JAMA

KRETSCHMER, HERMAN L.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1944.02850250001001pmid: N/A

We meet this year in the midst of an extensive global war. It is not a novel experience for, the American Medical Association, which was organized in 1847 in the midst of our war with Mexico. Since then the American Medical Association has lived through and its members have taken part in the Civil War, the war with Spain, the Boxer Rebellion, the Mexican Border activities, World War I and the present world war. The Association has been vitally interested in the prosecution of the war effort and is lending all its efforts to aid in a speedy and a successful winning of the war. At present some 55,000 physicians are in the armed forces. They entered on a voluntary basis. Many were just reaching the pinnacle of success, many had served shortened periods of internships and residencies, and others ceased their research to serve their country. Who could say

WYLIE, PAUL E.; DeBLASE, JOSEPH A.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1944.02850250003002pmid: N/A

Bronchopulmonary moniliasis has been described as an infection of the lungs caused by Monilia albicans and is characterized by a chronic, usually progressive, course possessing a characteristic clinical picture. Microfungi have been universal in distribution, and they are found as parasites or saphrophytes on all forms of growth or decomposition. The varieties of fungi described are numerous, but the majority have been proved to be nonpathogenic. Monilia albicans, a yeastlike fungus, belongs to the imperfecta group of fungi, which appears to be highly pathogenic to man. Monilial infections of most of the organs of the body have been described, and the fungi have been recovered from body secretions and discharges.1 For some time mycotic diseases of the lung were considered to be quite rare, but recently they have been found to be more prevalent than was generally suspected. Reeves2 reported 79 cases of bronchomycosis, of which 40 were

GHORMLEY, RALPH K.; COMPERE, EDWARD L.; DICKSON, JAMES A.; FUNSTEN, ROBERT V.; KEY, J. ALBERT; McCARROLL, H. R.; SCHUMM, HERMAN C.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1944.02850250006003pmid: N/A

The formation of the Committee for Investigation of the Kenny Treatment of Poliomyelitis followed a resolution passed by the Section on Orthopedic Surgery of the American Medical Association on June 11, 1942, as follows:1 On motion by Dr. Rexford L. Diveley, Kansas City, Mo., it was voted that a committee be formed to study and evaluate the Kenny treatment of infantile paralysis, this committee to be composed of six members, two to be appointed by the chairman of the Orthopedic Section of the American Medical Association, two members to be appointed by the president of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons and two members to be appointed by the president of the American Orthopedic Association, (1) this committee to study and evaluate the Kenny treatment of infantile paralysis, the report to be published either in The Journal of the American Association or the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

BURGESS, ALEXANDER M.; SAKLAD, MEYER

doi: 10.1001/jama.1944.02850250009004pmid: N/A

The deleterious effects of hypoxia are too well known to physiologists, clinicians and flight surgeons to require emphasis, and the efficacy of the inhalation of air rich in oxygen to overcome hypoxia and prevent or correct its harmful action is equally well known. The use of oxygen therapy in the treatment of conditions in which hypoxia may be an important factor has become routine in clinical practice. A great deal has been written on the subject, and a number of efficient methods for the administration of gases have been developed and generally adopted. Two facts, however, in connection with the use of these methods are so important that they deserve to be emphasized repeatedly. They are that: (1) the application of an adequate method to the patient in need of oxygen is no proof that he is receiving oxygen sufficient for his needs and (2) the correct application of an

ADAMS, J. M.; THIGPEN, M. P.; RICKARD, E. R.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1944.02850250013005pmid: N/A

Acute upper respiratory infections, together with their complications and sequelae, vary amazingly in symptomatology, localization and severity from the common cold at one end of the series through an endless maze of possibilities to a fatal septicemia at the other end. There is no sharp line of cleavage as to classification, pathology or determinable etiology, according to Brennemann.1 Recent progress, however, in the field of research on upper respiratory diseases has revealed two filtrable viruses, influenza A and B,2 both of which may be isolated and identified. Either of these viruses may be the etiologic agent responsible for a portion of these illnesses. Moreover, reliable serologic tests have been perfected for the diagnosis of infection by these viruses.3 It has been possible to diagnose a recent epidemic of influenza among infants and children in the University of Minnesota Hospitals by isolating influenza A virus directly from unfiltered

CHANDLER, FREMONT A.; ALTENBERG, ALFONS

doi: 10.1001/jama.1944.02850250016006pmid: N/A

Although "congenital" muscular torticollis is encountered frequently by pediatricians and orthopedic surgeons, there is no uniformity of thought as to its etiology or therapy. There is much confusion as to diagnosis. The numerous factors which may contribute to the development of a torticollis (wry neck) deformity are found in the accompanying classification. Congenital muscular torticollis is a distinct entity, the primary pathologic picture being limited to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Associated deformities of the face, head, ear and cervical spine are secondary in character, resulting from an abnormal position of the head both prior and subsequent to birth. Muscular torticollis may be present at birth or may manifest itself first on about the tenth to the fourteenth day, at which time the appearance of a hard, immobile, fusiform swelling (fig. 1) is noticed in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The delivery is usually difficult or abnormal, most often breech. The swelling or "tumor,"

MOSENTHAL, HERMAN O.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1944.02850250023007pmid: N/A

"Globin insulin" was announced by Reiner, Searle and Lang1 in 1939. It is now available in the open market as globin insulin with zinc in U 80 concentration. Globin insulin with zinc is a clear aqueous solution, having a pH of about 3.7 and composed of 3.04 mg. of globin (a simple protein derived from hemoglobin), 0.24 mg. of zinc (present as zinc chloride) and 80 units of insulin per cubic centimeter; 0.18 per cent of cresol is added as preservative. Observations on the action and clinical use of globin insulin with zinc have been published by Bauman,2 Marks,3 Andrews and Groat,4 Duncan and Barnes,5 Bailey and Marble,6 Levitt and Schaus7 and Lawrence.8 A consideration of these reports and the experience of treating more than 50, nearly all ambulant, cases of diabetes with globin insulin with zinc9 furnish the material for

SWARTOUT, H. O.; FRANK, W. P.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1944.02850250028008pmid: N/A

In 1943, 721 patients with poliomyelitis were admitted to the Contagious Disease Unit of the Los Angeles County General Hospital. Of these, 9.29 per cent (67 persons) came from families with multiple cases. There were 22 families with 2 cases each, 5 families with 3 cases and 2 families with 4 cases. There were 38 secondary cases. Thirty-one (81.6 per cent) occurred within eight days or less of the initial case, and it is unlikely that any considerable number of the secondary cases were infected through exposure to the primary cases. Six (15.8 per cent) occurred between nine and fourteen days after the initial case and may or may not have been infected through exposure to the primary cases. One case (2.6 per cent) occurred after five weeks, which is a much longer period than is usually given as the upper limit for incubation. In the previous five year period

Price, Frank L.; Mayer, Robert A.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1944.72850250001009pmid: N/A

Kala-azar is an infectious disease characterized by irregular, intermittent and long-continued fever, leukopenia, progressive anemia, enlargement of the spleen and liver, gradual loss of strength and emaciation. It is caused by the protozoon Leishmania donovani, and these organisms are found in the reticuloendothelial cells of the spleen, liver, bone marrow and other tissues. In heavily infected patients they may be found in the mononuclear leukocytes of the peripheral blood. Leishmania donovani grows on N. N. N. culture medium kept at 22 C., and in culture flagellate forms are present. These forms have been found in the midgut and pharynx of certain species of the sandfly Phlebotomus, which is apparently the insect vector involved. Kala-azar is widespread in the Eastern Hemisphere. The most heavily infected areas are in eastern India, in the provinces of Assam, Madras, Bengal and Bihar, and in China north of the Yangtse River. It is also found

Lambertsen, Christian J.; Godfrey, Lincoln

doi: 10.1001/jama.1944.72850250003009apmid: N/A

It is our purpose in this report to describe a modification of the oxygen tent principle which will obviate many of the disadvantages of the large oxygen tent, namely low maximum oxygen concentrations, inaccessibility of the patient, difficulty of application, and psychic phenomena such as claustrophobia and feeling of suffocation. Much remains to be done before the physiologic aspects of oxygen therapy are completely established. Meanwhile, progress in therapy with oxygen is hindered by the too complete reliance by the clinician on equipment whose chief merit is long usage. It appears that a small hood or helmet enclosing the head alone might overcome several of the disadvantages inherent in the large oxygen tent. The principle of such a hood is not new. Similar means have been used previously for oxygen administration.1 However, a review of the available literature revealed nothing to compare closely with the equipment to be described.