JAMA

GOLDEN, ROSS

doi: 10.1001/jama.1937.02780450001001pmid: N/A

During the past decade an increasing volume of information concerning inflammatory conditions in the stomach has been provided by histologic studies of freshly resected material and by increasing use of the Wolf-Schindler flexible gastroscope. Henning1 stated that gastritis is the commonest disease of the stomach. Because it is the daily task of the radiologist to search for causes of digestive disturbances, it seems desirable to examine, from his standpoint, the evidence concerning this disease and to correlate the pathologic changes with those demonstrable by roentgen methods. A review of the histology of gastritis as presented by experienced workers in the field (Faber,2 Konjetzny,3 Henning1 and others) and of other phases, such as etiology, classification and treatment, cannot be attempted here. Only the aspects will be discussed which bear directly on the problem of x-ray examination of the stomach. Gastritis is an inflammation of the gastric wall

HARKINS, HENRY N.; PHEMISTER, DALLAS B.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1937.02780450005002pmid: N/A

Autogenous bone grafts have come to be generally employed in the treatment of ununited fractures, with the exception of those of the neck of the femur and carpal navicular, where other methods are not infrequently used. In case of an ununited fracture of the shaft the grafted material may be made to serve as internal fixation apparatus, supplementary bone, osteogenic substance and stimulant to osteogenesis in those parts of the bone fragments which come in contact with it. Analysis of cases reveals that there is considerable variation in the necessity for any one of these functions according to the case at hand. Thus if the fragments are little atrophied and no bone has been lost there will be less necessity for supplementary bone than if atrophy is marked and if portions of cortex have been lost. Also if the cause of the nonunion is wide separation of fragments there will

SCHALL, LeROY A.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1937.02780450010003pmid: N/A

In the discussion of Dr. Frederick T. Hill's paper on "The Management of Malignant Disease in a Small Hospital," read before the Eastern Section of the American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society last January, Dr. Perry G. Goldsmith reported a case of malignant nasal sinus disease in which exophthalmos developed after irradiation. In this discussion, Dr. Goldsmith emphasized our lack of knowledge concerning the pathology, the course and the prognosis of exophthalmos occurring as a result of irradiation. The literature is indeed scanty. Although New1 in 1926 reported the loss of eleven eyes in ninety-seven cases of malignant disease of the nasal sinuses, he did not specifically say that they were lost as the result of destructive changes secondary to irradiation. Ohngren2 discussed injuries to the eye following his combined electrosurgical operation, both with and without irradiation, and he attempted to classify these injuries into two groups: first,

KESTEN, H. D.; MULINOS, M. G.; POMERANTZ, LEO

doi: 10.1001/jama.1937.02780450013004pmid: N/A

A report1 of several fatalities following the use of an "elixir" of sulfanilamide made with diethylene glycol prompts this preliminary abstract of a portion of the work in progress on the pharmacology and pathology of the glycols and related chemicals. Only two studies of the toxicity of diethylene glycol appear in the literature. Von Oettingen and Jirouch2 found, using four mice, that the minimum lethal dose was approximately 5 cc. per kilogram of body weight when given subcutaneously. Haag and Ambrose3 reported that the ingestion of the glycol in concentrations of 3 per cent and 10 per cent in drinking water was rapidly fatal to rats and that the minimum fatal dose for rabbits is 2 cc. intravenously. The vital organs of these animals were found to be essentially normal. EXPERIMENTAL WORK Diethylene glycol was administered to 107 young adult white rats and to twenty-six rabbits in

KAMMER, ADOLPH G.; CALLAHAN, RICHARD H.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1937.02780450015005pmid: N/A

The constantly increasing list of materials which are causative agents in the production of disabling industrial dermatoses has in recent years caused justifiable concern to industrial management. Plant physicians and dermatologic consultants are more and more put to the test of solving the difficult questions of etiology, pathogenesis and effective treatment. The now widely used patch test, as emphasized by the excellent work of Sulzberger,1 has proved to be especially useful in determining the specific causes of these dermatoses. As a rule, even the well trained observer gets little help in the discovery of cause from the physical appearance of the lesions. The stages of erythema, vesiculation, varying degrees of induration, fissuring, oozing, scaling and pigmentation at one phase or another are common to most industrial dermatoses. The factors of configuration and distribution are not of much help. The removal of the victim from contact with substances to which

HOLCK, HARALD G. O.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1937.02780450021006pmid: N/A

The substitution of diethylene glycol for glycerin as a hygroscopic agent in industry makes it desirable to compare the toxicity of these two chemicals. Both have high boiling points, 245 and 290 C., respectively. Hence, small amounts may possibly pass unchanged with smoke from a cigaret into the body in addition to anything absorbed from the moist end of the cigaret in the mouth. In view of the rather high toxicity of the related ethylene glycol and because of the use of propylene glycol as a solvent for iodobismitol, it was thought desirable also to include a rough comparison between commercial samples of diethylene glycol and these two related chemicals.1 Recent exhaustive studies2 have shown that glycerin may constitute a large proportion of the food of rats over long periods and that smaller amounts may be added to adequate diets of growing dogs and of man without apparent

STEWART, CHESTER A.; PLATOU, ERLING S.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1937.02780450024007pmid: N/A

Physicians who elect to immunize children against smallpox, diphtheria, scarlet fever, pertussis and typhoid fever are confronted by the practical problem of deciding when to administer each prophylactic procedure. A partial solution of this problem probably can be accomplished through the tendency displayed by young infants to be rather refractory to diphtheria and scarlet fever throughout a considerable period during which they are quite susceptible to smallpox and pertussis. This tendency apparently justifies observance of the general policy of temporarily deferring immunizations against diphtheria, scarlet fever and typhoid fever in order that smallpox vaccinations and pertussis inoculations may be completed in the first six months of life. Whether smallpox vaccinations should usually precede or follow pertussis inoculations is a debatable question. The customary failure of successful smallpox vaccinations when performed during the first three months of life to cause appreciable systemic reactions is a practical point in favor of the

BLISS, ELEANOR A.; LONG, PERRIN H.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1937.02780450028008pmid: N/A

Domagk1 reported in his original communication on the use of the hydrochloride of 4 sulfamido-2', 4' diamino azo-benzene in the treatment of experimental streptococcic infections of mice that phagocytosis of the streptococci by the leukocytes played an important rôle in clearing the tissues of streptococci in the treated mice. Levaditi and Vaisman2 soon afterward advanced the hypothesis (without much experimental evidence) that this chemical interfered with capsule formation, thus rendering the streptococci susceptible to phagocytosis. The Tréfouëls and their associates3 made the important observation in 1935 that para-aminobenzenesulfonamide was active as a therapeutic agent in curing mice of experimental streptococcic infections. Fourneau and his collaborators4 first reported that para-aminobenzenesulfonamide had a bacteriostatic effect on the growth of certain molds. Colebrook and Kenny5 stated that the hydrochloride of 4 sulfamido-2', 4' diamino azo-benzene and the disodium salt of 4 sulfamido-phenyl-2'-azo-7'-acetyl-amino-1'-hydroxynapthalene-3', 6'-disulfonic acid possessed practically no bacteriostatic

LIVERMORE, GEORGE R.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1937.02780450032009pmid: N/A

In a paper read before the American Association of Genito-Urinary Surgeons in May 1933 I stressed the value of nephrostomy in anuria and reported four cases in which I was successful both in establishing diuresis and in saving life. I also reported a case of anuria due to poisoning with mercury bichloride from Dr. W. H. McNeill's service at Bellevue Hospital in New York City in which the treatment had the same happy result. I now wish to present another successful result, in a case of anuria due to poisoning with saponated solution of cresol. In 1914 I1 reported a surgical treatment for anuria which consisted of decapsulation, nephrotomy and packing the pelvis through the nephrostomy wound with gauze saturated with 10 per cent ichthammol in glycerin. I now feel that the pack adds nothing that cannot be accomplished by the nephrostomy tube and decapsulation. Having recently used the

Lindsay, H. C. L.

doi: 10.1001/jama.1937.92780450001010pmid: N/A

Methods of removing gun powder are fairly efficient; it is vastly more difficult to free the skin from powder stains or tattoo marks. The first complete success in the treatment of such a case that I witnessed was carried out on myself by Capt. James M. Taylor, R.A.M.C. I received a black powder blast in the face. The shot was fired at close range and thus the powder penetrated the tissues to considerable depths in various places. The removal of the powder grains commenced the same day and proceeded, with the exception of rest periods, for three days. Antiseptic compresses were applied at night, and the following day the work of removal of powder was renewed. Serum accumulated around individual grains of powder. These were difficult to remove the first day, but the serum seemed to facilitate their removal the following days. Inside of three days every