J Appl Entomol. 2018;142:563–577. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jen
|
563
© 2018 Blackwell Verlag GmbH
1 | INTRODUCTION
The spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera:
Drosophilidae), originating from Southeast Asia (Kanzawa, 1939),
has been introduced in 2008 in Southern Europe (Calabria, Maca,
Bachli, Serra, & Pascual, 2012; Cini, Ioriatti, & Anfora, 2012),
2008 in North America (Beers, Van Steenwyk, Shearer, Coates, &
Grant, 2011; Hauser, 2011; Walsh et al., 2011) and 2013 in South
America (Depra, Poppe, Schmitz, De Toni, & Valente, 2014). Since
then, D. suzukii has spread rapidly and was recorded in 2011 in
Switzerland (Baroffio & Fischer, 2011) and only two years later in
Poland (Labanowska & Piotrowski, 2015), for example. Several at-
tributes make D. suzukii one of the main pests of soft- skinned fruits
(Asplen et al., 2015). In contrast to the native Drosophila species in
Europe and America, female D. suzukii have a serrated ovipositor
to cut through the epicarp of soft- skinned host fruits. Thus, they
can feed and oviposit on previously undamaged, ripening fruits
(Kaneshiro, 1983; Mitsui, Takahashi, & Kimura, 2006). D. suzukii is
able to attack a wide range of crops such as cherries, grapes, plums
and various berries (Beers et al., 2011; Calabria et al., 2012; Lee
et al., 2011; Walsh et al., 2011). In addition to cultured fruits, soft-
skinned fruits of various wild, non- crop plants serve as hosts (Kenis
et al., 2016). Wild hosts could provide source populations and poten-
tially increase pest pressure (Briem, Eben, Gross, & Vogt, 2016; Lee
et al., 2015; Poyet et al., 2015). This creates a permanent pest pres-
sure throughout the vegetation period. Furthermore, D. suzukii has
Received:30October2017
|
Accepted:8March2018
DOI: 10.1111/jen.12510
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Screening of 25 different natural crop protection products
against Drosophila suzukii
F. Cahenzli
1
| T. Strack
1,2
| C. Daniel
1
1
Research Institute of Organic Agriculture,
Frick, Switzerland
2
Hochschule Geisenheim University,
Geisenheim, Germany
Correspondence
Fabian Cahenzli, Research Institute of
Organic Agriculture, Frick, Switzerland.
Email: fabian.cahenzli@fibl.org
Funding information
BundesamtfürLandwirtschaft and
Interreg (project 4.2 InvaProtect:
NachhaltigerPflanzenschutzgegen invasive
SchaderregerimObst- und Weinbau)
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii is a major pest of soft- skinned fruits, and insecticides are often used
to prevent fruit damage caused by oviposition. As D. suzukii produces many genera-
tions per year, repeated insecticide applications are required. Furthermore, D. suzukii
attacks ripening and ripe fruits shortly before harvest. Therefore, the use of synthetic
insecticides is limited by long pre- harvest intervals and maximum residue limits. To be
able to offer producers immediate and sustainable solutions, we tested 25 natural
crop protection products with three different application methods in a laboratory
screening. We show that application method is an important factor for the efficacy of
the tested products. Of six natural insecticides, only Spinosad was toxic for D. suzukii
and reduced the oviposition on treated blueberries. The tested oil products had no
control effect and products based on different entomopathogenic fungi and Bacillus
thuringiensis rather enhanced oviposition. Mineral products (Kaolin, CaCO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
and clinoptilolith) applied as spray solutions were not toxic, but significantly reduced
oviposition on blueberries. We provide the first study in which different application
methods have been used to compare numerous, commercially available, natural crop
protection products with different modes of action against adult D. suzukii. Our find-
ings provide consultants and producers with important insights for the development
of sustainable pest control strategies against D. suzukii.
KEYWORDS
deterrent, insecticide, organic farming, soft-skinned fruits, spotted wing drosophila
@Phil_Robichaud
@deepthiw
@JoseServera