RESEARCH ARTICLE
Surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of a new
rhodanine‐based monomer for rapid magnetic removal of Co(II)
ions from aqueous solutions
Arman Rahmaninia
|
Yagoub Mansoori
|
Farough Nasiri
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of
Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili,
Ardabil 56199‐11367, Iran
Correspondence
Yagoub Mansoori, Department of Applied
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of
Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199‐11367,
Iran.
Email: ya_mansoori@yahoo.com;
ya_mansoori@uma.ac.ir
Funding information
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
The present study reports synthesis and characterization of a new acrylamide‐based
monomer containing rhodanine moiety, N‐3‐amino‐thiazolidine‐4‐one‐acrylamide
(ATA). Poly(ATA)‐grafted magnetite nanoparticles (poly(ATA)‐g‐MNPs) were prepared
using surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of the monomer on Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles. The grafted nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform
infrared analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and vibrating sample
magnetometry. The amount of the grafted polymer was 209 mg g
−1
, as calculated from
thermogravimetric analysis experiment. The capability of poly(ATA)‐g‐MNPs to
remove Co(II) cations was shown under optimal conditions of contact time, pH,
adsorbent dosage, and initial Co(II) concentration. About 86% of the Co(II) cations
were removed over 7 minutes. The adsorption kinetics obeyed the pseudo–second‐
order kinetic equation, and the Langmuir isotherm model best described the
adsorption isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 3.62 mg g
−1
. The thermo-
dynamic investigation showed spontaneous nature of the adsorption process
(ΔG = −2.90 kJ mol
−1
at 25°C ± 1°C). In addition, the poly(ATA)‐g‐MNPs were
regenerated by simply washing with an aqueous 0.1M HCl solution. The study of
the reusability of the prepared magnetic sorbent revealed that the sorbent can be
reused without a significant decrease in the extraction efficiency and be recovered
by 95.4% after 7 cycles. These findings suggest that the grafted nanoparticles are
stable and reusable adsorbent and can be potentially applied to water treatment in
efficient removal of Co(II) cations.
KEYWORDS
ATRP, magnetic nanoparticles, polymer grafting, removal of Co(II), rhodanine
1
|
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, high concentrations of heavy metal ions are discharged
into water and waste water as a result of various human activities, such
as battery production, mining and metallurgical industries, agricultural
fertilizers and manures, sewage sludge, oil refineries, and waste
disposal. Environmental Protection Agency has listed 13 transition
metal ions, including beryllium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, copper,
zinc, molybdenum, thallium, silver, mercury, cadmium, lead, and nickel,
as priority pollutants.
1
These ions are characterized by high solubility
and accumulation in plants and human body through the food chain.
2
Although certain heavy metals in trace concentrations are required
metabolically, their higher doses can lead to serious diseases, such as
depression, kidney failure, chronic asthma, liver damage, and hypersen-
sitivity reactions.
3,4
Until now, a number of methods such as, precipitation routes,
5
membrane separation techniques,
6
ion exchange,
7
adsorption,
7-9
and
extraction
10
have been used for the removal of heavy metal ions. On
Received: 24 January 2018 Revised: 1 March 2018 Accepted: 3 March 2018
DOI: 10.1002/pat.4307
1988 Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Polym Adv Technol. 2018;29:1988–2001.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/pat
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