Environmental Technology Letters

Manoharan, R.; Liptak, S.; Parkinson, P.; Mavinic, D.; Randall, C. W.

doi: 10.1080/09593338909384789pmid: N/A

Abstract A single‐sludge, nitrification‐denitrification system was used to treat a high ammonia (170–230 mgL−1), low biodegradable carbon (B0D5 = 10–40 mgL−1) landfill leachate. Glucose and methanol were used as external carbon sources for denitrifi‐cation. Complete ammonia removal was consistently achieved; when glucose was used as the carbon source, inconsistent denitrification performance was experienced (fluctuated between 10–100%). However, with methanol, the denitrification performance was consistent and reliable, with complete denitrification achieved.

Rojo, Alfonso Rodríguez; Gàndara, Maria Jose Freirfa; Devesa, Antonio Alvarez; Ferreira, Rosa Antonia Lorenzo; Martínez, Francisco Bermejo

doi: 10.1080/09593338909384790pmid: N/A

Abstract This study, involved the analysis of water samples from the municipal water supply. Sampling took place for one whole week a month from February to June 1987. Duplicate samples were taken from three characteristic locations in the city, sufficiently distant from one another, at three different times of the day (morning, afternoon and night). A total of 315 samples were analyzed. The results obtained showed that chloroform was the most abundant and ever present of the compounds investigated.

Bhattacharya, Sanjoy K.; Safferman, Angela G.

doi: 10.1080/09593338909384791pmid: N/A

Abstract Very little research has focused on the determination of bioavailable nickel concentrations in anaerobic systems. Determination of bioavailable free nickel concentrations in anaerobic systems under toxic conditions is the focus of this paper. Nickel was added to acetate enrichment systems maintained at 12‐, 20‐, and 30‐day SRTs. Free nickel was measured using a combination of dialysis and ion exchange methods. It appeared that free nickel concentration is a reliable parameter to predict toxicity. A free nickel concentration of 1.0 mgl−1 could be tolerated but a concentration of 3.5 mgl−1 or higher caused process failure.

Baron, D.; Carre, J.; Iwema, A.; Chevrier, S.; Regnier, V.; Guiguen, C.

doi: 10.1080/09593338909384792pmid: N/A

Abstract Biological sludges stored for 4 months in a silo under oceanic climate, showed a limited maturation with a loss of dry solids and an increase of ammonia nitrogen availability. The die off rate of the fecal indicator organisms (except sulphate reducing clostridia) and Salmonella, was higher than the removal rate for enteroviruses and parasite eggs. A low viral contamination (20 UFP 1−1) remained whatever the season. If there was removal of ancylostoma eggs, storage had little effect on coccidium and amoeba cysts removal.

Jordão, C. P.; Nickless, G.

doi: 10.1080/09593338909384793pmid: N/A

Abstract A sequential extraction procedure was used to investigate the chemical associations of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in soils and sediments. It allowed the determination of these metals in various geochemical fractions of the samples. In the majority of cases, the four metals examined were associated with all the chemical fractions studied, although most of them were concentrated in potentially available fractions.

DeLaune, R. D.; Gambrell, R. P.; Knox, R. S.

doi: 10.1080/09593338909384794pmid: N/A

Abstract A contaminated, urban lake was surveyed for the areal and depth distribution of toxic metals and PCBs. Additionally, 137Cs dating of sediment cores were conducted to get an estimate of sedimentation rates, PCB loading rates, and the period of peak loading of metals. Lead and Zn concentrations were greatly elevated in the surface sediments. The depositional history of lead in the sediment profile reflected the lake's position adjacent to a interstate highway and .the phasing out of leaded gasoline in recent years.

Münzinger, A.

doi: 10.1080/09593338909384795pmid: N/A

Abstract A technique for monitoring the effects of pollutants on populations of Daphnia magna (Crustacea) is described and discussed. The animals are held under continuous flow conditions. A simple and rapid sampling method permits the quick determination of population size and animal size class distribution. Long‐term chronic toxicity tests can be run over several generations to show the toxic impact of a pollutant on population dynamics. As an example the influence of nickel over a period of 21 days is reported.

Kitto, Abdul‐Massih N.; Bader, Nessren; Ali, Asma A.; Yousif, Fatin S.

doi: 10.1080/09593338909384796pmid: N/A

Abstract Concentrations of lead in air were determined at five sites in Baghdad, Iraq over the period May‐August 1985. Lead levels depended upon local traffic volume and varied between 0.11 ‐ 13.5 μg m−3 (24h average), the highest concentrations occurring in the city centre.

Watts, Simon F.

doi: 10.1080/09593338909384797pmid: N/A

Abstract Novel analytical and trapping methods applicable to the study of atmospheric sulphur compounds are described. (1) A gas chromatoeraphic method for the separation of dimethyl sulphide (DMS), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), and dimethyl sulphone (DMSO2) are presented, alone with methods for concentrating these species from both the aerosol and gas phases. (2) A dual eluent ion chromatographic technique suitable for the separation and quantification of methane sulphonic acid (MSA) and other components of sea salt aerosol from each other is also reported.

Harrison, Roy M.

doi: 10.1080/09593338909384798pmid: N/A

The Environmental Record in Glaciers and Ice Sheets, H. Oeschger and C.C. Langway, Jr. (Eds); John Wiley & Sons, Chichester; 1989; 400pp ; £47.50 Principles of Hazardous Materials Management, R.D. Griffin, Lewis Publishers, distrib. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester; 1988 207 pp; £33.70.