JAMA

doi: 10.1001/jama.1953.02940140065024apmid: N/A

doi: 10.1001/jama.1953.02940140066024bpmid: N/A

doi: 10.1001/jama.1953.02940140067024cpmid: N/A

doi: 10.1001/jama.1953.02940140067024dpmid: N/A

Garfinkel, Bernard T.; Martin, Gerald M.; Watt, James; Payne, Fred J.; Mason, Richard P.; Hardy, Albert V.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1953.02940140001001pmid: 13034449

Bacillary dysentery historically is a disease of major importance to confined population groups. Epidemics occur repeatedly aboard ship, in institutions for the mentally defective and mentally ill, and in orphanages, jails, and prison camps. Experience with dysentery in the United Nations prisoner-of-war camp in Korea followed this historical pattern, despite the preventive measures instituted by the authorities. An important contributing factor to this lack of effectiveness was the high endemic level of infection at the time of capture. Bacteriological examination of 1,000 prisoners at the time they were brought to the camp showed 8% to be infected with pathogenic Shigella. During the past decade sulfonamide therapy has been established as highly effective in shigellosis.1 The treatment of the sick persons in Korea was complicated by the fact that almost all the cases of bacillary dysentery were due to sulfonamide-resistant shigellae. This finding, based first on clinical observations, was supported later

McDowell, Fletcher; Wolff, Harold G.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1953.02940140004002pmid: 13034450

Tracheotomy in bulbar poliomyelitis and spinal poliomyelitis with respiratory failure has only one purpose, and that is to keep the airway open and accessible. With an assured airway, secretions can easily be removed at all times, prevention of atelectasis and consolidation becomes a more likely possibility, and oxygen delivery to and carbon dioxide removal from the alveoli are more certain to occur. The usual indications for tracheotomy in poliomyelitis have been the accumulation of secretions in the tracheobronchial tree, abrupt closure of the airway from laryngospasm, and hypoxia and hypercapnia, with cyanosis, delirium, restlessness, and coma.1 Through blocking of the airway, hypoxia and hypercapnia may be sudden in onset, dramatic in character, and easily detected by observation. More often the filling of the airway with secretions and symptoms of hypoxia and hypercapnia have a gradual and insidious development, which may often be mistakenly attributed to progression of the infectious

Fink, Theodore R.; d'Angio, Carl J.; Biloon, Sol

doi: 10.1001/jama.1953.02940140007003pmid: 13034451

The occurrence of the shock syndrome following acute myocardial infarction carries with it a high mortality rate.1 Stead and Ebert2 attributed the hypotension to cardiac failure, whereas Schwartz3 and Levine4 each treated a case successfully with antishock measures. Brofman and Hellerstein have recently reported with Caskey5 the successful use of a new vasoconstrictor, phenyl tertiary butylamine sulfate, in such cases. Yet on reviewing physiological factors they state that venous return to the heart in this syndrome is more than adequate and such shock cannot be attributed to the mechanisms that are thought to be important in traumatic shock.6 It is the purpose of this paper to report a study of 15 cases of the syndrome seen in 1949 and 1950, treated on the basis of clinical findings. It was expected that the response to such empirical therapy would serve to clarify the nature of

Hahn, George A.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1953.02940140010004pmid: 13034452

Success in the treatment of pelvic cancer depends primarily on early diagnosis, since the results in the management of cases discovered in the early stages are much superior to the outcome in those discovered late. Early diagnosis is based on periodic health examinations, prompt seeking of advice by the patient when suggestive symptoms arise, and early recognition of the disease by the physician. The responsibility of the physician, of course, is to take a careful history and perform a thorough pelvic and rectal examination with an awareness of the possibility of cancer. The Committee for the Study of Pelvic Cancer was organized in 1945 by the Obstetrical Society of Philadelphia with the sanction of the Philadelphia County Medical Society and the financial support of the Philadelphia Division of the American Cancer Society. The committee was formed to study the delay period in the diagnosis of female pelvic cancer. The committee

Salk, Jonas E.; Contakos, Mary; Laurent, Angela M.; Sorensen, Maria; Rapalski, Adam J.; Simmons, I. H.; Sandberg, H.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1953.02940140013005pmid: 13034453

Studies dealing with the application to man of influenza virus vaccines emulsified in a mineral oil of low viscosity have been in progress for several years. The data derived in the course of these investigations have significance not only for the problem of influenza immunization but for others of a similar nature. A summary of new data is reported here because the experience with influenza virus vaccines emulsified in light mineral oil was an important factor in facilitating the extension in human subjects of studies with experimental poliomyelitis vaccines; a report of the latter appeared in The Journal March 28 (page 1081). There are discussions in the earlier papers of this series1 and in another recent report2 of the problem involved in the development of a vaccine for influenza that would be effective against the immunologically different types as well as the different strains within each type. In

Silbert, Samuel; Lippmann, Heinz I.; Gordon, Elias

doi: 10.1001/jama.1953.02940140020006pmid: 13034454

Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis is a clinically benign form of calcification of the blood vessels. Needless anxiety results from failure to differentiate this condition from intimal arteriosclerosis. Intimal arteriosclerosis often goes on to progressive occlusion of the blood vessels and carries an unfavorable prognosis. In Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis, thrombosis of the blood vessels in the extremities does not occur, and in patients who have been observed for many years there has been no tendency to develop impaired circulation. The favorable prognosis in Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis has been pointed out by Moschcowitz.1 The clinical characteristics that distinguish Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis from other forms are extreme calcification of the arteries of the lower extremities in young and middle-aged persons who have no symptoms or signs of impaired circulation. Calcification of the blood vessels is usually discovered by accident when a roentgenogram is made for arthritis, fracture, or some other bone or joint condition. There are no