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doi: 10.1080/09595238000185171pmid: N/A
Ewers H.-J. and Wettmann R. W. (1980) Innovation-oriented regional policy, Reg. Studies 14, 161–179. In a changed macroeconomic situation, it is felt that regional policy is not directed towards the main bottleneck factor constraining growth in the problem regions. Regional innovation potential is shown to be the decisive bottleneck. Existing theories of the spatial diffusion of innovations are reviewed and a theoretical framework, based on an open-system approach to organizations, is considered to deal with spatial influences on innovation processes. A new approach to regional policy by means of innovation-promoting and technology policy instruments is proposed.
doi: 10.1080/09595238000185181pmid: N/A
Britton J. N. H. (1980) Industrial dependence and technological underdevelopment: Canadian consequences of foreign direct investment, Reg. Studies 14, 181–199. Canada's trade failures in secondary and especially in high-technology manufactures over recent decades derive from a lack of high-technology specialisations in the industrial structure. This sympton of underdevelopment has its origins in the direct and indirect effects of foreign control of over half Canada's secondary manufacturing. Innovation and product-development functions have failed to expand in Canada and the centralization of technical, scientific and managerial jobs in the home economies of the multinationals truncates the Canadian industrial system. A new technological strategy is required to combat the combined impact of high costs, low productivity, and insignificant and general technological weakness. The major elements of such a strategy are identified.
doi: 10.1080/09595238000185191pmid: N/A
Le Heron R. B. (1980) The diversified corporation and development policy: New Zealand's Experience, Reg. Studies 14, 201–217. The 1960s saw the large diversified multidivisional firm gain prominence throughout the world. This paper examines this type of enterprise, discusses its identifying characteristics and technological foundation, and explores some of the industrial and regional development implications of their emergence. The findings from a New Zealand case study of diversified firms provide evidence on how diversified firms behave and perform when the pace and level of industrialization is accelerated. An attempt is made to bridge some of the connections between the aggregate notions of organization theorists and plant/environment relations commonly addressed by geographers. Despite the partial nature of information utilized in the study, the results give further knowledge about the contribution of corporate enterprise to, particularly, long-run industrial and regional development.
doi: 10.1080/09595238000185201pmid: N/A
Malecki E. J. (1980) Corporate organization of R and D and the location of technological activities, Reg. Studies 14, 219–234. This paper examines in detail the role of R and D and technological innovation in corporate strategy and structure, focusing on the manner in which R and D is treated in corporate spatial organizations. Organizational and locational aspects of large, multilocational firms are a manifestation of strategies and priorities concerning product mix, technology and production. Of particular importance is the choice between centralized and decentralized R and D, both organizationally and locationally. The locations chosen by firms for technological activities have a major impact on the economic development of regional economies, through agglomeration and the creation and maintenance of a regional technology base. Three location types for R and D, headquarters, production sites and innovation centers, are verified empirically from the R and D sites of U.S. corporations.
Oakey, R.P.; Thwaites, A.T.; Nash, P.A.
doi: 10.1080/09595238000185211pmid: N/A
Oakey R. P., Thwaites A. T. and Nash P. A. (1980) The regional distribution of innovative manufacturing establishments in Britain, Reg. Studies 14, 235–253. This paper describes the results of a preliminary establishment-based survey within a larger project designed to test the hypothesis that technological change varies between the Economic Planning Regions of Britain. The results based upon information from the Queen's Award to Industry and Science Policy Research Unit Innovation Data Bank, University of Sussex, tend to support the original hypothesis. The evidence suggests that both large and small establishments in the South-East Region were more innovative than those located in other regions. These regional variations appear to be influenced more by the levels of non-production employment in each region rather than by plant size structure or regional industrial structure measured in total manufacturing employment terms.
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