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Diagonal‐couplet gaits on discontinuous supports in Japanese macaques and implications for the adaptive significance of the diagonal‐sequence, diagonal‐couplet gait of primates

Diagonal‐couplet gaits on discontinuous supports in Japanese macaques and implications for the... INTRODUCTIONVariation in gaitWalking on all fours, quadrupeds control stride cycles in both the forelimb and hindlimb pairs. Gaits are differentiated by the time lag between the fore‐ and hindlimb stride cycles. The time lag is referred to as the limb phase, representing the percentage of the gait cycle that the hindlimb touchdown precedes the ipsilateral forelimb touchdown (Hildebrand, 1965, 1966, 1989). Based on the limb phase, gait has been classified into four categories (Cartmill et al., 2002; Shapiro & Raichlen, 2005), a modified definition of the original classification (Hildebrand, 1965): (1) lateral‐sequence, lateral‐couplet (LSLC; 0% < limb phase < 25%), (2) lateral‐sequence, diagonal‐couplet (LSDC; 25% < limb phase < 50%), (3) diagonal‐sequence, diagonal‐couplet (DSDC; 50% < limb phase < 75%), and (4) diagonal‐sequence, lateral‐couplet (DSLC; 75% < limb phase < 100%). The sequence represents the order of limb touchdowns: lateral‐sequence (LS) and diagonal‐sequence (DS). The touchdown of the right hand comes after the touchdown of the right (ipsilateral) foot during LS, with the sequence being in the order of right hindlimb (RH), right forelimb (RF), left hindlimb (LH), and left forelimb (LF). The touchdown of the left hand comes after that of the right (contralateral) foot during DS, with the sequence being in the order of RH, LF, LH, and RF. The couplet represents fore‐ and hindlimbs that are http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png American Journal of Physical Anthropology Wiley

Diagonal‐couplet gaits on discontinuous supports in Japanese macaques and implications for the adaptive significance of the diagonal‐sequence, diagonal‐couplet gait of primates

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References (44)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
ISSN
0002-9483
eISSN
1096-8644
DOI
10.1002/ajpa.24757
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONVariation in gaitWalking on all fours, quadrupeds control stride cycles in both the forelimb and hindlimb pairs. Gaits are differentiated by the time lag between the fore‐ and hindlimb stride cycles. The time lag is referred to as the limb phase, representing the percentage of the gait cycle that the hindlimb touchdown precedes the ipsilateral forelimb touchdown (Hildebrand, 1965, 1966, 1989). Based on the limb phase, gait has been classified into four categories (Cartmill et al., 2002; Shapiro & Raichlen, 2005), a modified definition of the original classification (Hildebrand, 1965): (1) lateral‐sequence, lateral‐couplet (LSLC; 0% < limb phase < 25%), (2) lateral‐sequence, diagonal‐couplet (LSDC; 25% < limb phase < 50%), (3) diagonal‐sequence, diagonal‐couplet (DSDC; 50% < limb phase < 75%), and (4) diagonal‐sequence, lateral‐couplet (DSLC; 75% < limb phase < 100%). The sequence represents the order of limb touchdowns: lateral‐sequence (LS) and diagonal‐sequence (DS). The touchdown of the right hand comes after the touchdown of the right (ipsilateral) foot during LS, with the sequence being in the order of right hindlimb (RH), right forelimb (RF), left hindlimb (LH), and left forelimb (LF). The touchdown of the left hand comes after that of the right (contralateral) foot during DS, with the sequence being in the order of RH, LF, LH, and RF. The couplet represents fore‐ and hindlimbs that are

Journal

American Journal of Physical AnthropologyWiley

Published: Jul 1, 2023

Keywords: arboreal quadrupedal walking; discontinuous supports; limb proximity; symmetrical gait

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