Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
C. McGowan, D. Weinstein, Charles Samenow, S. Stinnette, Gema Barkanic, Peter Rebeiro, T. Sterling, Richard Moore, T. Hulgan (2011)
Drug Use and Receipt of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-Infected Persons in Two U.S. Clinic CohortsPLoS ONE, 6
M. López, L. Colombo, D. Huang, Y. Wang, R. Watson (1992)
Modification of thymic cell subsets induced by long-term cocaine administration during a murine retroviral infection producing AIDS.Clinical immunology and immunopathology, 65 1
G. Mientjes, F. Miedema, E. Ameijden, A. Hoek, P. Schellekens, M. Roos, R. Coutinho (1991)
Frequent injecting impairs lymphocyte reactivity in HIV-positive and HIV-negative drug users.AIDS, 5 1
N. Obel, L. Omland, G. Kronborg, C. Larsen, C. Pedersen, G. Pedersen, H. Sørensen, J. Gerstoft (2011)
Impact of Non-HIV and HIV Risk Factors on Survival in HIV-Infected Patients on HAART: A Population-Based Nationwide Cohort StudyPLoS ONE, 6
Phillip Peterson, Burt Sharp, G. Gekker, P. Portoghese, Kim Sannerud, H. Balfour (1990)
Morphine promotes the growth of HIV-1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cocultures.AIDS, 4 9
M. Milloy, B. Marshall, T. Kerr, J. Buxton, T. Rhodes, J. Montaner, E. Wood (2012)
Social and structural factors associated with HIV disease progression among illicit drug users: a systematic reviewAIDS, 26
J. Ghosn, M. Leruez-Ville, Jérôme Blanche, A. Delobelle, Céline Beaudoux, L. Mascard, H. Lécuyer, A. Canestri, R. Landman, D. Zucman, D. Ponscarme, A. Rami, J. Viard, B. Spire, C. Rouzioux, D. Costagliola, M. Suzan-Monti (2014)
HIV-1 DNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cannabis use are associated with intermittent HIV shedding in semen of men who have sex with men on successful antiretroviral regimens.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 58 12
T. Klein, B. Lane, C. Newton, H. Friedman (2000)
The Cannabinoid System and Cytokine NetworkExperimental Biology and Medicine, 225
Li Zhu, Sherven Sharma, M. Stolina, B. Gardner, Michael Roth, D. Tashkin, S. Dubinett (2000)
Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Inhibits Antitumor Immunity by a CB2 Receptor-Mediated, Cytokine-Dependent Pathway1The Journal of Immunology, 165
P. Molina, P. Winsauer, Ping Zhang, Edith Walker, L. Birke, A. Amedee, C. Stouwe, D. Troxclair, Robin Mcgoey, K. Varner, L. Byerley, Lynn LaMotte (2011)
Cannabinoid administration attenuates the progression of simian immunodeficiency virus.AIDS research and human retroviruses, 27 6
Slava Rom, Y. Persidsky (2013)
Cannabinoid Receptor 2: Potential Role in Immunomodulation and NeuroinflammationJournal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 8
V. Marzo, M. Bifulco, L. Petrocellis (2004)
The endocannabinoid system and its therapeutic exploitationNature Reviews Drug Discovery, 3
S. Strathdee, Anita Palepu, Peter Cornelisse, B. Yip, M. O'Shaughnessy, J. Montaner, M. Schechter, R. Hogg (1998)
Barriers to use of free antiretroviral therapy in injection drug users.JAMA, 280 6
P. Molina, A. Amedee, Nicole Lecapitaine, J. Zabaleta, M. Mohan, P. Winsauer, C. Stouwe (2011)
Cannabinoid Neuroimmune Modulation of SIV DiseaseJournal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 6
P. Peterson, G. Gekker, S. Hu, G. Cabral, J. Lokensgard (2004)
Cannabinoids and morphine differentially affect HIV-1 expression in CD4+ lymphocyte and microglial cell culturesJournal of Neuroimmunology, 147
C. Costantino, Achla Gupta, A. Yewdall, B. Dale, L. Devi, Benjamin Chen (2012)
Cannabinoid Receptor 2-Mediated Attenuation of CXCR4-Tropic HIV Infection in Primary CD4+ T CellsPLoS ONE, 7
D. Hoffmann, E. Weber (2010)
Medical marijuana and the law.The New England journal of medicine, 362 16
A. Cescon, Cyrus Cooper, Kenny Chan, Alexis Palmer, Marina Klein, Marina Klein, N. Machouf, Loutfy, Janet Raboud, Janet Raboud, Anita Rachlis, Erin Ding, V. Lima, J. Montaner, Sean Rourke, Marek Smieja, Christos Tsoukas, Robert Hogg (2011)
Factors associated with virological suppression among HIV‐positive individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy in a multi‐site Canadian cohortHIV Medicine, 12
S. Strathdee, D. Patrick, S. Currie, P. Cornelisse, M. Rekart, J. Montaner, M. Schechter, M. O'Shaughnessy (1997)
Needle exchange is not enough: lessons from the Vancouver injecting drug use studyAIDS, 11
(2005)
Journal of Neuroinflammation Effects of the Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Nimesulide on Cerebral Infarction and Neurological Deficits Induced by Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rat
Ehrhart (2005)
Stimulation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) suppresses microglial activationJ Neuroinflammation, 2
R. Rock, G. Gekker, Shuxian Hu, W. Sheng, G. Cabral, B. Martin, P. Peterson (2007)
WIN55,212-2-Mediated Inhibition of HIV-1 Expression in Microglial Cells: Involvement of Cannabinoid ReceptorsJournal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 2
D. Abrams, J. Hilton, R. Leiser, S. Shade, T. Elbeik, F. Aweeka, N. Benowitz, B. Bredt, B. Kosel, J. Aberg, S. Deeks, T. Mitchell, K. Mulligan, P. Bacchetti, J. McCune, M. Schambelan (2003)
Short-Term Effects of Cannabinoids in Patients with HIV-1 InfectionAnnals of Internal Medicine, 139
C. Lewden, V. Bouteloup, S. Wit, C. Sabin, A. Mocroft, J. Wasmuth, A. Sighem, O. Kirk, N. Obel, G. Panos, J. Ghosn, F. Dabis, M. Mary-Krause, C. Leport, S. Pérez-Hoyos, P. Sobrino-Vegas, C. Stephan, A. Castagna, A. Antinori, A. Monforte, C. Torti, C. Mussini, V. Isern, A. Calmy, R. Teira, M. Egger, J. Grarup, G. Chêne (2012)
All-cause mortality in treated HIV-infected adults with CD4 ≥500/mm3 compared with the general population: evidence from a large European observational cohort collaboration.International journal of epidemiology, 41 2
B. Kaplan, N. Kaminski (2003)
Cannabinoids inhibit the activation of ERK MAPK in PMA/Io-stimulated mouse splenocytes.International immunopharmacology, 3 10-11
S. Brown, B. Stimmel, R. Taub, S. Kochwa, R. Rosenfield (1974)
Immunologic dysfunction in heroin addicts.Archives of internal medicine, 134 6
E. Wood, R. Hogg, V. Lima, T. Kerr, B. Yip, B. Marshall, J. Montaner (2008)
Highly active antiretroviral therapy and survival in HIV-infected injection drug users.JAMA, 300 5
Marcel Bonn-Miller, Megan Oser, Meggan Bucossi, Jodie Trafton (2014)
Cannabis use and HIV antiretroviral therapy adherence and HIV-related symptomsJournal of Behavioral Medicine, 37
Introduction and Aims Cannabis use is common among people who are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). While there is growing pre‐clinical evidence of the immunomodulatory and anti‐viral effects of cannabinoids, their possible effects on HIV disease parameters in humans are largely unknown. Thus, we sought to investigate the possible effects of cannabis use on plasma HIV‐1 RNA viral loads (pVLs) among recently seroconverted illicit drug users. Design and Methods We used data from two linked longitudinal observational cohorts of people who use injection drugs. Using multivariable linear mixed‐effects modelling, we analysed the relationship between pVL and high‐intensity cannabis use among participants who seroconverted following recruitment. Results Between May 1996 and March 2012, 88 individuals seroconverted after recruitment and were included in these analyses. Median pVL in the first 365 days among all seroconverters was 4.66 log10 c mL−1. In a multivariable model, at least daily cannabis use was associated with 0.51 log10 c mL−1 lower pVL (β = −0.51, standard error = 0.170, P value = 0.003). Discussion and Conclusions Consistent with the findings from recent in vitro and in vivo studies, including one conducted among lentiviral‐infected primates, we observed a strong association between cannabis use and lower pVL following seroconversion among illicit drug‐using participants. Our findings support the further investigation of the immunomodulatory or antiviral effects of cannabinoids among individuals living with HIV/AIDS. (Milloy M‐J, Marshall B, Kerr T, Richardson L, Hogg R, Guillemi S, Montaner JSG, Wood E. High‐intensity cannabis use associated with lower plasma human immunodeficiency virus‐1 RNA viral load among recently infected people who use injection drugs. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;34:135–40)
Drug and Alcohol Review – Wiley
Published: Mar 1, 2015
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.