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doi: 10.1111/j.1477-8947.1978.tb00219.xpmid: N/A
This paper focuses on the roles of governments of developing countries in the oil exploration area; roles ranging from passive tax collectors to production sharers to full State ownership and control. The historical failure of governments to take full control of this key area is seen as partially due to myths: that only the big international oil companies have the necessary technology and capital and can afford the risk of oil exploration and development. Three case studies showing the large benefits to a developing country from full State control are examined: Mexico, India and Vietnam. It is concluded that only full State control can ensure that the riches of oil can be harnessed for a developing country, and governments are urged to develop greater knowledge both about the international oil industry and their country's potential resources.
doi: 10.1111/j.1477-8947.1978.tb00220.xpmid: N/A
Present supply‐demand trends suggest continued easing of international oil markets through 1982 and beyond. As a result, oil prices are not likely to rise as rapidly as would inflation rates, offering additional time for the consuming world to adjust to the higher prices already in effect. This should help to alleviate inflationary and balance of payments pressures.
doi: 10.1111/j.1477-8947.1978.tb00221.xpmid: N/A
This paper presents a general overview of the problems relating to the harnessing of ocean thermal energy. Emphasis is laid on resources, technology, and environmental impact. It is stressed that the production of power from ocean thermal energy is technologically feasible, economically competitive with other alternative energy systems and not unduly harmful to the environment. Discussion centers on an assessment of the exploitable energy contained in ocean thermal gradients as well as the fundamentals of the technology needed to utilize this potential energy source. The theory of operation, materials and construction considerations and biofouling are examined for the closed‐ and open‐cycle ocean thermal plant designs. A historical review of attempts to harness this source of energy is presented with emphasis on current reasearch. The potential this energy source has for effects on and damage to the ocean environment is examined.
ROGERS, P.; BURDEN, R.; LOTTI, C.
doi: 10.1111/j.1477-8947.1978.tb00222.xpmid: N/A
This paper gives an overview of systems analysis and modeling applied to water resource management. With increased concern for economic efficiency in water resource usage, the need to exploit the complementary nature of various modes of usages has become more important. Systems analysis is particularly helpful in this regard because assessment of the relative allocation of costs and benefits of two more potential uses requires a systems framework. The process of systems analysis for comprehensive water planning is discussed outlining recognition of the problems, definition of a model, questions of data collection and finally implementation of a practical program of action. The methodology and advantages of water resources systems analysis are discussed relative to three main areas of concern ‐ hydrologic uncertainty, objectives of governments and sponsoring agencies, and overlapping institutional and political boundaries.
CAPONERA, DANTE A.; ALHéRITIèRE, DOMINIQUE
doi: 10.1111/j.1477-8947.1978.tb00223.xpmid: N/A
This is the second part of a paper outlining some principles applicable to the development of international law in the sub‐sector of ground‐water resources. In the first part of the paper, in the previous issue of the Forum, national ground‐water laws were investigated to examine their suitability for adaptation at the international level. This part of the paper is devoted to reviewing the interjurisdictional experience among federated states and among independent states. It also draws the general conclusion of the entire paper.
doi: 10.1111/j.1477-8947.1978.tb00224.xpmid: N/A
The international community has a stake in reducing certain avoidable risks of mineral development in developing countries and in promoting more advantageous relations between these countries and transnational mining companies. In the following article, the author examines various programmes of the United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations which contribute to the achievement of these objectives.
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