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Chinnasamy, Pennan; Maske, Ambadas B.; Honap, Vaishnavi; Chaudhary, Sunita; Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy
doi: 10.1111/1477-8947.12217pmid: N/A
Increased water demand and frequency of droughts, due to climate change in India, has led to water scarcity in the domestic and agricultural sectors. In such scenarios, small scale and decentralised water infrastructures, for example, check dams, have reduced water demand extremes and climate change impacts on water resources, especially for marginalised and low income farmers in semi‐arid regions. This study aims to quantify the impact of a network of check dams on increasing soil moisture (SM) and crop productivity (CP) in a semi‐arid Indian region. As a case study, 52 check dams were mapped, from 1990 to 2017, across the Dahod district of Gujarat state, and increases in SM and CP were quantified using remote sensing data‐based indicators, including Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI). Results indicate an overall increase in NDVI from −0.2 to 0.1, and NDWI from 0.03 to 0.3, indicating an increase in vegetation cover and water content, respectively. In addition, spatiotemporal analysis indicates that the locations near the check dam had rapid increase in both indicators, and less dependence on rainfall variability. The study showed that remote sensing based indicators have been useful in documenting the impact of water recharge structures, especially in ungauged basins. However, it is important to use remote sensing data along with observation data for better accuracy of assessments. Results also indicate that the check dams could have been important in increasing water resource availability, as impact of other water resources is yet unknown in the region. Increased water resources, through improved sustainable development of water infrastructure, have increased the vegetation and decreased the vulnerability to climate change extremes, and thereby increased the socio‐economic status of marginalised farmers in Dahod.
doi: 10.1111/1477-8947.12218pmid: N/A
Remittances to the Philippines constitute a prominent part of its economy. However, remittances' effects on its environment have not been researched. In this regard, this research examines the direct and indirect impacts of remittance inflows on the Philippines' environmental sustainability for the 1977–2016 period by proposing a multivariate model, and by utilising the augmented ARDL and VECM methods to estimate this model. Our findings indicate that remittance inflows threaten environmental sustainability in the long‐run both directly and indirectly through boosting income and energy (oil) consumption. The results additionally imply that income and energy consumption also increase the ecological footprint of the Philippines in the long‐run. However, economic globalisation's long‐run impact is insignificant, yet its short‐run impact is significantly negative on the country's level of environmental degradation. Additionally, the findings reveal that the feedback hypothesis is valid between income and energy consumption in the long‐run, but the neutrality hypothesis is valid in the short‐run. This research's findings reveal that remittance inflows' impact on the environment is significant, and can occur through direct and various indirect channels, therefore, these inflows should be an integral part of sustainability policies in the Philippines, as ignoring them could cause further environmental decline.
doi: 10.1111/1477-8947.12220pmid: N/A
This study is not only important for policy creators but also useful for governments of both developed and developing countries in which to improve their carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and also to maintain growth in renewable electricity production. This study is concerned with the impact that renewable energy consumption, economic factors, globalisation and natural resources have on CO2 emissions in 31 developed and 155 developing countries over the period 1991 to 2018, and utilises time pair dynamic fixed effect and time pair dynamic generalised method of moments (GMM) and system generalised method of moments (system GMM) estimators. The results indicate that renewable energy and social globalisation play a very important role in a CO2 emission reduction of both developed and developing countries. Moreover, in developed countries fuel exports, economic growth, and economic globalisation increase CO2 emissions. Although in developing countries, fuel exports and economic globalisation reduce CO2 emissions, and economic growth and political globalisation increase CO2 emissions. Therefore, policy implications are suggested for both the developed and developing countries' not only for environmental reasons, but also for sustaining growth in fuel exports and for increasing renewable electricity.
Islam, Aminul; Ahmed, Mohammad Tofayal; Mondal, Md Alam Hossain; Awual, Md. Rabiul; Monir, Minhaj Uddin; Islam, Kamrul
doi: 10.1111/1477-8947.12221pmid: N/A
Despite the numerous exemplary efforts taking place to develop sustainable systems of power generation globally, coal will remain an essential and significant part of Bangladeshʼs energy generation. The Government of Bangladesh needs to provide a more reliable and transparent power market for citizens to meet Bangladeshʼs rising energy demand. Consequently, various coal‐based mega projects were undertaken by the Bangladesh government to ensure an affordable and reliable power supply. Half of the targeted electricity was designated to be produced from imported coal. Hence, the development strategy or the reformation of policy in the energy sector may contribute to the current shortcomings in policy approach including inadequate energy infrastructure, regulation and co‐ordination issues. This review focuses on the increasing demand for coal, supply issues, socio‐environmental requirements and significant coal import to encourage realistic advancement of the energy sector in Bangladesh. Moreover, forecasting the requirement of coal for mega power projects from 2021 to 2041 was highlighted. The water resource supply for coal‐based power plants and approaches for reducing CO2 and other emissions were also addressed. Finally, initiatives for fulfilling Sustainable Development Goals in the Bangladesh energy sector were also discussed in this review.
Baruah, Bipasha; Biskupski‐Mujanovic, Sandra
doi: 10.1111/1477-8947.12216pmid: N/A
Women make up almost half the Canadian labour force and more than 50% of post‐secondary students. However, in natural resources (NR) industries (energy, mining, forestry), they represent less than 20% of the workforce, face persistent wage gaps, hold traditionally gendered roles (in sales, administrative and support services) instead of technical or managerial positions, and are persistently absent from leadership roles. Retention of women is also a big challenge in these industries: many tend to leave their jobs within the first five years of employment, and/or after one or more maternity leaves. Women are very poorly represented in leadership positions (as senior executives and board members) despite significant evidence that gender diversity in leadership is good for business. Findings from our study of the status of women in NR employment in Canada produced concrete policy recommendations for recruiting, retaining, and promoting women in energy, mining, and forestry. Although these are intended specifically for Canadian organisations, they may also be relevant for other countries where women are underrepresented in NR industries.
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