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Endogenous nitric oxide: physiology, pathology and clinical relevance

Endogenous nitric oxide: physiology, pathology and clinical relevance REVIEW Endogenous nitric oxide: physiology, pathology and clinical relevance S. MONCADA & E. A. HIGGS, The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent, UK Received 2 May 1991 Introduction The formation of nitric oxide (NO) from the amino acid L-arginine not only explains the biological properties of the so-called endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) but also accounts for the stimulation of the soluble guanylate cyclase in a number of tissues such as the platelet and the brain. Furthermore, NO is a cytotoxic factor released by murine macrophages and other cells following immunological activation. Nitric oxide is synthesized by an enzyme, the N O synthase, of which two types have been identified. One type is constitutive and is responsible for the release of NO for physiological transduction purposes, while the other is induced by cytokines and releases NO as part of the immunological response. The constitutive nitric oxide synthase 1. The vusculature EDRF [I] is a labile humoral substance which accounts for the vascular relaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACh) and other endothelium-dependent vasodilators. It also inhibits platelet aggregation [2,3] and adhesion [4], all of which actions are mediated via stimulation of the soluble guanylate cyclase. The chemical nature of EDRF has been http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png European Journal of Clinical Investigation Wiley

Endogenous nitric oxide: physiology, pathology and clinical relevance

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Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
Copyright © 1991 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
ISSN
0014-2972
eISSN
1365-2362
DOI
10.1111/j.1365-2362.1991.tb01383.x
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Abstract

REVIEW Endogenous nitric oxide: physiology, pathology and clinical relevance S. MONCADA & E. A. HIGGS, The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent, UK Received 2 May 1991 Introduction The formation of nitric oxide (NO) from the amino acid L-arginine not only explains the biological properties of the so-called endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) but also accounts for the stimulation of the soluble guanylate cyclase in a number of tissues such as the platelet and the brain. Furthermore, NO is a cytotoxic factor released by murine macrophages and other cells following immunological activation. Nitric oxide is synthesized by an enzyme, the N O synthase, of which two types have been identified. One type is constitutive and is responsible for the release of NO for physiological transduction purposes, while the other is induced by cytokines and releases NO as part of the immunological response. The constitutive nitric oxide synthase 1. The vusculature EDRF [I] is a labile humoral substance which accounts for the vascular relaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACh) and other endothelium-dependent vasodilators. It also inhibits platelet aggregation [2,3] and adhesion [4], all of which actions are mediated via stimulation of the soluble guanylate cyclase. The chemical nature of EDRF has been

Journal

European Journal of Clinical Investigation – Wiley

Published: Aug 1, 1991

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  • Identification of N‐iminoethyl‐L‐ornithine as an irreversible inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase in phagocytic cells
    McCall, McCall; Feelisch, Feelisch; Palmer, Palmer; Moncada, Moncada
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  • Macrophage oxidation of L‐arginine to nitric oxide, nitrite and nitrate. Tetrahydrobiopterin is required as a cofactor
    Tayeh, Tayeh; Marletta, Marletta
  • Reduced biopterin as a cofactor in the generation of nitrogen oxides by murine macrophages
    Kwon, Kwon; Nathan, Nathan; Stuehr, Stuehr
  • FAD and GSH participate in macrophage synthesis of nitric oxide
    Stuehr, Stuehr; Kwon, Kwon; Nathan, Nathan
  • Macrophage‐mediated fungistasis in vitro : requirements for intracellular cytotoxicity
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  • Macrophage‐mediated fungistasis: requirements for a macromolecular component in serum
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  • Micro‐biostatic effect of murine macrophages for Toxoplasma gondii : role of synthesis of inorganic nitrogen oxides from L‐arginine
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  • Activated macrophages destroy intracellular Leishmania major amasti‐gotes by an L‐arginine dependent killing mechanism
    Green, Green; Meltzer, Meltzer; Hibbs, Hibbs; Nacy, Nacy
  • Macrophage killing of Leishmania parasite in vivo is mediated by nitric oxide from L‐arginine
    Liew, Liew; Millott, Millott; Parkinson, Parkinson; Palmer, Palmer; Moncada, Moncada
  • Tumor necrosis factor and granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor stimulate human macrophages to restrict growth of virulent Mycobacterium avium and to kill avirulent M. avium : killing effector mechanism depends on the generation of reactive nitrogen intermediates
    Denis, Denis
  • Interaction of neutrophils with vascular smooth muscle: identification of a neutrophil‐derived relaxing factor
    Rimele, Rimele; Sturm, Sturm; Adams, Adams; Henry, Henry; Heaslip, Heaslip; Weichman, Weichman; Grimes, Grimes
  • Rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) increase cGMP levels in rat aorta
    Lee, Lee; Faunce, Faunce; Henry, Henry; Sturm, Sturm; Rimele, Rimele
  • Human monocytes and neutrophils inhibit platelet aggregation by releasing an EDRF‐like factor
    Cynk, Cynk; Kondo, Kondo; Salvemini, Salvemini; Sneddon, Sneddon; Vane, Vane
  • Human neutrophils and mononuclear cells inhibit platelet aggregation by releasing a nitric oxide‐like factor
    Salvemini, Salvemini; Nucci, Nucci; Gryglewski, Gryglewski; Vane, Vane
  • Synthesis of nitric oxide from L‐arginine by neutrophils. Release and interaction with superoxide anion
    McCall, McCall; Boughton‐Smith, Boughton‐Smith; Palmer, Palmer; Whittle, Whittle; Moncada, Moncada
  • Formation and release of nitric oxide from human neutrophils and HL‐60 cells induced by chemotactic peptide, platelet activating factor and leuko‐triene B 4
    Schmidt, Schmidt; Seifert, Seifert; Bohme, Bohme
  • Generation of nitric oxide by human neutrophils
    Wright, Wright; Mulsch, Mulsch; Busse, Busse; Osswald, Osswald
  • An L‐arginine dependent mechanism mediates Kupffer cell inhibition of hepatocyte protein synthesis in vitro.
    Billiar, Billiar; Curran, Curran; Stuehr, Stuehr; West, West; Bentz, Bentz; Simmons, Simmons
    Bookmark
  • Hepatocytes produce nitrogen oxides from L‐arginine in response to inflammatory products from Kupffer cells
    Curran, Curran; Billiar, Billiar; Stuehr, Stuehr; Hofmann, Hofmann; Simmons, Simmons
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  • Differential induction of brain, lung and liver nitric oxide synthase by endotoxin in the rat
    Knowles, Knowles; Merrett, Merrett; Salter, Salter; Moncada, Moncada
  • The L‐arginine dependent effector mechanism is induced in murine adenocarcinoma cells by culture supernatant from cytotoxic activated macrophages
    Amber, Amber; Hibbs, Hibbs; Taintor, Taintor; Vavrin, Vavrin
  • Antiproliferative activity of γy‐interferon combined with lipopolysaccharide on murine adenocarcinoma: dependence on an L‐arginine metabolism with production of nitrite and citrulline
    Lepoivre, Lepoivre; Boudbid, Boudbid; Petit, Petit
  • Tetrahydrobiopterin‐dependent formation of nitrite and nitrate in murine fibroblasts
    Werner‐Felmayer, Werner‐Felmayer; Werner, Werner; Fuchs, Fuchs; Hausen, Hausen; Reibnegger, Reibnegger; Wachter, Wachter
    Bookmark
  • Glucocorticoids inhibit the expression of an inducible, but not the constitutive, nitric oxide synthase in vascular endothelial cells
    Radomski, Radomski; Palmer, Palmer; Moncada, Moncada
  • Dexamethasone prevents the induction by endotoxin of a nitric oxide synthase and the associated effects on vascular tone. An insight into endotoxin shock
    Rees, Rees; Cellek, Cellek; Palmer, Palmer; Moncada, Moncada
  • Antiinflammatory glucocorticoids inhibit the induction by endotoxin of nitric oxide synthase in the lung, liver and aorta of the rat
    Knowles, Knowles; Salter, Salter; Brooks, Brooks; Moncada, Moncada
  • Myocardial and circulatory effects of E. Coli endotoxin; modification of responses to catecholamines
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  • Diminution of contractile response of the aorta from endotoxin‐injected rats
    Wakabayashi, Wakabayashi; Hatake, Hatake; Kakashita, Kakashita; Nagai, Nagai
  • Prolonged exposure of rat aorta to low levels of endotoxin in vitro results in impaired contractility: association with vascular cytokine release
    McKenna, McKenna
  • Incubation with endotoxin activates the L‐arginine pathway in vascular tissue
    Fleming, Fleming; Gray, Gray; Julou‐Schaeffer, Julou‐Schaeffer; Parratt, Parratt; Stoclet, Stoclet
  • Inducible cytosolic enzyme activity for the production of nitrogen oxides from L‐arginine in hepatocytes
    Billiar, Billiar; Curran, Curran; Stuehr, Stuehr; Stadler, Stadler; Simmons, Simmons; Murray, Murray
  • Role of nitric oxide in maintaining vascular integrity in endotoxin‐induced acute intestinal damage in the rat
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  • N G ‐methyl‐L‐arginine inhibits tumor necrosis factor‐induced hypotension: implications for the involvement of nitric oxide
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  • Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis reduces the hypotension induced by bacterial lipopoly‐saccharides in the rat in vivo
    Thiemermann, Thiemermann; Vane, Vane
  • Circulatory changes in chronic liver disease
    Murray, Murray; Dawson, Dawson; Sherlock, Sherlock
  • Effects of endogenous nitric oxide inhibition on the hemodynamic changes of portal hypertensive rats
    Pizcueta, Pizcueta; Pique, Pique; Bosch, Bosch; Whittle, Whittle; Moncada, Moncada
  • Endotoxin levels measured by a chromogenic assay in portal, hepatic and peripheral blood in patients with cirrhosis
    Lumsden, Lumsden; Henderson, Henderson; Kutner, Kutner
    Bookmark
  • A simple turbidometric time assay of the endotoxin in plasma
    Yomota, Yomota; Kambayashi, Kambayashi; Tanaka, Tanaka; Tsujinaka, Tsujinaka; Sakon, Sakon; Mori, Mori
  • Atrial natriuretic peptide in liver cirrhosis with mild ascites
    Miyase, Miyase; Fujiyama, Fujiyama; Chikazawa, Chikazawa; Sato, Sato
  • Hypothesis: induction of nitric oxide synthase in the vasculature underlies the hyperdynamic circulation of cirrhosis
    Vallance, Vallance; Moncada, Moncada
  • Survival of primates in LD 100 septic shock following steroid/antibiotic therapy
    Hinshaw, Hinshaw; Archer, Archer; Beller‐Todd, Beller‐Todd; Coalson, Coalson; Flour‐noy, Flour‐noy; Passey, Passey; Benjamin, Benjamin; White, White
  • Experimental gram‐negative bacterial sepsis: optimal methyl‐prednisolone requirements for prevention of mortality not preventable by antibiotics alone
    Greisman, Greisman
  • Glucocorticoids in the treatment of shock and the adult respiratory distress syndrome
    Nicholson, Nicholson
  • Reduction of mortality in chloramphenicol‐treated severe typhoid fever by high‐dose dexamethasone
    Hoffman, Hoffman; Punjabi, Punjabi; Kumala, Kumala; Moechtar, Moechtar; Pulungsih, Pulungsih; Rival, Rival; Rockhill, Rockhill; Woodward, Woodward; Loedin, Loedin
  • Glucocorticoids inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase in macrophages
    Di Rosa, Di Rosa; Radomski, Radomski; Carnuccio, Carnuccio; Moncada, Moncada
  • Glucocorticoid‐induced impairment of macrophage antimicrobial activity: mechanisms and dependence on the state of activation
    Schaffner, Schaffner; Schaffner, Schaffner
  • Effects of various inhibitors of arachidonic acid oxygenation on macrophage superoxide release and tumoricidal activity
    Schulz, Schulz; Nanda, Nanda; Altom, Altom
  • Inhibition of macrophage tumoricidal activity by glucocorticoids
    Hogan, Hogan; Vogel, Vogel
  • Update on systemic necrotizing vasculitis
    Conn, Conn
  • Biosynthesis of nitric oxide from L‐arginine: a pathway for the regulation of cell function and communication
    Moncada, Moncada; Palmer, Palmer; Higgs, Higgs
  • Uber di Zuchtung der Erysipelkokken auf kunst‐lichen Nahrboden und ihr Ubertragbarkeit auf den Menschen. Dt. med.
    Fehleisen, Fehleisen
  • The treatment of malignant tumors by repeated inoculations of erysipelas: With a report of ten original cases
    Coley, Coley

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