Sustainable development of ZnO nanoparticles and nanocellulose-modified CPE for electrochemical sensing of tinidazoleAbd-Elsabour, Mohamed; Abou-Krisha, Mortaga M.; Alhamzani, Abdulrahman G.; Abdelrahman, Ehab A.
doi: 10.1007/s10856-026-07010-9pmid: 41758422
The detection of tinidazole (TIZ) in environmental and pharmaceutical samples remains constrained by conventional electrochemical sensors, which often rely on energy-intensive synthesis routes and toxic modifiers, undermining their sustainability. To bridge this gap, this study introduces a green synthesis approach for sensor fabrication, leveraging the concept of waste-to-value by converting banana peel into nanocellulose (PNC) and using it as a sustainable scaffold for zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The enhanced performance of the PNC-ZnO/CPE sensor originates from a synergistic interplay between the high surface area and conductivity of ZnO NPs and the dispersive and stabilizing properties of PNC, which collectively facilitate the electron transfer kinetics for TIZ reduction. The prepared samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The sensor demonstrated a linear response to TIZ concentrations ranging from 9.0 ×10−9 M to 25.0 ×10−6 M, with a detection limit of 2.1 nM under optimized conditions. Furthermore, selectivity was quantitatively demonstrated, with the sensor maintaining a stable signal (<5% deviation) in the presence of common interferents. The combination of performance metrics derived from agricultural waste not only validates the sensor’s efficacy but also provides a cost-effective and environmentally benign alternative, advancing the principles of green chemistry in electroanalysis. This work establishes a platform for the future development of sustainable, waste-derived nanocomposites for a broader range of electrochemical sensing applications.[graphic not available: see fulltext]
Hemocompatibility and cytotoxicity evaluation of additively manufactured and surface-treated 316 L stainless steel aortic stents using laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)Lulla, Philipp; Esper, Lukas; Noster, Ulf; Schratzenstaller, Thomas; Schmid, Christof; Lehle, Karla
doi: 10.1007/s10856-026-07073-8pmid: 42204012
New developments are needed in aortic replacement, with current hybrid solutions suffering from insufficient and rigid stent diameters, thus hindering minimization of false lumen in aortic dissection. Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is an attractive method to generate a new-generation aortic stent. This study investigates the effects of 316 L stainless steel samples manufactured using the L-PBF process on the activity of fibroblasts, red blood cells, leukocytes and platelets on the modified surfaces. Cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility were analyzed under static culture conditions using immunofluorescence as well as scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. Surfaces of additively manufactured samples were etched, electropolished, heat‑treated, and mechanically expanded to optimize the material’s mechanical performance. Alone heat treatment increased the ultimate tensile strength from 585 ± 5 MPa to 695 ± 6 MPa. The additive manufactured and post-processed stents were non-cytotoxic (viability, > 70%, independent of the manufacturing status), non-hemolytic (hemolysis rate, < 1%), and were covered with only a few neutrophils (median (IQR), 25 (12-48) per mm2) and platelets (cellular coverage, 0.5 - 10%). Material-induced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was low and not quantifiable. More than 80% of adherent platelets presented an activated conformation and increased expression of CD62P. In contrast, neither circulating leukocytes nor platelets in the supernatant showed any material-induced stimulation as detected via flow cytometry. The results described herein are encouraging and suggest that additive manufactured metallic stents are bio- and hemocompatible and an adequate candidate material for personalized stent production in a very short time.[graphic not available: see fulltext]
The dental implant surface: a review of the past, present and futureJadhav, Laxmi; Madiwal, Vaibhav; Rajwade, Jyutika M.
doi: 10.1007/s10856-025-06997-xpmid: 41519933
PurposeThe review provides an in-depth analysis of various factors that affect the long-term success of implants and scrutinizes all available techniques for dental implant modifications, along with their advantages and limitations. Along with established and proposed strategies, newer trends such as responsive coatings, ‘omics’ and AI-based possibilities for translating research into clinical settings are discussed.MethodsThe available scientific literature on dental implants, causes for their failures, and possible surface modification techniques was collected and analyzed. Strategies to prevent implant failures are presented as a comprehensive, structured review.ResultsA literature review of scientific research papers published over the last decade clearly indicates that surface modification of dental implants is critical for ensuring long-term success. Strategies aimed at surface changes consider the intrinsic antibacterial activity, surface texture, and geometry of the implant material. In both healthy and compromised patients, bio-functionalized surfaces can improve osseointegration and reduce peri-implantitis, boosting the success of dental implants.ConclusionsDental implants, while promising, face hurdles that hinder their long-term success. Modifying implants through physical, chemical, or mechanical methods could potentially address these challenges. These techniques would require clinical validation before being fully integrated into clinical practice. Moreover, crucial factors such as immune response and in vivo testing are often overlooked.[graphic not available: see fulltext]
Effect of thin porous ceramic coatings on implant stability: a comparative study of GB14 and β-TCP with and without CuGenchev, Mihail; Nagels, Coralie; Schmal, Hagen; Kubosch, Eva Johanna; Lanzino, Maria Carolina; Killinger, Andreas; Dembski, Sofia; Höppel, Anika; Neubauer, Jakob; Seidenstuecker, Michael
doi: 10.1007/s10856-026-07013-6pmid: 41703338
The present study investigates the effect of thin porous ceramic coatings on implant stability, focusing on two materials: a calcium alkali orthophosphate (GB14, Ca2KNa(PO4)2) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), with and without copper (Cu) incorporation. The coatings were applied to titanium implant surfaces (CP Ti, grade 2) and characterized for porosity and microstructure. The in vivo performance of the material is assessed in a New Zealand White rabbit model. Following defined healing periods, biomechanical push-out testing were performed. The results of β-TCP/Cu for cancellous bone show that Cu-doped coatings exhibit significantly improved bone integration compared to their Cu-free counterparts. The enhanced fixation is attributed to the bioactive and potential antibacterial properties of copper, which may stimulate osteogenesis and the presence of supraparticles in the Cu samples. Furthermore, the incorporation of β -TCP supraparticles into the ceramic matrix increases overall coating porosity, facilitating deeper bone ingrowth and improved mechanical interlocking. This structural change results in improved osseointegration compared to less porous coatings. This structural change results in improved osseointegration compared to less porous coatings. The results of this study demonstrate that combining copper incorporation with enhanced porosity through supraparticles can improve implant stability by shortening the time required for the transition from primary to secondary stability. This approach offers a promising strategy for optimizing surface design in orthopedic and dental implants.[graphic not available: see fulltext]
Nano-dicalcium silicate promotes angiogenesis via enhancing endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formationWang, Ruolan; Lin, Yuntao; Chen, Yuling; Yang, Hongyu
doi: 10.1007/s10856-026-07033-2pmid: 41925924
Bone defects, especially critical-sized ones, pose a significant challenge in clinical orthopedics due to their impaired self-regeneration ability. Our previous experiments have confirmed that dicalcium silicate nanoparticles(nC2S) exhibit excellent osteogenic activity, but whether they also possesses good angiogenic activity remains unelucidated. In this study, we established a co-culture model of nC2S and HUVECs to further explore its angiogenic effect. CCK-8 assay, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and Western Blotting (WB) analysis were utilized to systematically assess the effects of nC₂S on the proliferative capacity, migratory potential, and tube formation ability of HUVECs—three core functional hallmarks of angiogenesis. In vivo, nC₂S scaffolds were implanted into bone defect models to validate their ability in promoting neovascularization within bone defect sites. Furthermore, RNA sequencing was employed to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of nC₂S-induced angiogenesis. We found that nC2S can promote HUVECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation. RNA-seq result showed upregulation of MAPK, PI3K/Akt pathway. Thus, we speculate that nC2S may promote angiogenesis through cell proliferation. This study aims to investigate the role of dicalcium silicate in promoting angiogenesis during bone defect repair, and to provide an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the development of novel bone regeneration materials.Graphical Abstract[graphic not available: see fulltext]
Fabrication and characterization of biodegradable Zn-Ni spinel ferrite/ β-TCP composite ceramics exhibiting enhanced cell colonizationPankaew, Piyapong; Nawarat, Poomirat; Chokboribal, Jaroenporn
doi: 10.1007/s10856-026-07004-7pmid: 41611988
Via a solid-state reaction route, magnetic composites of chicken eggshell-derived β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP, referred to as TCP in the composite system) and zinc-nickel spinel ferrite (ZNF; ZnxNi1‒xFe2O4, x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8) were successfully fabricated. Discs were prepared by uniaxial pressing of milled ZNF/TCP powders and sintered at 1200 °C. Cytocompatibility of all composites was confirmed by SEM observations of human osteoblasts (h-OBs) and MTT assays. At 4-wt% ZNF addition, the composites containing Zn0.8Ni0.2Fe2O4 (Z8NF) exhibited the greatest extent of early cell spreading and were selected for further investigation. For Z8NF/TCP composites containing 4–12 wt% Z8NF, the 8–12 wt% samples demonstrated the highest levels of cell colonization, while MTT assays suggested non-cytotoxic behavior, with cell viabilities comparable to β-TCP. High-temperature sintering induced partial transformation of β-TCP to β-calcium pyrophosphate (β-CPP), as evidenced by XRD and Rietveld refinement. Increasing Z8NF content promoted β-CPP formation and increased composite porosity, whereas densification and Vickers hardness decreased accordingly. Rietveld refinement further indicated that the detectable crystalline Z8NF phase persisted as a minor yet stable secondary phase ( < 2 wt%) and did not participate in Ca–P lattice substitution. For the 8–12 wt% composites, saturation magnetization decreased with increasing Z8NF because of higher porosity and dilution by the non-magnetic β-TCP/β-CPP matrix, while coercivity increased owing to enhanced effective magnetic anisotropy in the more porous microstructure. Overall, the Z8NF/TCP composites combined biodegradability, bioactivity, and tunable soft-magnetic properties, suggesting their potential for bone repair and bone tissue engineering applications.Graphical Abstract[graphic not available: see fulltext]
Long-term disinfection of 3D-printed denture resin: physical and biological in vitro assessmentsFerro, Amanda C.; de Oliveira, Caroline C.; Morais, Bárbara L.; de Oliveira, Jonatas S.; Piazza, Rodolfo D.; Marques, Rodrigo F. C.; Mota, Carlos; Baker, Matthew B.; Jorge, Janaina H.
doi: 10.1007/s10856-026-07049-8pmid: 42032390
This study evaluated the effects of prolonged overnight immersion in disinfectant solutions on the physical and biological properties of 3D-printed and heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base materials. Four solutions were tested: distilled water (control), 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, and a disinfectant soap (Lifebuoy®). Daily cycles of 8 h in disinfectant solutions and 16 h in distilled water were performed for up to 6 months to represent overnight disinfection and daily use. The evaluated parameters included color change, water contact angle, Vickers hardness, surface roughness and topography, residual antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans biofilm, and cytotoxicity in L-929 cells. Color change remained within clinically acceptable thresholds for all groups, with Lifebuoy® showing values comparable to the control. Water contact angles decreased after immersion, while surface roughness was stable up to 3 months and decreased at 6 months, particularly in PMMA. Hardness increased in heat-polymerized specimens, whereas 3D-printed materials showed greater stability over time. 3D-printed resins exhibited higher C. albicans biofilm formation than PMMA. Chlorhexidine digluconate resulted in the greatest reduction in fungal growth and metabolic activity, followed by sodium hypochlorite and Lifebuoy®. Most groups showed no cytotoxic effects, except for moderate cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine at 3 months. In conclusion, 3D-printed resin showed superior physical performance, while PMMA demonstrated lower Candida colonization. Chlorhexidine was the most effective antibiofilm agent despite time-dependent cytotoxicity, while Lifebuoy® served as a non-cytotoxic alternative.[graphic not available: see fulltext]
Effect of niosome formation with chitosan coating on the stability and absorption of orally administered vesicular ursolic acidCahyani, Devy Maulidya; Piyambudi, Paskalis Yosna; Sari, Retno; Darmawati, Asri; Hariawan, Berlian Sarasitha; Anjani, Qonita Kurnia; Sahu, Ram Kumar; Hendradi, Esti; Miatmoko, Andang
doi: 10.1007/s10856-026-07021-6pmid: 41761013
Niosomes are known to improve the bioavailability of drugs. However, niosomes have drawbacks related to stability and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Chitosan coating on niosomes can increase their stability in gastrointestinal fluid and absorption after oral administration. This study aimed to evaluate the biopharmaceutical stability and oral absorption of chitosan-coated Ursolic acid niosomes in vivo. Niosomes Ursolic Acid (Nio-UA) were prepared using a thin-layer hydration method, and chitosan was added to produce Niosomes Ursolic Acid with chitosan coating (Nio-UA-CS). The stability of niosomes was evaluated by exposing them to simulated gastrointestinal fluid. The oral absorption and biodistribution were determined in vivo. The results showed that niosome formation increased UA solubility from 1.02 × 10–4 mg/mL to 23.49 × 10–3 mg/mL for Nio-UA and 22.34 × 10–3 mg/mL for Nio-UA-CS and decreased the LogP value of UA from 5.18 ± 0.05 to 1.70 ± 0.22 for Nio-UA and 1.74 ± 0.30 for Nio-UA-CS. Adding chitosan layers increased the stability of the niosome, resulting in the lowest %cumulative calcein release of 7.05 ± 1.77% in Nio-UA-CS after exposure to simulated gastric fluid and 31.53 ± 8.80% after exposure to simulated intestinal fluid. Chitosan-coated niosomes exhibited higher absorption in the duodenum. Moreover, photomicrographs revealed that UA niosomes with a chitosan layer were highly accumulated in the liver 4 h after oral administration. A biodistribution study revealed that chitosan coating increased the plasma concentration of UA and selective hepatic accumulation. Thus, the chitosan layer successfully improved the oral absorption of UA niosomes, providing potential uses of nanoparticles for improving drugs’ bioavailability.Graphical Abstract[graphic not available: see fulltext]