and 2014 (T3) waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Social isolation was measured by the Steptoe Social Isolation Index. Cognitive functioning was measured by the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status. Sleep disturbance was measured with the modified Jenkins Sleep Scale. We used cross-lagged panel models to determine the associations between social isolation, sleep disturbance, and cognitive functioning. Results Social isolation is significantly associated with subsequent cognitive functioning (T1 to T2: β = -0.055, standard error [SE] = 0.014, p < 0.001; T2 to T3: β = -0.044, SE = 0.016, p < 0.001). Lower cognitive functioning is significantly associated with greater subsequent social isolation (T1 to T2: β = -0.101, SE = 0.020, p < 0.001; T2 to T3: β = -0.058, SE = 0.011, p < 0.001). Sleep disturbance at T2 partially mediated the effect of social isolation (T1) on cognitive functioning (T3), accounting for 6.2% of the total effect (β = -0.003, SE = 0.001, p < 0.01). Conclusions Social isolation may deteriorate cognitive functioning and vice versa. The association between social isolation and cognition is partially explained by sleep disturbance. Cognition, Sleep, Psychosocial, Cognitive Aging, Social Relationship Accepted manuscripts Accepted manuscripts are PDF versions of the author’s final manuscript, as accepted for publication by the journal but prior to copyediting or typesetting. They can be cited using the author(s), article title, journal title, year of online publication, and DOI. They will be replaced by the final typeset articles, which may therefore contain changes. The DOI will remain the same throughout. PDF This content is only available as a PDF. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights)

Newman, Anne B; Patel, Sheena; Kizer, Jorge; Lee, Se-Jin; Bhasin, Shalinder; Cawthon, Peggy; LeBrasseur, Nathan; Tracy, Russel P; Ganz, Peter; Cummings, Steve

2023 "The Journals of Gerontology - Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"

doi: 10.1093/gerona/glad019pmid: 36660892

Abstract Background Studies using heterochronic parabiosis discovered that circulating factors mediate brain aging in animal models. Methods We assessed Growth Differentiation Factor (GDF)-11 and GDF-8 using mass spectrometry and inhibitors follistatin and follistatin-like protein-3 (FSTL-3) with ELISA in in the Cardiovascular Health Study (N=1506) and the Health ABC study (N=1237). CLL-11 and Beta 2 microglobulin (B2M) were measured with ELISA in a subset of 400 individuals in Health ABC. Associations were assessed with cognitive function, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings (CHS only) and incident dementia using correlations, linear regression and Cox proportional hazards models. Results In CHS, levels of GDF-11, GDF-8 and follistatin were not correlated cross sectionally with the 3MSE or DSST, brain MRI findings of white matter hyperintensity, atrophy or small infarcts, nor were they associated with incident dementia. FSTL-3 was modestly correlated with poorer cognitive function, greater white matter hyperintensities and atrophy on MRI as well as with incident dementia with an adjusted HR of 1.72 (95% CI=1.13, 2.61) per doubling of FSTL-3. FSTL-3 was not associated with cognition or dementia in Health ABC, but GDF-8 was associated with both. The adjusted HR for incident dementia was 1.50 (95%CI 1.07, 2.10) per doubling of GDF-8. Conclusions Total GDF-11 level was not related to cognition or dementia in older adults. Associations of GDF-8 with cognitive outcomes in Health ABC were not expected, but consistent with animal models. Associations of FSTL-3 with cognition, brain abnormalities, and incident dementia in CHS implicates TGF-B superfamily inhibition in the pathogenesis of dementia. Accepted manuscripts Accepted manuscripts are PDF versions of the author’s final manuscript, as accepted for publication by the journal but prior to copyediting or typesetting. They can be cited using the author(s), article title, journal title, year of online publication, and DOI. They will be replaced by the final typeset articles, which may therefore contain changes. The DOI will remain the same throughout. PDF This content is only available as a PDF. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights)

Sheffler, Julia L; Burchard, Valeria; Pickett, Scott

2023 "The Journals of Gerontology - Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"

doi: 10.1093/gerona/glad030pmid: 36694358

Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with sleep impairment across the lifespan, but little is known about modifiable factors that may ameliorate this relationship, such as adaptive emotion regulation (ER) skills. Methods Data were obtained from an online questionnaire completed by a community sample of older adults (N=278). The questionnaire included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, an Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and measures of health conditions, and other sample demographics. Moderation analyses were used to examine the interaction between ACEs and five adaptive ER skills of CERQ on sleep quality in older adults, while accounting for the effects of age, sex, income, body mass index, and health. Results ACEs were significantly associated with worse sleep quality in older adults, and this effect was moderated by positive reappraisal and refocusing on planning (ps<.05). For individuals reporting greater use of these ER skills, ACEs had no effect on sleep quality, whereas for individuals reporting less frequent use of these ER skills, ACEs were associated with substantially worse sleep quality. This relationship remained significant after accounting for age, sex, income, body mass index, and health conditions in the model. Conclusions The effects of ACEs on sleep quality persist into older age; however, greater use of ER skills that focus on positively reframing negative events and identifying strategies for coping protect against sleep impairment in individuals with higher ACEs. Stress, Resilience, Psychosocial Accepted manuscripts Accepted manuscripts are PDF versions of the author’s final manuscript, as accepted for publication by the journal but prior to copyediting or typesetting. They can be cited using the author(s), article title, journal title, year of online publication, and DOI. They will be replaced by the final typeset articles, which may therefore contain changes. The DOI will remain the same throughout. PDF This content is only available as a PDF. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights)

Major, Laura; Simonsick, Eleanor M; Napolitano, Melissa A; DiPietro, Loretta

2023 "The Journals of Gerontology - Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"

doi: 10.1093/gerona/glad020pmid: 36652230

Abstract Background This study examines the relationship between various domains of sedentary behavior and subsequent cognitive function to evaluate whether different sedentary activities have specific associations with future cognitive performance. Methods Data were from 1,261 older adults participating in the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study between 1999/2000 and 2006/2007. Total sitting time (h/day), reading time (h/week), and TV time (≤27/≥28 h/week) were self-reported at baseline and 3 years later. At follow-up, cognitive function was evaluated using the Teng Mini-Mental State Exam (3MS) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Multivariable linear regression modeling examined the independent associations of baseline sedentary behaviors and 3-year change in those behaviors with cognitive function scores at follow-up, adjusting for important covariables. Results Baseline total sitting time was positively associated with 3MS (β=0.14±0.07; p<0.05) and DSST (β=0.20±0.10; p<0.05) scores at follow-up, as was reading time (β=0.09±0.03; p<0.05 for 3MS score and β= 0.14± 0.04; p<0.01 for DSST score). Participants who increased their TV watching time over 3 years had a significantly lower 3MS score (β=-1.45±0.71; p<0.05) at follow-up, compared with those who maintained a low level of TV time (referent). These findings were independent of age, sex, race, education level, health status, depressive symptoms, and physical activity. Conclusion Some types of sedentary behavior may have benefits for cognitive function in older age, thus highlighting the importance of measuring different domains of sitting time. Brain health, Cognition, Sitting Accepted manuscripts Accepted manuscripts are PDF versions of the author’s final manuscript, as accepted for publication by the journal but prior to copyediting or typesetting. They can be cited using the author(s), article title, journal title, year of online publication, and DOI. They will be replaced by the final typeset articles, which may therefore contain changes. The DOI will remain the same throughout. PDF This content is only available as a PDF. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights)

Chen, Jen-Hao

2023 "The Journals of Gerontology - Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"

doi: 10.1093/gerona/glad031pmid: 36702761

Abstract Background The racial and ethnic differences in trajectories of sleep disturbances in later life is crucial for addressing health disparities, but not well understood. This study examines (1) how trajectories of sleep disturbances vary by race and ethnicity and birth cohort and (2) whether social and health risk factors explain such variations. Methods The study uses longitudinal data from the 2002-2018 Health and Retirement Study (N=21,963) and the multilevel growth curve model to assess trajectories of sleep disturbances and their variations across six cohorts of White, Black, and Hispanic older adults. Sleep disturbances are measured using a modified Jenkins Sleep Scale. Results Without controls, sleep disturbances increased with aging for all racial and ethnic groups, but more rapidly among minorities, particularly younger cohorts of Hispanic older adults. When controlling for social and health risks, sleep disturbances did not change with aging for Whites and Blacks and increased for younger cohorts of Hispanics. Cohort effects were observed among White older adults, with higher sleep disturbances in younger cohorts. Importantly, the racial and ethnic disparities in age and cohort effects were not fully explained by social and health risks. Of the symptoms, the most salient racial and ethnic disparities were found in “waking up at night” and “not feeling rested.” Conclusions Findings reveal several differences by race and ethnicity and birth cohort in trajectories of sleep disturbances. Efforts should be made to improve sleep health for older adults as they age, especially for younger cohorts of Blacks and Hispanics. Aging effects, cohort effects, longitudinal analysis, racial and ethnic disparities, sleep trajectories Accepted manuscripts Accepted manuscripts are PDF versions of the author’s final manuscript, as accepted for publication by the journal but prior to copyediting or typesetting. They can be cited using the author(s), article title, journal title, year of online publication, and DOI. They will be replaced by the final typeset articles, which may therefore contain changes. The DOI will remain the same throughout. PDF This content is only available as a PDF. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights)