JAMA

CORDES, FREDERICK C

doi: 10.1001/jama.1946.02870340001001pmid: 20994362

The war has brought about many alterations in our outlook and our way of living. During the conflict many changes were made to assist the war effort, and while these were considered temporary measures there can be no doubt of the fact that there will be no returning to the American way of life as we knew it before the war. We have seen that with the cessation of hostilities we must face the problem of readjustment and rehabilitation. To American ophthalmology this means, among other things, that we must assume the responsibility of developing greater training facilities for the returning veteran. Based on observations made as a consultant to the Surgeon General of the Army, it has been apparent to me that in the past a certain amount of our postgraduate teaching has left much to be desired. We know now that plans for the future must provide better

HOWORTH, BECKETT

doi: 10.1001/jama.1946.02870340004002pmid: 20994363

Posture has long been thought of in terms of standing and sitting, and correct posture as the erect position assumed when one is under inspection, but posture should really be considered as the sum total of the positions and movements of the body throughout the day and throughout life. It should include not only the fundamental static positions in lying, sitting and standing and the variations of these positions but also the dynamic postures of the body in motion or in action, for it is here that posture becomes most important and most effective. Posture has a direct relation to the comfort, mechanical efficiency and physiologic functioning of the individual. DEVELOPMENT OF POSTURE The Baby's Posture.— The posture of the newborn baby is quite different from that of the adult or even that of the older child. The whole spine and trunk as well as the hips, knees and ankles

FALLON, JOHN

doi: 10.1001/jama.1946.02870340011003pmid: 20994364

Four per cent of the last 225 patients with "external" endometriosis who were seen at this clinic were less than 20 years old. Four per cent is a small figure, but there are grounds for suspecting that it is less than the true one. And it is a significant, even a large percentage when weighed against the common belief that youth does not have endometriosis. Usually reports, including those of large series, either do not record the occurrence of the disease in youth or do record its absence. Thus, only 1 patient was less than 29 years old in Meigs's series1 of 400 cases; the youngest patient in the Mayo Clinic series2 of 884 cases was aged 21 and Dr. Sampson himself tells me that he remembers no patient younger. Ordinarily we are advised to expect endometriosis after the age of 23, 25 or 28 or "in the

BARONE, M.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1946.02870340012004pmid: 20994365

Before treatment of the varicose veins of the lower extremity is begun, it is of the utmost importance to determine the patency of the deep venous system. This determination is accomplished by the Perthes test. While in most cases this test will suffice, the determination of absolute and complete patency of the deep veins in the lower extremities with the Perthes test in certain cases is not only inadequate but also erroneously negative in the presence of a segmental thrombus or segmental occlusion in the deep veins. George Clemens Perthes in 1895 illustrated the test for deep vein occlusion. He based his test on the physiologic actions of the skeletal muscles in the leg, which influence the venous circulation toward the heart. During contraction of the muscles in the leg in walking there is a compression to the deep veins, resulting in a constriction and forcing the blood to pass

WHITMAN, LORING; WALL, MARGARET J.; WARREN, JOEL

doi: 10.1001/jama.1946.02870340014005pmid: 20994366

The etiologic relationship between the virus of herpes simplex and encephalitis has for many years been a controversial subject.1 At the time of the intense search for the causal agent of encephalitis lethargica during the worldwide epidemic of that disease, on several occasions the virus of herpes was isolated, either from the spinal fluid during life or from the brain after death. This led certain workers to believe that this virus was the cause of von Economo's disease. Others, however, were not satisfied with this theory and criticized the evidence on which it was based. In the first place the virus of herpes had been isolated from the spinal fluid of normal persons. Secondly, surprisingly few isolations of herpes were made despite the large number of cases investigated. Because of the known ubiquity of herpes simplex in man, it is likely that such isolated viruses were contaminants rather than

doi: 10.1001/jama.1946.02870340017006pmid: N/A

FOREWORD Since the elimination or curbing of the great epidemic diseases of childhood, such as smallpox, diphtheria and summer complaint, no disease has created greater apprehension among people than infantile paralysis—not because of its mortality or even its incidence rate in epidemics but because it may produce such tangible and lasting crippling in the victim it does claim. This fear has led to much discussion, much publicity in the press and the advocacy of nostrums and treatments which are heralded as "cures." The burden of the care and rehabilitation of crippled children has long been the main work of medically and surgically trained specialists who derive their very name of orthopedist from the fact that they are dedicated to the straight child (orthos pais). It has accordingly seemed wise to the American Orthopaedic Association in the midst of all this clamor to set forth in a brief primer the basic

doi: 10.1001/jama.1946.02870340025007pmid: N/A

RENAL DAMAGE DUE TO ISCHEMIC MUSCLE NECROSIS MAJOR WILLIAM C. MOLONEY, MAJOR SIDNEY L. STOVALL and MAJOR DAVID H. SPRONG Jr. Medical Corps, Army of the United States During the present conflict, through the efforts of Bywaters1 and other British investigators, the clinical entity variously termed the "crush syndrome" or the "ischemic muscle necrosis syndrome" has been rediscovered and investigated. The graphic picture of massive crushing injury followed by anuria and death has been well established; moreover, the concept of serious renal insult due to the release of products from damaged muscle tissue has been extended from the rather restricted group of direct compression injuries to include those important cases due to vascular occlusion. Bywaters1 states succinctly that "the essential lesion of crushing injury is muscle necrosis: this may be due to ischemia of direct compression or it may be due to ischemia from interference with the main

doi: 10.1001/jama.1946.02870340027008pmid: N/A

doi: 10.1001/jama.1946.02870340029009pmid: N/A

doi: 10.1001/jama.1946.02870340030011pmid: N/A

Clinical records contain numerous conflicting reports as to the effects of x-rays in the treatment of specific infectious diseases. Glenn1 of the department of radiology, Duke University, studied the effects of various types of x-ray exposure on the phagocytic indexes of rabbits. With a modification of the Ward-Enders2 technic he found that the phagocytic indexes of 40 untreated or preirradiated rabbits averaged 9.6, Staphylococcus aureus being used as the test organism. Rabbits were then exposed to x-rays in groups of 4. All animals received the same dose of x-rays (100 roentgens measured in air) over the inner surface of the left hind leg through a 6 by 6 cm. port. At various intervals after irradiation the phagocytic indexes were determined from blood specimens obtained from the marginal ear veins. In a typical experiment groups of rabbits were given a 100 roentgen dose (air) delivered at 140 kilovolts. Twenty-four