Loading next page...
/lp/wiley/early-childhood-experiences-and-women-s-achievement-motives-Yw6qKyVi00
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Copyright
- 1972 The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues
- ISSN
- 0022-4537
- eISSN
- 1540-4560
- DOI
- 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1972.tb00022.x
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
Research findings in child development are reviewed to shed light on female achievement motives. It is suggested that females have high needs for affiliation which influence their achievement motives and behavior, sometimes enhancing and sometimes blocking them. Since girls as compared to boys have less encouragement for independence, more parental protectiveness, less pressure for establishing an identity separate from the mother, and less mother‐child conflict which highlights this separation, they engage in less independent exploration of their environments. As a result they develop neither adequate skills nor confidence but continue to be dependent upon others. Thus while boys learn effectance through mastery, the effectiveness of girls is contingent on elicting the help of others. Affective relationships are paramount in females and much of their achievement behavior is motivated by a desire to please. If achievement threatens affiliation, performance may be sacrificed or anxiety may result.
Journal
Journal of Social Issues – Wiley
Published: Apr 1, 1972
Recommended Articles
Loading...
References
-
Generalization of experimentally reinforced conformityAllen, Allen; Crutchfield, Crutchfield
-
Socialization and instrumental competence in young childrenBaumrind, Baumrind
-
Current patterns of parental authorityBaumrind, Baumrind
-
Socialization practices associated with dimensions of competence in preschool boys and girlsBaumrind, Baumrind; Black, Black
-
Growth curves of height and weight by age for boys and girls, scaled according to physical maturityBayley, Bayley
-
Parental identification, acceptance of authority and within‐sex differences in cognitive behaviorBieri, Bieri
-
Effect of childrearing practices on development of differential cognitive abilitiesBing, Bing
-
The accuracy of self‐estimate: A measure of self conceptBrandt, Brandt
-
Freudian theories of identification and their derivativesBronfenbrenner, Bronfenbrenner
-
Achievement behavior in young childrenCrandall, Crandall
-
Parents' attitudes and behaviors and grade school children's academic achievementsCrandall, Crandall; Dewey, Dewey; Katkovsky, Katkovsky; Preston, Preston
-
Motivational and ability determinants of young children's intellectual achievement behaviorsCrandall, Crandall; Katkovsky, Katkovsky; Preston, Preston
-
Maternal reactions and the development of independence and achievement behavior in young childrenCrandall, Crandall; Preston, Preston; Rabson, Rabson
-
Children's repetition choices in an intellectual achievement situation following success and failureCrandall, Crandall; Rabson, Rabson
-
Identity and the life cycleErikson, Erikson
-
Feeding disturbances in very young childrenEscalona, Escalona
-
Sex differences in mental and behavioral traitsGarai, Garai; Scheinfeld, Scheinfeld
-
Play behavior in the year old infant: Early sex differencesGoldberg, Goldberg; Lewis, Lewis
-
Conformity of children in an ambiguous perceptual situationHamm, Hamm; Hoving, Hoving
-
Toward an understanding of achievement related conflicts in womenHorner, Horner
-
Modifications of children's judgements by a simulated group technique: A normative developmental studyIscoe, Iscoe; Williams, Williams; Harvey, Harvey
-
Age, intelligence and sex as variables in the conformity behavior of Negro and White childrenIscoe, Iscoe; Williams, Williams; Harvey, Harvey
-
On the meaning of behavior: Illustrations from the infantKagan, Kagan
-
Information processing in the child: Significance of analytic and reflective attitudesKagan, Kagan; Rosman, Rosman; Day, Day; Phillips, Phillips; Phillips, Phillips
-
Infants' responses to facial stimuli during the first year of lifeLewis, Lewis
-
Sex role and parental identificationLynn, Lynn
-
Pursuit‐rotor performance of normal and retarded children in four verbal‐incentive conditionsMcManis, McManis
-
The effects of sex‐role identification upon problem solving skillMilton, Milton
-
Coping patterns of preschool children in response to intelligence test demandsMoriarty, Moriarty
-
Sex, age, and state as determinants of mother‐infant interactionMoss, Moss
-
Maternal influences in early social visual behaviorMoss, Moss; Robson, Robson
-
Determinants of maternal stimulation of infants and consequences of treatment for later reactions to strangersMoss, Moss; Robson, Robson; Pedersen, Pedersen
-
Conformity and problem solvingNakamura, Nakamura
-
Socio‐economic contrasts in children's peer culture prestige valuesPope, Pope
-
The psychosocial origins of achievement motivationsRosen, Rosen; D'Andrade, D'Andrade
-
Women in science: Why so few?Rossi, Rossi
-
Maternal attentiveness and subsequent exploratory behavior in the infantRubenstein, Rubenstein
-
Test anxiety and intellectual performanceSarason, Sarason
-
Test anxiety and experimental conditionsSarason, Sarason; Harmatz, Harmatz
-
Self‐concept in the service of educational goalsSears, Sears
-
Problems of sex differences in space perception and aspects of intellectual functioningSherman, Sherman
-
Rationale for separate analyses of male and female samples on cognitive tasksSigel, Sigel
-
Age and sex differences in children's sex role standards about achievementStein, Stein; Smithells, Smithells
-
class, family, and school achievementTulkin, Tulkin; Race, Race
-
Relationships among motivations of parents and their childrenTyler, Tyler; Rafferty, Rafferty; Tyler, Tyler
-
The achievement motive in high school and college age womenVeroff, Veroff; Wilcox, Wilcox; Atkinson, Atkinson
-
Physics, femininity, and creativityWalberg, Walberg
-
The relation of sex, age, and school achievement to levels of aspirationWalter, Walter; Marzolf, Marzolf
@Phil_Robichaud
@deepthiw
@JoseServera